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*This article is excerpted from the third volume of Chiping Literary and Historical Materials (January 1995), written by Zhang Dengheng, with the original title "Memories of the Revolutionary Struggle in Boping's Underground"
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In 1937, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the flames of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression raged in northwest Shandong. Han Fuji, who served as chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Province and commander-in-chief of the Third Group Army, abandoned the mountain and fled southeast without a fight. For a time, all kinds of local armed forces, bandit leaders, and stragglers rose up in a hurry, pulled up all kinds of teams, and ran rampant in the townships, each dominating one side, making the common people miserable. Under the influence of our party's anti-Japanese ideology and national salvation, General Fan Zhuxian, commissioner of the Sixth District, who was in favor of resisting Japan, actively cooperated with the Communist Party, and automatically took on the task of collecting and transforming all kinds of local armed forces, and incorporated them into more than 30 detachments, becoming the most active force in the anti-Japanese armed forces in northwestern Shandong at that time. Under the leadership of the county party committee, the county party committee organized the masses, mobilized the masses, recruited party members, established armed forces, and waged the struggle against the enemy, so that the mass anti-Japanese struggle could be vigorously carried out under very difficult conditions.
Participatory Revolution
Witnessing the invasion of the mainland by the Japanese devils and the corruption and incompetence of the Kuomintang, I was very anxious and anxious, and often quietly told the students and villagers some patriotic thoughts. In the autumn of 1938, I was introduced by Comrade Zhang Dengzhi, an underground party member of the party, and I honorably joined the Communist Party of China and became a loyal Communist Party member. The tasks assigned to me were to keep secret documents and letters for the Party, to put up posters and slogans at night to promote the anti-Japanese struggle and to save the country, and to engage in underground work for the Party, embarking on the road of revolution.
Our village is in Bopingxi, a distance of Sanhuali, and it is a remote and poor small village with only 60 or 70 households, and it is also a place where the responsible comrades of some halls in the district and Gu often pass and live. Guo Shaoying, director of the Baochuan Department of the Yundong Prefectural Party Committee, Wang Fuhai, secretary of the county party committee, Zhang Jinping, director of the organization department, and Liu Zhenqi, director of the propaganda department, have all lived in our village. Later, Comrade Zhao Zhenqing was transferred to work as enemy workers, and he took his family members and Comrade Li Huaguang to work in our village to engage in enemy work. I know that it is very dangerous to deal with people who dare to do it, and every time my comrades go to the enemy's stronghold, I sweat for them, and at the same time I hope that I can do more arduous and dangerous work for the party. One day, one of our underground party comrades said to me: "Now that the enemy situation is very tense, you can take us to the stronghold." So I took them to avoid the enemy's investigations, went to the Yangguantun stronghold, and met Comrade Liu Tongwen.
Destroy the enemy's communication network
In June and July 1937, according to the instructions of the county party committee, it was decided to disrupt the enemy's communications. Our community is responsible for the section from Xiguan to Chenjiapu, about ten miles. At that time, the district party committee had Li Xiyu, Zhang Dengzhi, Guo Qingtang and other comrades. After accepting the task, after research, it was decided to gather on the southwest kiln of Doujiatang, which was relatively safe and hidden. More than 100 people from five or six villages, including Laiyuan Zhangzhuang, Doujiatang, Guozhuang, Yangzhuang, and Zhangyuezhuang, all arrived at the meeting place on time with axes, saws, pliers, and other tools. That night, although there was moonlight, it was sometimes bright and sometimes dark, and it was lined up. The green yarn account that has just grown up has brought great convenience to our actions. Before the action, the group was divided into villages, and Comrade Li Xiyu made a simple mobilization and talked about the precautions; He told everyone not to panic when moving, we have set up sentry posts at both ends, and if we find the enemy coming out, we will quickly disperse and hide with grenades. After mobilizing, we waited for a while, and about the enemy in the stronghold had fallen asleep, and we began to operate. Some use axes to cut down, others use saws, and after the poles are cut down, the wires are cut with pliers and the wires are tied into bundles. Everyone worked quickly and neatly, and no one spoke, except for the click of the tongs pinching the wires. After several hours of intense fighting, all the power poles within ten miles of this section were felled, and each person carried a large bundle of wires on their backs, quietly returned to their respective villages, and buried the wires. Thanks to the strict organization and unity of the people, the task of destroying the enemy's communications network was successfully accomplished, and the enemy was dealt a great blow.
Fall on one's feet
In the summer of 1941, one day Comrade Wang Fuhai, secretary of the county party committee, said to me: "Comrade Dengheng, there is a shortage of carved wax plates in the county. I said, "Yes!" To where? He said: "When you go to a village in Baying, you prepare first, and I will send someone to send you there." "Two days later, Comrade Wang Fuhai informed me to go to Yinzhuang to find Comrade Yin Xuting. After I found Comrade Yin Xuting, he sent someone to send me, from Yin Zhuang to Baying to pass through Xuqiao, Huanjiadian and other villages, Yin Zhuang and Xuqiao are separated by a Tuxiao River, there is a bridge on the river, the person who sent me said: "The devil is repairing wires on the highway, we can't cross the highway, we have to cross the river in the water." As we spoke, we could hear the chirping of the devils on the highway, but fortunately there were sirders in the way, and the enemy could not see us, so we both crossed the river with waist-deep water. When I arrived at Pantang, I met Comrade Li Buyun. Then he took me to the carry-back shop. Comrade Li Buyun carried a straw basket, put documents in an old cloth pocket, and pretended to be a farmer to visit relatives; for safety, we avoided the main road and walked south to north along the small road between the two crop fields, with sorghum fields in the west and corn fields in the east. After a while, I was sweating; When there were five or six meters from the ground road, suddenly two bicycles rode from west to east, because there was a sorghum field in the way, they did not notice it in advance, and it was too late to hide. The two cyclists stopped the car with a clatter, jumped out of the car, took out the box gun from his waist, and one of the leaders pointed the gun at us and shouted, "What is it?" Come here! "When I saw that these two boys were dressed like good people, I thought to myself. At this time, I saw Comrade Li Buyun say unhurriedly: "I went to my relatives to see the patient." Then he asked, "Why don't you take the main road?" I said, "There are devils over there, and they don't dare to go." When the two people heard that there were devils, they looked at each other, looked a little nervous, and quickly asked how many there were. As soon as I found out that these two boys did not look like the hardcore traitors of the devils, they must be the people of the three teams, so I took advantage of the contradictions between the traitors, the devils and the three teams to scare: "Messing around, screaming and screaming, I heard a lot." Another person pointed to Li Buyun's pocket and asked, "What are you carrying?" Comrade Li Buyun glanced at him and said, "It's nothing, you can touch it." The man touched it, and oh, and said let's go. The two of them got on their bikes and hurried away. We left here and continued walking, and as we went, I asked Comrade Li Buyun: "Why did you let him touch his pocket?" Do you know him? Li Buyun said: "He is from a certain village, he is a detective in the third detachment, and he sympathizes with us, I think he will not make a noise when he finds out, if it doesn't work, we will fight with him." We walked for a while, arrived at the driving shop, met Dong Mingyi and Dong Mingfan, stayed at Dong Mingfan's house for one night, and the next day we went to Xiaying Village, where we stayed at Comrade Xia Yuting's house, and hid in a dark hut to carve wax plates for the party's propaganda materials. I worked there for more than half a year, and then I was transferred back to my village.
Rescue traffic officers
In the spring of 1941, Comrade Zhang Dengzhi informed me that I had been approved by the county party committee to be a member of the district party committee, and that the work of the district party committee was dominated by Li Xiyu, as well as Zhang Dengzhi and Liu Fawen. Comrade Guo Qingtang was transferred to work in the east of the city. The district party committee held a secret meeting at Liu Fa's house in Xuguantun. Not long after, Comrade Li Xiyu was transferred to the work of the county party committee, and then Comrade Zhang Dengzhi was transferred to another task. Before leaving, he said to me: I am in charge of the village primary school, Comrade Liu Fazhi and I are jointly responsible for the work of the community, and Comrade Wang Fuhai, secretary of the county party committee, is in charge of this area, and he often lives in our village, so he wants us to contact Comrade Wang Fuhai directly if we have something. Comrade Guo Shaoying also often came to live in the village. After Zhang Dengzhi left, Comrade Wang Fuhai moved to my house. Comrade Fuhai is of medium height, dressed as a peasant, has a cheerful personality, has a steady style, and is spicy and thoughtful in his work, which has a deep impression on me and has a great influence on me. Our village is bounded by the family temple and is divided into two rows, east and west. One day in March or April, I was in school when I heard shouts outside: "Arrest, arrest!" After careful investigation, I knew that Comrade Lin Mengbai, a traffic officer of the prefectural party committee, was caught by a traitor, and I hurriedly reported the situation to Comrade Fuhai, and Comrade Fuhai said to hurry up and try to rescue. After speaking, he immediately wrote a letter, asking Zhang Tianlong to hand it over to Comrade Dou Rihan, who had entered the puppet army and served as Zhang Tiancheng's secretary, and asked him to take care of the arrested comrades. Comrade Fuhai immediately convened a meeting of several comrades of the county party committee to study the rescue method. After Comrade Lin Mengbai was arrested, he was severely tortured by the puppet army, pressed the bars and poured cold water, but he would rather die than give in, and did not admit anything. After the efforts of the underground party of the county party committee, Comrade Lin Mengbai was finally rescued. Later, Comrade Lin Mengbai died honorably in the anti-sweep.
Bloody
In 1941, after Luo Zhaorong, the head of the traitor regiment, was taken over by the Kuomintang, the environment in Boping deteriorated day by day, and incidents of the enemy massacring the families of the Eighth Route Army and the underground workers of our party occurred from time to time. From 1942 to 1944, Chen Dianming was killed in the east of the city, Meng Zhaoke was killed in the north of the city, and Comrade Dou Rihan, an underground party member who had penetrated into the inner work of the puppet army, was openly killed at the head of Wangqiao Bridge, and in 1942, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was in the most difficult period, and it was also the time when the traitor Luo Zhaorong's counter-revolutionary arrogance was the most arrogant. I alone know that there are Comrade Xu Qinghe's family in Xiaoxuzhuang, Comrade Lang Jingru's family in Langying, as well as comrades such as Chen Shaoran in Duzhuang and Wang Rijun in Jiazhuang, all of whom died under Luo Zhaorong's butcher's knife. During the Spring Festival in 1943, the traitor Luo Zhaorong thought that Comrade Yue Zhiqing of Yue Zhuang would definitely go home for the New Year, and went to his house to search for him on the night of the Chinese New Year's Eve. The traitor Luo Zhaorong killed people like hemp, and he was too poisonous to my underground party members, anti-Japanese family members, and innocent people, some of them were openly killed, some were assassinated, some were secretly buried alive at night, and some of them could not even find their bodies after they were killed. People say that "Luozhuang is a mass grave." "The underground party and the revolutionary people were not intimidated by the slaughter of the enemy, and under extremely difficult conditions, waged a more concealed and arduous struggle against the enemy. In the autumn of 41, the county party committee secretly set up a headquarters for instigating the uprising of the puppet army, under the direct command of Comrade Guo Shaoying, director of the propaganda department of the prefectural party committee, and Comrade Wang Fuhai, secretary of the county party committee. After a long period of deliberation, the plan of action was ready. The main task of our village party branch was to print propaganda materials and appoint letters of appointment to the insurrectionists. The headquarters is located in my village, because I am a primary school teacher in the village, it is easy for people to deal with, the elderly, brothers and sisters-in-law are the basic people, and our family is a separate courtyard, so it is convenient to move. The documents of the county party committee were kept in my home, and I wrapped them up and put them in the sandwich wall of the mill and then plastered them with mud, and there was never a problem.
Yosei Toraguchi
In the summer of 1944, I received a notice from Comrade Xu Defu of the liaison station that the county party committee would hold an enlarged meeting at the junction of Qing (Qingping County), Bo (Boping), and Tang (Tangyi County), that is, in the area of Weiwan Houzhai, and asked me to inform Comrade Li Fuqiang to participate in the meeting. Because people could not arrive in time, the meeting was postponed again and again, and it was postponed for several days before the official meeting, and the meeting came back just in time for the microphone. One day after dinner, I went out and met Zhang Tianhui, who was a puppet army, because they were all from a village, so I had a few words with him, he asked me to go to see the cards, I said that I was passing the microphone, there was no leisure, and I walked to the west of the village while talking, and a bunch of people in the west of the village were chatting. After a while, the traitor Luo Zhaorong's herald Zhang Denglong followed, and Zhang Denglong was also from the village. Someone asked him what he was doing, and he squeaked twice and left the village. Zhang Tianhui asked me to go to the east of the village to play again. After a while, my brother came to me in a panic, pinned me to an alley and said, "Oh no, Luo Zhaorong has sent troops to arrest you, let's go!" "Without further ado, I quickly informed Zhang Dengwen and asked him to leave quickly. I hid in Sanlizhuang to my Aunt Yang's house. I hid at my aunt's house for the night, and I didn't hear anything. After dawn, I said to my aunt, you go to the house to see what is going on, I will wait for you in the northwest field. My aunt walked in front, and I followed behind and kept a distance of forty or fifty meters from her. As soon as my aunt came out of the village, she was greeted by one or twenty puppet soldiers, and before they could find me, I turned around and walked towards the village, and the puppet army went in the direction of Doujiatang. After letting go, I walked out of the village to the north, and saw more than 20 puppet soldiers going southwest from the northeast road, so I deliberately walked slowly, and let go again, thinking about why there are so many puppet soldiers today, I was pondering, and when I looked up, I saw the smoke billowing in the village, straight into the sky, which was the location of my house. Then came a gunshot. I thought to myself that I couldn't go back to the village, so I hurriedly walked from the back of Niuzhuang to Chengzhuang, found Comrade Li Changfa, asked him to go to Zhangzhuang to inquire about the situation, and then went to Jingzhuang to find me. It was only at two or three o'clock in the afternoon that the inquirer told me that Luo Zhaorong's traitors had raided my house and asked my mother for help, but my mother insisted that she didn't know, so they beat my mother up and threw her into the pigsty. The house was also burned, and 30 people were arrested in the village, and later I learned that Comrade Dou Tiande, a member of the Communist Party of Doutang, and my aunt's family of three in Sanlizhuang, and my brother-in-law, cousin, and cousin were also arrested.
The mother was severely beaten
After dinner on the twentieth day of the fourth month of the leap month, the traitor Luo Zhaorong sent four or five heralds to my house to look for me, and when he saw my father, he asked, "Is Zhang Dengheng at home?" Head Luo said let him be a gentleman. "My father said he wasn't at home. Then I poured water for them to drink, and stabilized the traitors, and then my brother sent me a letter. When a few traitors saw that I was not there, they said to my father, "Let's go back first, and we'll talk about it tomorrow." I know that Luo Zhaorong, the murderous devil, will not be good to find me. Just in case, only my parents were left to watch the house and sleep in the backyard, and the rest went to sleep at the neighbor's house, Zhang Dengju. At twelve o'clock in the middle of the night, Luo Zhaorong personally led two or three squadrons, murderous, with a great tendency to wash Zhangzhuang in blood, and ordered the puppet army to surround the three villages (Dongzhang, Xizhang and Xiaozhaozhuang), and then ordered the herald to call my door. When my mother got up and saw that things were wrong, she said to my father, "Go away quickly, and leave me alone to deal with them." Then he went to open the door. The puffing knock on the door became louder and louder, and in the dark of the night, it gave people a sense of horror in the middle of the night. Before my mother could reach the door, the traitor knocked the door down, and a traitor came up and grabbed my mother and shouted, "Where is your son?" "My mother didn't come back when she said that, and before she could finish speaking, the traitors hit my mother with their heads and faces, and some of them even smashed them with the butts of their guns, which were really more ferocious than wild beasts. After beating for a while, the mother snorted, but the traitors who lost their humanity still refused to stop, and asked while beating: "Where did your son go?" "My mother lived in the enemy's life, and she didn't know how to fight, until she was beaten to death, and the traitor saw that she had passed out, so he threw her into the pigsty. The traitors shot at will, searched from house to house, and made the people in the village panic, restless, and chaotic. My father escaped and ran to the house of Zhang Pengxing, a farmer, who was very ill, and Zhang Pengxing said: "If anyone asks you here, they will say that you are my brother and take care of me." "And so out of danger. My brother also took refuge in a widow's house, hiding from the enemy. But my wife, who was hiding in Zhang Deng's house, and her ten-year-old son, my eldest sister and her two children, were all searched out and taken away by traitors; The clothes and quilts of the house were also looted, and before leaving, the house was set on fire, and twenty or thirty people were taken away from the village. My mother was thrown into a dung pit and slowly woke up, her feet were beaten by the old man to expose her bones, and her legs were swollen and thick, and she couldn't stand up. Later, when the day dawned and the traitors got out, my mother climbed into the lower room and saw the flat blue eggs that had survived the catastrophe; Bring the eggs and crawl towards my aunt's house in Balizhuang, and rest for a while when I am tired of climbing; Then just keep climbing; Drink a few raw eggs when you're hungry. Painful, tired and hungry along the way; I really suffered a lot of sin, and I thought that I would die anyway, but when I thought of the whereabouts of my relatives and the revenge was not avenged, my mother mustered up the courage again, and crawled for a day and a night, until the next day, when it was dark, I met an acquaintance who brought a letter to my aunt's house, which was picked up by my cousin and sent to my aunt's house in Fanzhuang. My mother stayed at my aunt's house for a few days, and to see that the wind had eased somewhat, my mother went back to the village.
Deep hatred
After escaping from the village, I found the county council. When I saw my loved ones, my grief could not be expressed in words, and the fire of revenge burned in my heart, I just asked for the immediate assignment of work from the organization and the immediate participation in the armed struggle. The secretary of the county party committee said: "Comrades, don't worry, there is work." He was very sympathetic to my family's plight and gave me great comfort, and asked his secretary, Comrade Yu Zhendong, to rest with me.
At this time, Luo Zhaorong discussed with Chief of Staff Xue Yingchuan, lured me to surrender, and asked Zhang Dengyin, the head of the traitor district, to complete it. One day when I was in the Shilipu market in Qingping County, I met my cousin Wu Qingyuan in Balizhuang, and he told me about the situation at home and so on. I told him that if anyone in the family was looking for me, he would come here. A few days later, my second sister came, and she said that Zhang Dengyin said to our mother: "Tell you to go back, if you are willing to do things, you can do things at Luo Zhaorong's place, if you don't want to do things, you can pay for the passage in Kanto." "He also said that as long as I go back, I can release the villagers and their families. Zhang Dengyin also said that he and Qiu Boping were guarantors to ensure that I was fine. Why don't I want my fellow villagers and relatives to escape from the fire pit and be free? But I know it's a plot of the enemy, and if I do go back, they will have to take me and bury me alive. I reported the situation to Comrade Wang Fuhai, and he said what you should think about, and I said: "I can't go back, I can stay in the green mountains, I am not afraid of running out of firewood, I will rely on the organization to take revenge." Comrade Fuhai said: "Yes! The enemy owes us too much blood debt, and we must pay it back. ”
Luo Zhaorong saw that the temptation could not be achieved, so he came to deceive and deceive my father, saying that if Qiu Boping was allowed to be a guarantor, he could let his family and fellow villagers go.
Qiu Boping was Luo Zhaorong's adjutant and my eldest sister's brother-in-law, and according to this social relationship, my father believed it and hurried to Qiu Boping's house from ten miles away, and when he arrived at Qiu Boping's house, it was already dark. Qiu said: "Why are you here, how dangerous it is!" Luo Zhaorong has been here for a day, and he has just been gone for a while, haven't you thrown yourself into the net. Have you eaten, bring two dry food, and go back quickly. ”
The enemy saw that the deception and deception were not successful, so in the autumn and winter of the same year, he made a poisonous move. The traitors who lost their conscience made Zhang Pengxin, Zhang Tianliang and my neighbor Zhang Dengju's family of five live, saying that they were hiding my family. My eldest sister and two children met on the afternoon of the accident, and one of my teenage sons, Zhang Jinzhong, was also buried alive, and Comrade Dou Tiande, a member of the Communist Party of Dou Jiatang, a total of 12 people, were buried alive in a pit. My family fled the country, those who were arrested were arrested, and only my grandmother, who was in her eighties, was left unattended and starved to death in a dilapidated house. Whenever I think of these blood feuds, my heart can't be calm for a long time.
Embark on a new journey
After my family and fellow villagers were killed, my father found me and wept bitterly, and I was very sad in my heart, but I didn't cry. Although my family was ruined for the revolution, my father never complained about me, what a good old man. After some time, my brother came with my mother in a wheelbarrow. In this meeting, the relatives all escaped death, which was really sad and joyful, sad that they lost their loved ones, and happy that the rest of the people were reunited. Since then, my family has lived in exile, and during this time, I have been able to escape through several sweeps.
At the beginning of 1946, when the spring breeze blew and the dark clouds dispersed, the Eighth Route Army liberated Boping County, established the county and district political power, mobilized the masses to eliminate bandits and oppose hegemony, and the struggle was in full swing. The party's grassroots organizations have become more powerful and stronger, the masses have risen up, captured alive those traitors who have committed the most heinous crimes, and avenged their hatred, and the masses of the people have begun to raise their eyebrows and smile.
In order to carry the revolution through to the end, in the autumn of 1948, in accordance with the needs of the party, I was among the first to leave my hometown, where I was born and raised, and to shed blood desperately, and embarked on a new revolutionary journey with the army.
Sources:
Chiping Literature and History Materials, Volume 3 (January 1995)