Nine-leaf green peppercorns
Dwarf dense planting
More than 40 years ago, the villagers of Jiangjin grafted Yunnan bamboo leaf pepper and Sichuan Panzhihua green pepper to cultivate a nine-leaf green pepper with rich fragrance and pure hemp. Subsequently, the nine-leaf green pepper has undergone a series of technical improvements and management optimization, forming a "large branch pruning, dwarf dense planting" cultivation means, which not only greatly reduces the labor intensity of the picking link, but also can improve the yield, the yield per mu can reach up to 1500 catties, this variety is gradually planted in the green pepper production areas, but due to geographical location, climate, management technology and other reasons, the growth of the nine-leaf green pepper is weak, and the yield is low. For the management of dwarf and dense planting technology of nine-leaf green pepper, we should focus on 6 basic technologies.
Why can the nine-leaf green pepper with branches harvested and dwarf dense planting operations be able to produce high and stable yields? (1) Nine-leaved green pepper can effectively inhibit the vigorous growth of side buds and new shoots of Zanthoxylum bungeanum by shrinking branches and dwarfing; (2) It can make the skeleton of Zanthoxylum bungeanum more stable, create a good tree structure, clear layers, and the newly extracted branches are more robust, and the ability to accumulate nutrients and photosynthesis is stronger; (3) The formation of a good ventilation and light transmission environment can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, effectively improve the quality and yield of nine-leaf green pepper, so as to obtain high yield and stable yield.
At the beginning of the article, we also mentioned that not all the nine-leaf green pepper trees planted in the production area can achieve stable and high yields, what is the specific reason? You can find out whether there are relevant problems in your pepper garden or have suggestions for improvement in the content mentioned in the article in the following comprehensive management method of "dwarf dense planting" of nine-leaf green peppercorns, and you are welcome to leave a message to exchange and discuss.
In general, there are six major technical points in the management technology of dwarf dense planting and high yield of nine-leaf green pepper: high-level pruning, scientific fertilization, ecological medicine, branch pressing and stripping, timely picking, and timely picking.
First, high-level pruning
In the summer harvest of nine-leaf green pepper when the appropriate strong pruning retraction, generally between early June to early August according to the growth of the pepper tree and the harvest time to determine the pruning intensity, through appropriate pruning means (retraction, budding, germination, twisting, branching, topping, etc.), the early stage (before the beginning of July) heavy pruning and retraction, the middle (early July to late July) in the middle of the retraction, the later (August and later) light pruning and retraction, retain a certain auxiliary branches.
In terms of tree shape, the total length of the main trunk plus the first-class branches is 80cm, which is relatively standard. When drying, if the planting environment is windy and sandy, the main trunk can be appropriately shortened, generally about 40cm; In addition, the height of the trunk is about 50cm.
Through the early planting and finalization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the early stage of nine-leaved green pepper, the Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees in the full fruit stage should be left to the position of grade 3 branches after picking, and the new shoots will not be pulled out violently due to the number of branches not enough in the later stage, and the branches will not be too upright because the angle is too small.
2. Scientific fertilization
1. Fruit picking fertilizer (shoot fertilizer): 7~10 days before harvesting, apply compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content, accounting for 50% of the annual fertilizer amount.
2. Moon mother fertilizer (base fertilizer): In August ~ October, while topping and thinning branches and preventing insects and clearing the garden, according to the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees, fertilizer with rich organic matter is applied, accounting for 30% of the annual fertilizer amount.
3. Germination fertilizer: In January, according to the growth of Zanthoxylum pepper trees, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied before Zanthoxylum pepper germination, accounting for 10% of the annual fertilizer amount.
4. Strong fruit fertilizer: around mid-April, apply low nitrogen and high potassium "strong fruit fertilizer", accounting for 10% of the annual fertilizer amount. At the same time, about 25 days after the flowering of the nine-leaf green pepper, spray foliar fertilizer to protect the fruit, and appropriately supplement calcium, boron, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. At the same time, it can be applied in combination with other pest control agents, avoiding scorching sun and rainy days.
3. Ecological medicine
The main pests and diseases controlled by Zanthoxylum szechuan are: rust, anthracnose, gum disease (dry rot), red spider, aphid, and Zanthoxylum pepper.
Zanthoxylum pepper rust: generally occurs in mid-April ~ late May and early August ~ the end of October every year, and can be controlled by using "Dr. Pepper 80% zebsen zinc + Dr. Pepper 30% oximestrobin ·tebuconazole".
Anthranose: Anthracnose of Zanthoxylum pepper is more likely to occur in April ~ September, the disease spreads with the wind, and the disease is serious when it is rainy. It can be controlled by "Dr. Pepper 80% Dyszeb Zinc + Dr. Pepper 20% Benmechloraz".
Gummy disease (dry rot): At the beginning of May, the old disease spots begin to develop with the increase of temperature, spread with rain in June ~ July, and stop developing with the decrease in temperature after October. It can be treated with "Dr. Pepper 70% thiophanate-methyl".
Spider mite: There are 2 high incidence periods every year, the first time is March~May, and the second time is September~October. In the early stage of occurrence, it should be prevented and controlled in time, and long-term and low-toxicity pesticides can be used. It can be controlled with "Dr. Pepper 18% acitretinoxil 18%· spirodifen.
Aphids: Aphids occur more often from late March to mid-April, and can be controlled with "Dr. Pepper 350g/L imidacloprid + Dr. Pepper 9% thiaworm · perchlorofluorine".
Zanthoxylum pepper jumping beetle: 2~3 generations occur a year, the excavation activity begins in mid-April, the hatching begins in the second half of the month, and the adult enters the soil for wintering in early November. "Dr. pepper 3% emamectin benzoate · flulingurea" can be used for prevention and control.
Fourth, press the branches and strips
From late October to November, the work of pulling and pressing branches is carried out in a timely manner, during which the new branches are young and tender, and the degree of lignification is not large, you can choose to use wooden sticks to gently press the branches to 40 ° ~ 60 °, and press the branches once, which can enhance the photosynthesis of the pepper tree in the later stage, extend the fruiting part, and increase the yield.
Fifth, pick the tip on time
In December, the method of topping in time is to remove a small section of the top of the fruiting branch during the overwintering dormant period of Zanthoxylum bouliflora, which can control the growth advantage of the top of the branch, and make the nutrient reflux of the branch tip to supply flower bud differentiation and improve the fruit setting rate.
6. Timely picking
Although the harvest date varies from region to region, the harvest criteria are all rich green color, raised skin sutures, a small amount of cracking, and strong aroma. The early and late harvest will not only affect the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees, but also affect the potential of Zanthoxylum pepper trees and the amount of fruit set next year.