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This article reviews the Third Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee since the reform and opening up
The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held a meeting on June 27 to study the issue of further deepening reform in an all-round way and promoting Chinese-style modernization. The meeting decided that the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will be held in Beijing from 15 to 18 July. The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee listened to a report on the solicitation of opinions on the draft of the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization" within a certain range of internal and external parties, and decided to submit the draft document to the Third Plenary Session of the 20 th CPC Central Committee for deliberation after revising it in accordance with the opinions discussed at the meeting.
Since the reform and opening up, the Third Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee has usually taken reform as the theme and put forward important directions for economic and social development and economic system reform. Below, let us review the previous Third Plenary Sessions of the CPC Central Committee in the new era.
1
The Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee
Time: December 18-22, 1978
The meeting proposed to "shift the focus of the whole party's work to socialist modernization." Since then, China has entered a period of comprehensive economic construction, and the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee has ushered in a new era of reform and opening up.
The plenum criticized the erroneous policy of "two whatevers," fully affirmed the need to completely and accurately grasp the scientific system of Mao Zedong Thought, and spoke highly of the discussion on the issue of practice being the only criterion for testing truth. We should resolutely stop using the slogan of "taking class struggle as the key link" and make the historic decision to shift the focus of the work of the party and the state to economic construction and to carry out reform and opening up; It was decided to improve the party's democratic centralism, strengthen the party's leading organs, establish the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and elect Chen Yun as first secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. The plenary session marked the re-establishment of the ideological, political and organizational line of Marxism by the Communist Party of China, the realization of a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the beginning of the great journey of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.
The mainland's reform and opening up was opened by this plenary session, and Deng Xiaoping Theory gradually took shape and developed. As a result, the CPC began a historic transformation from "taking class struggle as the key link" to taking economic construction as the center, from rigidity and semi-rigidity to comprehensive reform, and from being closed and semi-closed to opening up to the outside world.
2
The Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee
Date: October 20, 1984
The meeting adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Reform of the Economic System", which stipulates the tasks, nature, and various principles and policies of the reform of the economic system with a focus on cities. It is proposed that the socialist economy is a planned commodity economy on the basis of public ownership.
The "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on the Reform of the Economic System," adopted at this plenary session, summed up the experience of the reform of the economic system since the founding of New China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the 11 th CPC Central Committee, and initially put forward and expounded a series of major theoretical and practical issues in the reform of the economic system. The major theoretical contribution of the "Decision" is to break through the traditional concept of opposing the planned economy and the commodity economy, and put forward that the socialist economy on the mainland is "a planned commodity economy on the basis of public ownership"; Breaking through the traditional concept of confusing the ownership of the whole people with the enterprises directly operated by state organs, it is proposed that "ownership and management rights can be appropriately separated". The "Decision" makes arrangements for a series of major issues, such as enhancing the vitality of enterprises, developing the socialist commodity economy, attaching importance to the role of economic leverage, separating government from enterprises, and expanding economic and technological exchanges. Since then, the reform of the economic system, with a focus on cities, has been carried out in an all-round way.
3
The Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee
Time: September 26-30, 1988
The plenum put forward the principles of improving the economic environment, rectifying the economic order, and comprehensively deepening reforms.
The plenary session analyzed the political and economic situation at that time and approved the guidelines put forward by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to the plenary session on improving the economic environment, rectifying the economic order, and comprehensively deepening reforms. Compared with the "Preliminary Plan for Price and Wage Reform" adopted at the Political Bureau meeting of the CPC Central Committee in August, there are two major changes in this policy: First, it will shift from speeding up the pace of reform to focusing on improving the economic environment and rectifying the economic order in the next two years; Second, it is emphasized that price reform cannot stand out alone, and the reform must be a comprehensive supporting reform. To manage the economic environment, the main thing is to compress aggregate social demand and curb inflation. To rectify the economic order, the main thing is to rectify the chaotic phenomena that have emerged in the process of changing the old and new systems, especially the various chaotic phenomena in the field of circulation. To comprehensively deepen reform, it is mainly necessary to carry out comprehensive supporting reforms. In the comprehensive reform in various aspects, special attention has been paid to deepening the reform of enterprises, especially the reform of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises.
4
The Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee
Time: November 11-14, 1993
The plenary session adopted the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System," outlining the basic framework of the socialist market economic system.
The plenum adopted the "Decision on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System," further concretized the objectives and basic principles of economic structural reform put forward by the 14 th CPC National Congress, formulated an overall plan for the establishment of a socialist market economic system, and outlined the basic framework of the socialist market economic system. He pointed out that the socialist market economic system is integrated with the basic socialist system, and the establishment of a socialist market economic system is to enable the market to play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources under the state's macroeconomic regulation and control. It is necessary to further transform the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises and establish a modern enterprise system that meets the requirements of the market economy, has clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, separates government administration from enterprise management, and has scientific management. The "Decision" sums up the mainland's basic experience in reform and opening up, and has made new breakthroughs in theory and policy, and is a programmatic document for continuing to deepen reform.
5
The Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee
Time: October 12-14, 1998
The meeting adopted the "Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Agriculture and Rural Work" and put forward the goal of building a new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics by 2010.
The plenum stressed that the basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of economies under various forms of ownership, the management system based on household contract management and the combination of centralized and decentralized management, and the distribution system based on labor income and distribution according to the factors of production must be upheld for a long time. The meeting adopted the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Major Issues Concerning Agriculture and Rural Work" and set forth the goals and tasks for achieving cross-century development in agriculture and rural areas. The "Decision" stresses that the industrialized operation that has emerged in the rural areas can effectively solve the problems of thousands of peasant households entering the market, applying modern science and technology, and expanding the scale of operation, and enhance the economic efficiency and marketization of agriculture, and is one of the realistic ways for the mainland's agriculture to gradually move toward modernization. The plenary session summed up the basic experience of rural reform over the past 20 years and put forward the goals and guidelines for the cross-century development of agriculture and rural areas.
6
The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee
Date: October 11-14, 2003
The plenary session adopted the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Market Economic System," which clearly defined the goals and tasks of improving the socialist market economic system, and proposed to adhere to the people-oriented principle, establish a comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable outlook on development, and promote all-round economic, social, and human development.
The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Market Economic System" proposes to improve the basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of economies under various forms of ownership; Establish a system conducive to the gradual change of the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas; forming a mechanism to promote the coordinated development of the regional economy; build a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system; improve the macroeconomic regulation and control system, administrative management system and economic and legal system; improve employment, income distribution and social security systems; Establish mechanisms to promote sustainable economic and social development. The "Decision" also makes specific arrangements for upholding and improving the basic economic system, deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises, improving the rural economic system, improving the market system, improving macroeconomic regulation and control, promoting the reform of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, deepening the reform of the employment and distribution systems, and improving the social security system. The "Decision" is a programmatic document for perfecting the socialist market economic system in the new century.
7
The Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee
Date: October 9-12, 2008
The plenum adopted the "Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Promoting Rural Reform and Development," giving peasants a fuller and more secure right to contract and manage land, and the existing land contract relations should remain stable and unchanged for a long time.
The plenary session adopted the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Major Issues Concerning Promoting Rural Reform and Development," which calls for vigorously promoting reform and innovation, strengthening the building of rural systems, actively developing modern agriculture, improving comprehensive agricultural production capacity, speeding up the development of rural public undertakings, and promoting all-round social progress in rural areas. The "Decision" pointed out that to promote rural reform and development under the new situation, it is necessary to take the construction of a new socialist countryside as a strategic task, take the road of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics as the basic direction, and accelerate the integration of urban and rural economic and social development as a fundamental requirement, adhere to the principle of industry feeding agriculture, cities supporting rural areas, and giving more and giving less to live, innovating systems and mechanisms, strengthening the agricultural foundation, increasing farmers' income, protecting farmers' rights and interests, and promoting rural harmony. The "Decision" points out that we must unswervingly adhere to the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining centralized and separate management, which is a basic rural management system that suits the socialist market economic system and conforms to the characteristics of agricultural production. Farmers should be given more adequate and guaranteed land contract management rights, and the existing land contract relations should remain stable and unchanged for a long time.
8
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee
Date: November 9-12, 2013
The plenary session adopted the "Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform". The plenary session pointed out that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; The core issue in the reform of the economic system is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, so that the market can have resources in the field
The plenary session studied a number of major issues of comprehensively deepening reform, adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform", and proposed that by 2020, decisive results will be achieved in the reform of important areas and key links, and a systematic, scientific, standardized, and effective institutional system will be formed. The plenary session pointed out that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, deepen the reform of the economic system closely around making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, adhere to and improve the basic economic system, accelerate the improvement of the modern market system, macroeconomic regulation and control system, and open economic system, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, accelerate the construction of an innovative country, and promote more efficient, fairer and more sustainable economic development. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the economic system by focusing on enabling the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, uphold and improve the basic economic system, accelerate the transformation of the economic development mode, accelerate the construction of an innovative country, and promote more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable economic development.
9
The Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee
Time: February 26-28, 2018
The plenary session adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions" and the "Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions", guided by the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and focused on promoting the optimization, coordination and efficiency of the functions of the Party and state institutions.
The central topic of the meeting was to study and deepen the reform of the party and state institutions. The plenary session adopted the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions and the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions. The "Decision" points out that deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions is a profound change to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; It is necessary to adjust and optimize the functions of government agencies, comprehensively improve government efficiency, and build a service-oriented government that satisfies the people. The plenary session pointed out that in the process of comprehensively deepening reform, we should resolve to solve the obstacles and shortcomings existing in the functional system of the party and state institutions, accelerate the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and give better play to the superiority of the mainland's socialist system. Guided by the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and focusing on promoting the optimization, coordination and efficiency of the functions of the Party and state institutions, we will reform the institutional setup, optimize the allocation of functions, deepen the transformation of functions, methods, and styles, and improve efficiency and effectiveness, so as to provide a strong institutional guarantee for the decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, starting a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Source: Party History Mirror