Text | Figure: Chengdu Haida
Taiwan loach, also known as Taiwan eel loach, has the reputation of "ginseng in water, king of loach", with the characteristics of large individual, fast growth, strong disease resistance and short breeding cycle. According to the data of the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook, the output of loaches in Sichuan and Chongqing will exceed 31,000 tons in 2023, which occupies a pivotal position in the aquaculture of Sichuan and Chongqing. The yield per mu is more than 6,000 mu at the level of 10,000 catties, especially after the high price of 17 yuan/jin in June last year, the breeding area has expanded, and it has become a hot "fragrant dumpling" at that time. Although the market in the same period this year is not good, under the market demand, breeding loaches is still profitable.
In the process of breeding in Sichuan for many years, three loach breeding modes have been continuously explored and summarized, as shown below.
No matter which breeding mode, it will face the "roasting" test during the high temperature period, and the water quality and substrate will deteriorate to varying degrees, which will directly affect the survival of loaches. Therefore, how to use reasonable breeding operation management to successfully pass the high temperature period is the key to the success of loach farming.
1. Seedling stage (within 30 days of breeding)
Due to its growth characteristics, loaches can reproduce a large number of splashes from March to October, and the overall development is relatively fast from July to September due to the high water temperature, but the survival of insect pests, bubble disease and gill mold are still more prominent. This year, there are many rainy weather in Sichuan, and gill mold has a direct impact on the survival rate of splashing, and more than 2 percent of the farmers have failed to release seedlings.
Therefore, it is necessary to control the fertility of the water body (to prevent bubble disease) at the seedling stage, to do a good job in the prevention of gill mold and the treatment of insect pests (wheel worms, ring worms), and to control the water quality mainly by changing the water from the bottom, supplemented by water exchange.
2. Adult fish stage (30-100+ days)
Adult fish culture is basically determined by the model, high density, high feeding, high yield brings high excretion, high metabolism, high load residue in the water body, ammonia nitrogen, sub-salt exceeding the standard is basically the normal problem of loach adult fish culture.
Long-term high ammonia nitrogen and excessive sub-salt will stress the gills to appear swollen, coagulation and other problems, especially with the advancement of the breeding process, the pH of the pond continues to decrease, the degree of acidification at the bottom is intensified, and it is easy to induce bacterial diseases such as rotten skin and bleeding.
Up to now, there have been a number of loaches in the Meishan area due to abnormal water quality "sudden death" problem, so the most important thing for loach breeding is to regulate water quality, according to the weather, pond conditions and existing conditions, to take the best and most powerful solutions to deal with the adjustment, timely add new water, alleviate the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen and sub-salt.
In view of the problem of water quality in adult fish aquaculture, the basic treatment idea is mainly to change the water and change the bottom, supplemented by bacterial and water transfer. Induced bacterial diseases are treated with oral administration to enhance immunity, and relatively mild drugs such as iodine preparations and Chinese patent medicines are used for adjuvant treatment after water purification, and the use of irritating drugs is reduced.
3. Feeding during high temperature periods
Loach culture grows relatively quickly from July to September, and the high nutrient requirement means that the feeding is relatively high, so it needs to change according to the specifications of different periods, and the daily feeding needs to be adjusted according to the pond conditions, weather, etc. Loach feeding adheres to the "three-energy principle" - how much can be fed, how long can be fed, how much can be fed, and how much can be fed.
High temperature period is not only the peak period of the problem but also the golden period of growth, do a good job in the daily management of ponds, strengthen water quality, substrate control, reduce aquaculture loss is an important measure related to the success of aquaculture, in addition, according to the market situation, timely fish is also the key factor in the reversal of aquaculture profits.
If you have any questions about breeding technology, please leave a comment, or consult the Haid team around you.
END
This article is the original of Haida Agriculture and Animal Husbandry (WeChat ID: haid002311), unauthorized reprinting is prohibited! Article submission, reprint authorization, welcome to send an email to: [email protected]