Zhu Ziqing during the United Nations General Assembly | Yunnan, 1940
One day when I got off work in the heavy rain, there were more than a dozen lights waiting for the zoo elevated, and I was bored to brush Xiaohongshu and saw Li Yu's "broken array" posted by netizens: the most hasty resignation temple day, the teaching workshop still played a farewell song, so I memorized it over and over again, and when I finished reciting my lips and teeth, I haven't passed the intersection yet.
Then I thought about what my daughter asked: Why does memorizing vernacular feel a little nutritious and can't keep up? That is, taking "The Preface to King Teng's Pavilion" as a pickle all day long and then reciting Zhu Ziqing, so that anyone will have a dull mouth
The girl also complained that there is often less "yes" in the vernacular, or it is interesting to memorize ancient texts and ancient poems. I was speechless, I could only say that "Hurry" is a must-have text for the sixth class! Besides, the famous sentences in it are also quite classic
"Norms" are written as "norms", and "cruel" is written as "miserable". The Complete Works of Lu Xun. Morning Flowers and Sunset", People's Literature Publishing House, 1956 edition
When reciting the articles of the masters of the Republic of China, it will also make my children feel embarrassed, such as some language habits and some words, and even some punctuation marks, which are "unconventional".
After all, at that time, vernacular Chinese had just begun to be popularized, and Mandarin had not yet been proposed. "It" has not yet been invented, men use "he", women use "Yi", and later Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, Zhu Ziqing and others began to use "she", and some women refuted that the words on the side of the female character are all bad words, such as rape, jealousy, jealousy, delusion, etc., and the master replied that "good" is also the side of the female character.
There are also common words in the vernacular of the Republic of China period have not been standardized, read more books of the Republic of China, you will often see "wisdom", "morning", "noise", "offering", "rumors", "heart reward", "stinging halberd", "exciting", "hairy tiger", "fierce", etc., don't treat them as typos, it is the continuous attempts and accumulation of masters that we have the vernacular text that we now standardize
Today's recitation is the text of Liuxia, Mr. Zhu Ziqing's "Hurry":
The swallow has gone, and there is a time to come again; The willows are withered, and there is a time when they are green again; The peach blossoms are gone, and there is a time to bloom again. But, wise one, tell me, why are our days gone? - Someone stole them: who is that? Where is it hidden? They fled on their own: where are they now?
When the swallow comes, there is a time to go again; The willows are green, and there is a time to wither again; The peach blossoms are blooming, and there is a time to thank again......
Am I back wrong? ♂️ What do you say your child likes to do the most? Subvert! Let's go east and west! Then let's just turn our backs and wait until you've laughed enough and remember, and then come over.
The hardest essay to write is to discuss! Discuss! Wen! Teacher Zhu Ziqing has already given a good way to start an argumentative essay: directly rank the sentences, and then ask and answer yourself, isn't there a beginning of a paragraph?
The statue of Zhu Ziqing by the lotus pond | On April 26, 1987, the 76th anniversary of the founding of Tsinghua University was established
I don't know how many days they gave me; But my hands are becoming empty. Silently reckoning, more than eight thousand days have slipped out of my hands; Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea, my days drop in the flow of time, there is no sound, there is no shadow. I can't help but look up
涔cén 涔 and tears shān 潸 shān 潸.
More than 8,000 days: So how old was Zhu Ziqing when he wrote "Hurry"?
Li Bai said: Ten years and 36,000 days, you must drink 300 cups a day. If Li Bai lived to be 100 years old, how many glasses of wine would he need to drink in total?
10,800,000 cups! Translated: 10.8 million cups.
"Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea", this sentence is always inaccurate, not multiple "of", that is, less "drop", since it is memorized, it is not a rewriting, because at that time the vernacular was just budding, so even the sentences of great writers are not the same as the current language habits
We can try to play with "Shandong-style flip":
Like a needle tip dripping into the sea
Like the tip of a needle on the water, it drops in the sea
Like a drop of water dripping on the tip of a needle
Like a drop of water in the ocean on the tip of a needle
Like the tip of a needle in the ocean dripping on a drop of water
Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea......
Though he who goes, he who comes; How did you rush in the middle of coming? When I got up in the morning, the sun was shining in the hut. The sun he has feet, softly and quietly
Nonuó moved; I also followed the Xuan xuán to zhuǎn in a daze. And so: when the hands are washed, the days pass by in the basin of water; When eating, the days pass by in the bowl of rice; When he was silent, he passed in front of his eyes. I noticed that he was in a hurry, and when I stretched out my hand to cover it, he passed by the hand that was covering it, and when it was dark, I was lying on the bed, and he stepped over me and flew at my feet. When I opened my eyes and said goodbye to the sun, it was another day slipping away. I hid my face and sighed. But the shadow of the new day began to pass by in sighs again.
Rotation: Reading three tones is rotation, and reading four tones is revolution
Every time I recite: when eating, the days are ......
Momoko immediately interrupted me: Do you eat without washing your hands?!
This wonderful passage can be imitated:
When you take a bath, the days pass by in the shower; When the egg boy is in the time, the days pass in the eggy; When you are in a daze, you pass before the eyes of wisdom......
Or: when you wash your hands, the days pass by in the basin of water; When eating, the days pass by in the basin of water; In silence, the days pass through the condensed basin...... The main one is multi-purpose
Momoko says that this part is exactly a cycle, you see: when I opened my eyes and said goodbye to the sun, the sun shot into the hut in two or three oblique directions...... It's also smooth
Zhu Ziqing's family | In 1947, in front of the house in the north courtyard of Tsinghua Garden, from left: Zhu Maixian (eldest son), Chen Zhuyin, Zhu Rongjun (fourth daughter), Zhu Ziqing, Zhu Siyu (fourth son), Zhu Qiaosen (third son)
What can I do in the days when I am on the run, in a world of thousands of doors? only
Wandering pái wandering huái, only hurrying; In the rush of more than 8,000 days, what is left but wandering? The days of the past are like light smoke, blown away by the breeze, like a thin mist, evaporated by the early sun; What traces do I have? How have I ever left a trace like a gossamer? I came to this world naked, and in the blink of an eye, I will go back naked? But it can't be flat, why do you want to go through this in vain?
Tell me, you wise, why are our days gone?
The front is: smart, you tell me, and the back is: you are smart, tell me. This paragraph is not required to be memorized, so you can be lazy
Zhu Ziqing (second from left) who first arrived at Tsinghua University In 1925, Tsinghua Garden, the fourth from the left is Yu Pingbo, who wrote "Hurry" the following year
Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Zhu Zihua, was admitted to the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in 1916, and changed his name to "Ziqing" in order to be wary of his own different currents and dirt in the predicament·. At that time, his teachers who taught philosophy at Peking University included Hu Shi, Ma Xulun, Zhang Shizhao, Yang Changji, Jiang Menglin, Liang Shuming and so on, what a happiness!
Tsinghua University Council Meeting Minutes | On June 7, 1934, Zhu Ziqing was elected as a member of the school council and secretary of the professors' council at the university's professors' meeting
In 1919, when he was a junior in college, he published his debut novel "Sleep, Little Man", wrote this "Hurry" in 1922, and was introduced to the Department of Chinese Literature of Tsinghua University in 1925 by his friend Yu Pingbo.
Tsinghua University has a convention: for every five years of work, professors have one year off and can study abroad at public expense. Five years later, in 1931, Mr. Zhu took a train from Harbin to Europe via Siberia to study at the University of London.
Zhu Ziqing in Europe | 1932 year
"Hurry" was written on March 28, 1922, and published on April 11 in the "Shishi Xinbao· Literary Periodical", he was 24 years old at the time, exactly "more than 8,000 days" as mentioned in the article, and was working as a teacher at Taizhou Sixth Normal School at that time.
At that time, Zhu Ziqing believed in "instantaneism" (he also called it "neutral outlook on life" or "harmony in daily life"). He believes that in their daily lives, many young people "only 'worry about the past and worry about the future', waste all their time, leave behind everything that should be done in front of them, and add materials for the future." Therefore, he advocated an attitude of life of "discarding the mysteries and focusing on reality."
Yu Pingbo to Zhu Ziqing | On July 31, 1923, "Qin Huai Chu Fan, Cheng Pei Xian Brother: Lights and Shadows Labor Water Shuttle, Powder Fragrance Deep Love Songs. Rouge is a rouge halo, and there are many sisters in Qingxi. Twelve, seventh, thirty-one, the day of the breakup, Nanjing, Yu"
Zhu Ziqing talked about the origin of the writing of this article in a letter to Yu Pingbo: The days come and go, and I can't help myself. I know it's boring, but it's hard to get rid of. 'Regret in retrospective' is something that cannot be self-contained. Because of this feeling of regret, it causes a sense that time cannot be left behind. I would like to write this sentiment into a poem called "Hurry".
Ziqingting | Founded in 1978, Tsinghua University commemorates the 30th anniversary of Zhu Ziqing's death
I've written poetry, I've written novels, I've written prose. Before the age of twenty-five, he liked to write poetry...... I think novels are very difficult to write, not to mention long stories, even short stories, and I will never learn the strict structure of the economy! I don't know what to do with my materials and make them their right. As for drama, I never dared to get involved. I mostly write a lot of prose. Since they cannot apply the laws of pure literature, and they inevitably have something to say, they have to say it casually. [Zhu Ziqing's "Back · Preface"]
So Li Guangtian said that he:
Know the limits of your talents, know your weaknesses and strengths, and express yourself honestly.
Zhu Ziqing and the 1948 graduates of the Department of Chinese | Second row from left: Xu Weishu, Yu Guanying, Feng Zhongyun, Zhu Ziqing, Pu Jiangqing, Chen Mengjia, Wang Yao; The fourth from the left in the third row is Ji Zhenhuai, the sixth from the left is Zhu Dexi, and the seventh from the left is Li Guangtian
Among these students, Yu Guanying later became an authority on the interpretation of the Book of Songs; Wang Yao followed Zhu Ziqing during the Southwest Associated Congress, and later wrote "Manuscript of the History of New Chinese Literature"; Although Li Guangtian, who wrote the long narrative poem "Ashima", is already a colleague of Zhu Ziqing, he belongs to the younger generation.
In fact, Zhu Ziqing was also like Xu Zhimo and Dai Wangshu at the beginning, he liked to write poetry, and he liked to write long poems like Wen Yiduo, so why did he turn to prose later?
On December 9, 1922, the long poem "Destruction" was written, the original manuscript was written in branches, and the manuscript paper was six or seven meters long. - So rewrite the prose.
If you try to add a few more carriage returns to this "Hurry", wouldn't it be a long poem! It turned out that Mr. Zhu wrote prose to respect the paper!
Zhu Ziqing's diary | Collection of the National Museum
His student and later writer Wei Jinzhi recalled: At that time, he was short and chubby in body, with a square face, with a green cloth coat and a flat head, completely like a country man. The Yangzhou official dialect is not very easy to understand, but from the time I got on the podium, I always continued to talk until the end of class. It seems that before the class, he had already recited a lot of words, how many times. I'm afraid that every minute and second of time will be wasted, so I always stammer. However, because of his slight stuttering, the prepared words inevitably squeezed in his throat. So he was even more anxious, and he was sweating profusely. - is the "head dripping" in "Hurry".
Although Zhu Ziqing is a poet, his prose can still be full of that kind of poetry, and among the prose writers of the Literary Research Association, in addition to Bingxin, the beauty of the article is him. [Yu Dafu's Introduction to Modern Prose · New Literature]
The "Literary Research Society" mentioned by Yu Dafu was initiated in 1920 by Zheng Zhenduo, Shen Yanbing, and Ye Shengtao, and Zhu Ziqing was one of the early members. Ye Shengtao said "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", "Qinhuai River in the Sound of Oars and Lights", and "Hurry": they are all a bit contrived, too rhetorical, and not very natural...... The words of the paper are smooth and clear, and I can't find any mistakes, but I always feel that I lack a soul, a kind of vitality contained in spoken language.
"Hurry", "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" and other famous essays are too low, and now the prose in the general supplement (regardless of the famous one) is higher than that of "Hurry", even if the most famous "Back", the author has shed tears too many times...... Thanks to the fat father's writing on the platform to buy oranges, otherwise the full text is really touching. [Xia Zhiqing, History of Modern Chinese Novels]
Some of Zhu Ziqing's works I've seen | Talking about Tiger Zhaizang
When writing vernacular texts, I have to do some practice for speaking...... The dregs have been washed away, and the refined speech is more refined than usual, but it is still the ideal vernacular text that is still spoken (that is, some words are still verbal words, and some intonations are still verbal tones, otherwise, it will not be a vernacular text when written down). [Zhu Ziqing's "Intensive Reading Guidance"]
The textbooks published by the People's Education Publishing House have successively included "Green", "Spring", "Hurry", "Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, and required students to memorize some passages.
Zhu Ziqing's memorial service | The elder in the middle caftan is Mei Yiqi, president of Tsinghua University