Because the growth of peach trees is too large, it is often easy to cause the two-level differentiation of branch potential and the deterioration of light in the middle and lower parts of the tree during the growth process. In mid-to-late August, the temperature gradually decreased, and most of the middle and lower new shoots naturally stopped growing one after another, and entered the nutritional stage of the year of utilization and transitioned to the storage and nutrition stage. The exception is very late-maturing varieties, which have to expand the fruit and new shoots to enter the long-term period of stopping. In addition to strengthening water and fertilizer management (leaf spraying, autumn application of base fertilizer, etc.), it is more important to shade the tree in the next year's good fruiting branches through autumn pruning, liberating it to achieve the basic branches, branches and leaves to see the light is more conducive to the formation of full flower buds, laying a good foundation for next year's bumper yield and stable yield.
1. As long as it is a strong tree, the tree that is not controlled by chemical control, whether it is the trunk shape, or the Y-shaped or happy tree shape, due to the different angles and densities of the main branches, there are also differences in the parts and methods of ventilation and light transmission, so as to truly achieve the purpose of increasing the yield of dense and rare pipes.
1. Trunk shape and Y-shape.
(1) The trunk-shaped plant spacing is dense between 1~1.5 meters, the garden leaves branches, the top of the trunk is upright and the top grows the strongest, and it is easy to appear strong and weak. Therefore, autumn shearing should be paid more attention.
(2) Y-shaped. This is the most widely planted tree shape that we promote in the country. Because the basal angle of the two main branches is small, the two main branches are open-shaped, and the tips are less dominant than the top of the main trunk, and they are also prone to the phenomenon of strong upper and weaker bottom. When it comes to the critical period of flower bud formation, it is also necessary to pay attention to autumn pruning.
2. The natural heart shape angle is large, the base angle of the main branch is 45~50 degrees, the waist angle is 65~70 degrees, and the tip angle is raised up to about 40 degrees. The light conditions in the inner hall are good, the general planting density is 3×4, due to the mistake of plastic pruning, many main branches have become 85~90 degrees, and even have a negative angle, which has become a flat result, and the area is a lot, which affects the operation path of the small electric tricycle walking. Because the angle of the main branch is too large, it is very easy to grow on the back and hit the umbrella branch (except for serious chemical control). Autumn shears are needed to solve the lighting and even modification treatment.
Second, the principle of autumn pruning is to balance the upper and lower tree potential, inhibit the top advantage, solve the relationship between the group and the individual, and finally achieve the overall basic ventilation and light transmission conditions, so that the leaves can reach the best and most effective leaves, and the maximization of light energy utilization is more conducive to the formation of high-quality flower buds and the maximization of stored nutrients.
1. Drop your head. For trunk shapes, Y-shapes or three-straight hearts with a long crown, the head can be dropped as long as the thickness of the head reaches 2.5 cm. Even if the head has fallen many years ago, it is necessary to clean up the top umbrella branches and cap branches, which are collectively referred to as falling heads. There are 2 benefits to falling on the head.
(1) It can weaken the top advantage in the second year, and the corresponding root and the upper part of the main branch have no leaves, and the corresponding root system will store less nutrients, which can naturally reduce the nutrients sent upwards and weaken.
(2) It can completely solve the problem of lower lighting. Because the main branch is erect or relatively upright, the upper part is prone to the phenomenon of large heads in the growth process, resulting in the deterioration of the middle and lower part of the light, and the complete removal of the large head branches is also called opening the skylight to brighten the hall, so that the upper and lower ventilation and light transmission. It can make the fruiting weak branches become strong branches, the chlorophyte photosynthetic efficiency is high, and the formation of flowers is inevitable, and the next year will bear a bunch of fruits. If the amount of pruning is large, it is called heavy.
(3) The trunk shape, Y-shaped, three-upright heart shape, and the middle shading branch is generally very few. In order to have more fruits, the thicker bully branches are left, that is, the fruit is long and long, and the longer and bigger the strip is naturally grown, and the harm to the wind and light is more obvious, and it must be completely thinned or retracted close to the branch of the main branch to solve the problem of deterioration of light in the lower part. Through the above two kinds of autumn shears, the relationship between individual and group ventilation and light transmission can be basically solved. The amount of pruning is small, which is called medium light.
(4) Because the lower part of the trunk shape and Y-shape is weak. Therefore, how many branches and leaves can not be pruned as much as possible, and some large branches that grow obliquely upwards affect the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the main branches can be solved by branching method. In general, it is not pruned, and the more effective leaves remain, the more nutrients are produced and stored, the more conducive to enhancing the lower branch potential, and the more conducive to balancing the upper and lower tree potential.
3. For the traditional big heart shape, the main autumn shears can remove the large umbrella branches on the back of the main branch. There are 3 ways to do this.
1. There are good fruiting branches or branch groups on both sides of the main branch, which can completely remove the umbrella branches and long branches, and liberate the good fruiting branches on both sides of the main branch to achieve ventilation and light transmission conditions.
2. If there are no branches on both sides of the trunk, you can use hand branches, other branches to play umbrella branches, and long branches to occupy the gap to cultivate the branch group to increase the yield.
3. The angle of the backbone main branch is too large, when it reaches 80~90 degrees, it is difficult to solve the relationship between the two sides of the main branch and the long growth on the back. Get better and more money.
Author: Wang Wankui, lecturer of Zhongnong Le Fruit Science Research Institute
Source: Zhongnongle