A Preliminary Study on the Compilation of Poverty Alleviation Chronicles
Wang Fuxing
Abstract: Compiling poverty alleviation aspirations is the glorious mission of Fang Zhi people. The main contents of poverty alleviation include geographical conditions, poverty status and causes, poverty alleviation goals and planning, infrastructure poverty alleviation, ecological poverty alleviation, labor poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation, science and technology poverty alleviation, education poverty alleviation, cultural poverty alleviation, health poverty alleviation, social security poverty alleviation, party building poverty alleviation, social poverty alleviation, institutions and management, poverty alleviation figures, etc. The design of poverty alleviation journals should pay attention to the selection of structural styles, the distinction between monographs and sub-journals, the distinction of poverty alleviation journals at all levels, the selection of comprehensive articles or subdivided articles, and the highlighting of local characteristics. The methods of compiling poverty alleviation chronicles are mainly based on the combination of narrative method, comparative method, method of taking matters into people, dealing with the overlap and repetition of content, making good use of special notes and appendices, attaching importance to the use of pictures, and recording mistakes and lessons.
Keywords: Poverty alleviation, content, design, writing method
It is the glorious mission of Fang Zhiren to comprehensively, systematically and truthfully record the great cause of poverty alleviation for nearly 100 million people to get rid of absolute poverty and summarize the successful experience with local chronicles. In this paper, we will make a preliminary discussion on the content, article design and compilation method of poverty alleviation, so as to teach the Fang family.
First, the main content of poverty alleviation
The Poverty Alleviation Chronicle records the history and current situation of poverty alleviation in a place, and the main contents are as follows:
(1) Geographical conditions. In order to explain the background of poverty, it is necessary to write about the local situation, that is, to write the provincial, city, and county conditions in a nutshell. The formulation of poverty alleviation measures should also proceed from local conditions, pay attention to giving full play to the strengths of local conditions, and avoid the shortcomings of local conditions. It mainly writes about the natural environment (geology, geomorphology, climate, etc.), natural resources (land, water, biology, minerals, etc.), natural disasters (meteorological disasters such as drought, floods, wind, hail, etc., geological disasters such as landslides, debris flows, earthquakes, etc., biological disasters such as diseases, insect pests, rodent infestations, etc.), administrative divisions, population, socio-economic conditions, etc.
(2) Poverty status and causes. Poverty here mainly refers to economic poverty and backwardness. From the perspective of a place as a whole, the level of economic development is low, which can be reflected by the following statistics: The per capita gross industrial and agricultural output value, the per capita industrial output value, the per capita grain share, and the per capita fiscal income are respectively equivalent to the provincial average level and the national average level. It should also be written in terms of clothing, food, housing, drinking water, and illness. Quilts: Use survey data to indicate the lack of clothes and quilts. For example, in several counties inhabited by the Yi ethnic group in Liangshan Prefecture, some rural households lack bedding. Food: Record the food shortage of farmers in poor areas, mainly including the number of grains per capita, the number of months of grain shortage in a year, and the amount of relief grain transferred by the state. According to the statistics of 21 poverty-stricken counties in Guizhou Province in 1984, about 70 percent of the total rural households were poor and short of grain for five months. Housing: It is recorded that poor households live in poor houses, some of them live in the same room for several generations, and some do not have a house to live in a shack. According to statistics from the four counties of Guizhou Province, there are 3,270 households living in "lying on the ground", 15,854 households living in "branch houses", and 5,473 households without houses. Drinking water: Record the difficulty of drinking water for people and livestock in poor areas. Nearly 200,000 people in the mountainous areas of Luzhou and Yibin in Sichuan Province are short of water, and many of them use water for five purposes: washing vegetables, washing faces, washing clothes, washing feet, and feeding livestock. Diseases: It is recorded that infectious diseases and endemic diseases are serious in poor areas, and diseases such as difluoride, filariasis, Keshan disease, cretinism, dicarbia, leprosy, tuberculosis, and hepatitis are prevalent in some places. More than 820,000 people in Fuling District, Sichuan Province have fallen ill, and 95% of people in two townships in Shizhu County have suffered from difluoride.
The causes of poverty include many factors, such as social history, physical geography, production conditions, work base and policy implementation. The general background is that in modern times, under the oppression of the three mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, the mainland has become poor and weak, and this is the general cause of poverty in many areas. The specific reasons are mainly as follows: First, the ecological environment is poor, and some belong to plateaus and mountains, with long mountain ranges, steep slopes and deep valleys, which are not suitable for living and agricultural production. Some belong to rocky desertification areas, the mountains and rocks are bare, the land is barren, and they can only be widely planted and harvested. Some ecological environments have been destroyed, soil erosion is serious, and living conditions are on the verge of loss; Second, natural disasters are frequent, such as droughts, floods, hailstorms, insect plagues, landslides and mudslides, which strike in turn, suffering disasters in one year and poverty for several years; Third, the infrastructure is weak, the traffic is blocked, the water conservancy facilities are lacking, there is no electricity, there is no telephone, radio and television signals; Fourth, the level of education, science and technology, and medical care is backward; many villages in mountainous areas do not have primary and secondary schools, it is difficult for school-age children to enroll in school, many young and middle-aged people are not literate, their education level is low, many villages do not have hospitals, and the proportion of people living in poverty due to illness is high. Most of the peasants do not understand scientific and technological knowledge, and some places are even in a primitive state of slash-and-burn farming. Fifth, the agricultural economic structure is single, and the proportion of industry is very small.
(3) Poverty alleviation goals and plans. Poverty alleviation targets can be recorded in stages. "Shaanxi Provincial Chronicles· Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicles" records that in the early days of reform and opening up, the main goal of poverty alleviation and development in Shaanxi Province was to change the poor and backward appearance of the old revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi and the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi as soon as possible. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, the focus was on solving the problem of food and clothing in the poorest areas; During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Poverty Alleviation" periods, the goal is to basically solve the problem of food and clothing for 5 million poor people; The goal of the "Ten-Year Planning Period" is to promote the rural society as a whole to move towards a moderately prosperous level; During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and poverty alleviation period, the goal is to lift 65 poverty-stricken counties out of poverty in phases and batches. Once you have defined your goals, write down the specific tasks, measures taken, and accomplishments. The "Records of Sichuan Province · Poverty Alleviation and Development (1986-2005)" sets poverty alleviation goals, basic tasks, support measures, poverty alleviation results and other records.
To carry out poverty alleviation work, it is necessary to formulate poverty alleviation plans in advance, and plans can be drawn up according to goals, stages, regions, industries, special projects, etc., and poverty alleviation aspirations can be recorded according to the actual situation of local plans. The main contents include the background and basis of the preparation of the plan, the guiding ideology, the basic principles, the key construction projects, the safeguard measures, the organization and leadership, and the development of the key plan.
(4) Poverty alleviation through infrastructure. The backwardness of infrastructure seriously restricts the construction and development of various undertakings, so most of the poverty alleviation projects are based on the construction of infrastructure. First, transportation construction: the provincial poverty alleviation chronicle mainly records the construction of provincial roads, national highways and highways, and the city and county poverty alleviation chronicles mainly record the construction of county roads and rural roads. The second is the construction of basic farmland: the construction of farmland that retains water, soil, and fertilizer, focusing on changing slopes into ladders, changing low to high, and cultivating land, and supporting the construction of small water cellars, small ponds, field roads, and machine farming roads. The third is water conservancy construction: recording the construction of water storage projects, irrigation projects, groundwater development and utilization projects, and drinking water projects for people and livestock. Fourth, power grid construction: from the construction of small and medium-sized power stations and supporting power grids, to the construction and transformation of rural power grids, and gradually realize the electrification of villages and households. Fifth, the construction of communication facilities: from the construction of telephone in townships and villages, to the construction of rural information networks, to achieve full coverage of high-speed broadband networks in rural areas.
(5) Ecological poverty alleviation. Deforestation and grassland reclamation have destroyed the ecological environment, aggravated soil erosion, and fallen into a vicious circle of "the poorer the more reclaimed, and the more reclaimed the poorer, the poorer the poorer", seriously restricting economic and social development. Cadres and groups gradually understand the interdependence between man and nature, explore the restoration and reconstruction of ecosystems, and develop a green economy. The first is to return farmland to forest (grassland): after returning farmland to forest on sloping land, the natural renewal of forest land has been accelerated, ecological benefits have been revealed, and farmers who have returned farmland have embarked on the road of ecological prosperity. The second is to control rocky desertification: combine the control of rocky desertification with the adjustment of agricultural structure and the increase of farmers' income. According to the different conditions of various places, select suitable economic tree species, and explore a variety of governance models such as forest bamboo, forest medicine, forest fruit, forest grass, forest and vegetable combination, so as to achieve a win-win situation of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. The third is ecological migration: in areas with serious rocky desertification, the ecological environment is poor, and it is difficult for one side of the water and soil to feed one side of the people, and the usual poverty alleviation methods cannot be effective, so only the implementation of relocation. It is necessary to make proper plans for the resettlement areas and the resettlement, production, and living of the migrants, and strive to achieve the goal of "moving out, staying in a stable place, developing, and becoming rich." It is necessary to record the livable environment of the place where you move and the production and living conditions of the immigrants. Fourth, green economy: proceeding from the actual conditions of various localities, fully excavating and giving full play to the advantages of local natural resources, and developing famous and high-quality industries such as tea, bamboo, pepper, camellia, dried fruits, fruits, vegetables, and Chinese medicinal materials, which not only protects the ecological civilization, but also enables farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.
(6) Poverty alleviation through labor services. It mainly describes skills training, export methods, and labor management. It is also necessary to record the labor brand. As of 2010, Gansu Province has registered 50 labor service brands, of which 41 are recommended as excellent labor service brands, and the famous ones are "Gansu Cotton Picker", "Tianshui White Doll Housekeeping", "Xiliwa Township Housekeeping Sister-in-law", "Xihuang Hometown Construction Worker", "Longcheng Feijiang Security", "Rose Township Qiao Meizi" and so on.
(7) Industrial poverty alleviation. This is an important way to readjust the economic structure of poverty-stricken areas, make use of natural resources in poverty-stricken areas to carry out developmental production and construction, enhance the "hematopoietic function" in poverty-stricken areas, and promote poverty alleviation and farmers' income increase in poverty-stricken areas. Based on the local resource base and market-oriented, Guizhou Province has created advantageous industries with poverty alleviation characteristics and promoted the improvement of the variety, quality and brand of poverty alleviation industries. Ten major poverty-alleviation industries have been established, including walnuts, grassland ecological animal husbandry, high-quality fruits, vegetables, camellia, Chinese medicinal materials, tea, special breeding, detoxified potatoes, and rural tourism, some of which have gradually occupied certain advantages in the country. Each industrial construction records industrial planning, project implementation, organizational mode, industrial benefits, etc.
(8) Poverty alleviation through science and technology. The low scientific and cultural quality of peasants is an important factor leading to the vicious transmission chain of poverty in poor areas and restricting the construction of a new socialist countryside. Therefore, the focus of the work of helping the poor must be shifted to the track of relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of laborers. First, support for scientific and technological talents: Formulate preferential policies to attract scientific and technological talents to poor areas to give full play to their wisdom and talents, and help farmers rely on science and technology to get rid of poverty and become rich. Seconded to help scientific and technological personnel of provinces, municipalities and provincial departments directly under the provincial government, and assign deputy county magistrates and deputy township mayors of science and technology to poor counties and townships, focusing on poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation through science and technology. The second is scientific and technological training: relying on the scientific and technological system, various science popularization associations have been established to train rural talents; the establishment of technical schools for farmers based on the education system; Establish science and technology demonstration bases, demonstration villages, and demonstration households in poverty-stricken counties; Relying on "company + farmer", the farmer's planting, breeding and processing are placed in the company's training; Relying on the departments of agriculture, forestry, water, and animal husbandry, we should do a good job in training practical agricultural techniques in planting, aquaculture, and processing of agricultural and sideline products, and promote the development of various industries. The third is the introduction and promotion of science and technology: according to their own needs and different periods, the introduction and promotion of different scientific and technological achievements and science and technology, such as the large-scale promotion of hybrid varieties, corn film mulching cultivation, corn seedling directional transplanting, japonica miscellaneous experimental demonstration, fruit tree grafting cultivation, scientific grass breeding, rapid pig raising, green storage feed practical technology. Gansu Province introduced and promoted science and technology projects, focusing on the province's grass livestock, potatoes, forest fruits, melons and vegetables, Chinese medicinal materials and other five major industries, as well as dried and fresh fruits, edible fungi, flowers, small grains, tea, silkworms and other regional industries, mainly potato breeding, greenhouse vegetable yield technology, low-yield orchard transformation, cattle frozen improvement, greenhouse livestock, forage green storage ammonia, medicinal materials GAP planting, terraced drought resistance and yield increase technology. It should also be noted that retired scientific and technological personnel in some cities have volunteered to go to the rural areas to teach science and technology and help the peasants shake off poverty and become rich.
(9) Poverty alleviation through education. First, basic education: Actively promote the "two basics", that is, basically universalize nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people. Primary and secondary schools are rationally laid out to achieve non-dangerous houses, classrooms, desks and stools, flagpoles, and toilets. By increasing the number of enrollment places in normal schools, in-service training, and volunteer teaching, we will build a qualified team of teachers. Poor students are exempted from tuition, miscellaneous fees and book fees, and some of the living expenses of poor students living in residential areas are subsidized. The second is vocational education: the construction of vocational middle schools, and the establishment of agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry classes in ordinary middle schools where conditions permit, or the joint operation of departments such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, hydropower, and silkworms. Vocational education in minority areas should be fully relied upon by existing technical secondary schools and technical schools and national and provincial vocational schools to jointly run schools, and to cultivate talents according to the needs of economic and social development in minority areas. The third is entrusted training: funded by the government, colleges and universities are entrusted to train talents urgently needed in poor areas, such as agriculture, forestry, medicine, teachers, engineering and management talents, targeted enrollment and distribution. According to the actual local situation, it is also necessary to record volunteer teaching, Hope Project, Spring Bud Project, Tomorrow Primary School, etc.
(10) Cultural poverty alleviation. Poverty alleviation must first cure ignorance, and cultural poverty alleviation has the role of supporting wisdom and morale. The first is the construction of two museums: each county will build a cultural center and a library. Record the investment, number of completions, and activities of cultural centers; Library investment, number of built, number of books in the collection, borrowing, etc. The second is the construction of cultural stations and rooms: towns and villages build cultural stations, and villages build cultural rooms and cultural squares. Record the investment, construction quantity, equipment and activities of the cultural station; Investment, quantity, equipment and activities of cultural rooms and cultural squares. The third is the construction of rural libraries: there are two main sources of books for the construction of libraries in villages: one is the "Ten Thousand Villages Library Project", which presents the series of "Chinese Rural Culture Books" to the village library; The second is the "Hand in Hand Project", in which urban children donate books to rural children. Record the investment in the construction of the library, the number of books, and the borrowing and reading activities. Fourth, the construction of radio and television facilities: first build township satellite ground receiving stations, and then carry out the construction of radio and television village communication projects. Record the investment, the number of villages covered, the number of people, etc. Fifth, tourism development: record the development of characteristic tourism resources in poverty-stricken areas and rural characteristic tours, characteristic picking, farmhouse entertainment, etc. Sixth, the development of intangible cultural heritage resources: it is recorded that the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage are combined with the industrial economy, so as to promote the cause of poverty alleviation, so that poor farmers can get rid of poverty and become rich in inheriting and promoting traditional culture.
(11) Health poverty alleviation. The first is the construction of township health centers and village clinics: township health centers have achieved three supporting facilities: housing, personnel and equipment, and can undertake basic medical preventive health care, first aid, obstetrics and other services. The village clinic has set up three rooms: medical treatment, pharmacy, injection and dressing change, diagnosis and treatment registration, prescription for medicine, voucher for payment, card book for prevention and maintenance, and epidemic report. The second is to establish a new rural cooperative medical system: this is a system of mutual medical assistance and mutual aid for farmers with the main focus on the overall planning of serious diseases, which is organized, guided and supported by the government, voluntarily participated by rural residents, and financed by individuals, collectives and the government, which greatly reduces the economic burden of poor farmers to see a doctor. The state allocates special funds to provide free surgery for cataract patients in poor areas. The third is the prevention and treatment of "two diseases": recording the types, hazards, prevention and control measures and effects of local endemic and infectious diseases. Fourth, pairing assistance: it is recorded that provincial and municipal tertiary hospitals have paired up with county hospitals in poverty-stricken areas to send doctors to provide medical technical assistance; Organize volunteers to provide free medical treatment to poor farmers; The Restoration Vehicle provides free surgery for cataract patients.
(12) Social security poverty alleviation. The first is the "five guarantees" support: began in the 50s of the 20th century during the period of agricultural cooperatives, the five guarantees refer to the rural areas without the ability to work, no source of livelihood, no legal support obligor (or no ability to support), need to be supported by the collective economy, five guarantees refer to food, clothing, housing, medical care, burial (orphan education). In 2006, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Provision of the Five Guarantees in Rural Areas, which included the provision of the "Five Guarantees" in rural areas within the scope of public financial guarantees. Record the beginning, change and current situation of the local "Five Guarantees" offering. The second is relief for the extremely poor people: the extremely poor people who have lost their ability to work will be included in the scope of social relief to ensure their basic livelihood. Record the scope of relief, the number of people, the amount of funds raised, the total amount, etc. The third is the rural "subsistence allowance": the number of people enjoying the subsistence allowance in the main years, the subsidy standard, the source of funds, the total amount, etc. Fourth, rural social endowment insurance: the fund is composed of individual contributions, government subsidies, etc., and the elderly who have not paid the fees are also given living subsidies on a monthly basis. Documenting specific situations such as policy and local implementation. Fifth, housing security: the government will provide policy support and appropriate financial subsidies to disaster victims and poor households with housing difficulties. Record the specific measures and effects of the housing project and the renovation of dilapidated houses. Sixth, support for poor disabled persons: The government will raise funds to support the rehabilitation and medical treatment, employment training, self-employment and renovation of dilapidated houses for poor disabled persons in rural areas. Describe the policies, measures, and effects of each period.
(13) Party building and poverty alleviation. First, the building of grass-roots organizations: While doing a good job in the implementation of poverty alleviation projects, we should also give prominence to the building of village-level party organizations, and do a good job in the building of villagers' committees, youth league branches, women's congresses, militia companies, new economic organizations, and new social organizations. Efforts should be made to select and strengthen the leadership of village-level party organizations, especially the party branch secretaries. The second is the capacity building of cadres: focus on cultivating, selecting, and appointing outstanding young village cadres, and select outstanding party members with strong ability, fairness, and support from the masses to the post of secretary of the village branch, and select university graduates to serve in the village, so as to improve the overall quality of the grassroots cadre team. The third is the poverty alleviation task force and the first secretary: the village-based poverty alleviation team selected from the organs at all levels, and the first village secretary selected from the cadres of the outstanding organs, closely cooperate with the village "two committees" to make suggestions and make contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation, focusing on strengthening organizational construction, promoting the strengthening of the village and enriching the people, improving the level of governance, and doing practical things for the villagers.
(14) Social poverty alleviation. Under the leadership and organization of the party and the government, all walks of life and all sectors of the country, from the central units and departments directly under the provincial government to the wealthier provinces, cities, and counties in the north, have participated in the cause of poverty relief and have made their part in the struggle against poverty. The first is the designated assistance of the central unit: record the assistance unit, the assistance task, and the assistance method (such as temporary post and research, financial support, support for agricultural and economic construction, construction of infrastructure, development of social undertakings, donation of funds and materials, technical training, organization of labor export, etc.). The second is the designated assistance of the provincial departments: the provincial organs and institutions of the province will dispatch cadres to form a poverty alleviation task force, stationed in the designated poverty-stricken counties, and help the villages and households to implement their responsibilities. Record the assistance unit, assistance tasks, assistance methods (refer to the above examples to record the facts), etc. In 1996, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided that the economically more developed provinces and municipalities in the east should provide counterpart assistance to the less developed areas in the west. It mainly records the provinces and cities that help the region, the objects of assistance, and the methods of poverty alleviation (such as cooperation, study and study, financial assistance, agricultural industry assistance, establishment of enterprises, construction of infrastructure, development of social undertakings, etc.). Fourth, assistance from all walks of life: including community assistance, enterprise assistance, military and police force assistance, etc., recording the units that gave a helping hand, the objects of assistance, the methods and effects of assistance, etc. Fifth, volunteers help: A large number of volunteers, including teachers, doctors, and scientific and technological personnel, have gone to poor areas to teach and educate people, treat diseases, save people, and teach skills. Sixth, international cooperation: guide international organizations, foreign governments, and overseas Chinese to participate in the development and construction of poverty-stricken areas in various forms, set up programs according to projects, and record the scope of project objectives, project investment, project content, project management, project implementation, and project effectiveness.
(15) Organization and management. Institutional part: First, leading institutions: all localities have set up leading groups for poverty alleviation and development, which should record the history of the institutions, work responsibilities, work systems, etc.; Other governing bodies are also noted. The second is the working organs: All localities have set up offices for poverty alleviation and development, which should record the establishment of the institutions, the staffing and the main responsibilities, and other working organs should also be recorded. The third is the enterprise units of poverty alleviation institutions: all localities should record according to the actual situation. Fourth, poverty alleviation associations: record the history of the organization, the main tasks, the source of funds, etc.
Management includes: First, fund management: poverty alleviation funds include poverty alleviation credit funds, financial poverty alleviation funds and work-for-work relief funds, which record distribution principles, distribution procedures, special financial accounts, inspection and supervision, etc. The second is project management: recording project selection, project approval, project implementation and acceptance. The third is audit supervision: record supervision and deployment, fund audit, problem rectification, case investigation and handling, etc. Fourth, statistical monitoring: recording rural poverty alleviation statistics and poverty monitoring. Fifth, inspection and acceptance: record inspection and acceptance standards, inspection and acceptance methods, assessment rewards and punishments, etc. Sixth, file and set up cards: record and find out the bottom number from house to house, so that the village has a card, the township has a book, and the county has a book, and the whole process of dynamic monitoring and management is implemented. Seventh, the leadership responsibility system, reward and punishment responsibility system: It is recorded that the establishment of a leadership responsibility system for poverty alleviation at all levels, the top leaders of the party and government are responsible for the overall responsibility, and the leaders at all levels are in charge of poverty alleviation work.
(16) Poverty alleviation figures. In the struggle to help the poor, a large number of advanced and exemplary figures have emerged, and their names and deeds should be recorded in the struggle for poverty alleviation. The first is the biography of people: according to the principle of "life is not biography" in local chronicles, poverty alleviation chronicles are only for the deceased advanced model figures of poverty alleviation, and the living advanced and exemplary figures can be recorded in the law of people and the list method. The second is the character list: the living advanced model of poverty alleviation can set up a list of people to record, the column of the table has the name, work unit, award time, commendation department, award name, main deeds, etc. The third is the list of people: there are many advanced and exemplary figures who have won the same award, and they can also not be listed but only named. The Poverty Alleviation Figures Chapter of "Baoshan Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicles (1978-2008)" records the 41 advanced individuals in poverty alleviation who were commended by the Baoshan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2001 and the 63 advanced individuals in poverty alleviation who were commended by the Baoshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government in 2006.
2. The design of the article on poverty alleviation
The matters to be paid attention to in the design of the poverty alleviation journal mainly include the following aspects:
(1) Select the structural asana. According to the arrangement of the parts in the chronicle, the chronicle has chapters, outlines and entries. The poverty alleviation aspirations I have seen are all in the form of chapters. According to the number of first-level categories, it can be divided into large series, medium series, and small series. Some of the published poverty alleviation journals are in large editions, most of them have five or six parts (some of them are not called editors but chapters at the first level), and the least is only three parts. The author believes that the large series will be composed of things of the same nature, so as to reflect the relationship between things, so it is appropriate to adopt the large series for poverty alleviation.
(2) Distinguish between monographs and sub-chronicles. There are two forms of poverty alleviation chronicles: monographs written independently and separate chronicles in comprehensive chronicles that only record the content of poverty alleviation, and their contents and articles are not exactly the same, so attention should be paid to distinguishing them when designing articles. As a monograph, the poverty alleviation chronicle is an independent chronicle, which is used in seven genres: description, record, chronicle, biography, diagram, table, and record, with orderly and ordinary examples in the front, and appendices, indexes, and postscripts in the back. The Poverty Alleviation Chronicle, which is a sub-chronicle, is only an integral part of the "Chronicle" in a comprehensive chronicle (a sub-chronicle), and no preface, memorabilia, or biographies are allowed to appear in the preface, memorabilia, or biographies of the chronicles, whether they are printed together with other parts of the chronicles or printed separately. According to the unified regulations of the All-Chronicles, in addition to the examples of the All-Records printed on the front of the book, there should also be the examples of the All-Chronicles, which are often called "compilation instructions". It is wrong that some published poverty alleviation sub-journals do not implement the unified regulations of All-Winner and set up prefaces, memorabilia, and biographies, which disrupt the style of All-Winners. It is also inappropriate for some poverty alleviation chronicles to include poverty alleviation memorabilia and biographies in the appendix. In terms of content, the requirements of the dedication are complete, and the affairs of the poverty alleviation management department, such as the history of the organization, work responsibilities, work systems, internal institutional settings, party affairs activities, etc., can be recorded (not the key content, and the person in charge of the internal organization is not recorded). The poverty alleviation sub-journal only records the poverty alleviation cause, and the matters within the management department written above are not recorded, so there are no relevant articles. The comprehensive chronicle has set up geographical or natural environment sub-chronicles to record geographical conditions, and the poverty alleviation sub-chronicles no longer have corresponding chapters to record them.
(3) Distinguish between poverty alleviation aspirations at all levels. Poverty alleviation at the provincial, municipal, county, and township levels cannot be used in the same article. Provincial and municipal poverty alleviation aspirations should summarize the situation of the province and city in all aspects of poverty alleviation, and use words that indicate certain types of things as the titles of chapters, sections, and items, such as returning farmland to forests, controlling rocky desertification, ecological migration, highway construction, farmland construction, water conservancy construction, etc., and the chapters, sections, and items are to record this kind of things with comprehensive data at a macro level, and sometimes they also write specific things at the point, which is a typical description; You can't see anything specific from the title. The county and township poverty alleviation chronicles should record some specific things, such as the specific poverty alleviation projects developed and the changes in poor households. "Pengshui Miao Tujia Autonomous County Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicles" in the poverty alleviation and development project section, set up 12 projects, such as the Yang River embankment project, flue-cured tobacco planting, mulberry and silkworm planting, and economic forest demonstration films. It also set up a special chapter for some of the poor households in Yuewen, introducing the situation of 51 poor households getting rid of poverty and becoming rich. Recording such more specific things is required by the poverty alleviation aspirations at the grassroots level, and this is also where its important value lies. If the provincial and municipal poverty alleviation chronicles are used in the grassroots poverty alleviation chronicles, the chronicles compiled will be empty, and the real situation and characteristics of the poverty alleviation in the counties and townships will not be written, and the value of the materials will be weakened.
(4) Select a comprehensive article or a subdivided article. Comprehensive articles refer to articles with fewer levels and coarser division of things; Subdivided articles refer to articles with more levels and more detailed division of things. For example, in the social poverty alleviation, some poverty alleviation programs are set up according to comprehensive articles, and under the designated poverty alleviation of the central departments and the designated poverty alleviation of the provincial departments, the units are no longer subdivided, but the situation of the whole province is comprehensively recorded in chronological order. For example, the "Yunnan Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicle" has a special chapter with 16 sections to record the poverty alleviation of 16 prefectures and cities including Kunming City, with a section for each state and city, and 4 items under the section: institutions, poverty alleviation minutes, poverty alleviation areas, poverty alleviation and development measures and performance. Chapters 13 to 17 of the Chronicles of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Baoshan City (1978-2008) record the poverty alleviation and development of the counties and districts under its jurisdiction, with one chapter for each county and district, and four sections under the chapter: brief description and institutional evolution, poverty alleviation objects, poverty alleviation funds, and special poverty alleviation. As an independent monograph of provincial and municipal poverty alleviation, the advantage of setting up such a section is that readers can not only understand the comprehensive situation of poverty alleviation in their own administrative region, but also understand the general situation of poverty alleviation in each administrative region under their jurisdiction. However, in order to be consistent with other sub-chronicles, it is not appropriate to set up a chapter on poverty alleviation in the administrative areas under its jurisdiction.
(5) Highlight local characteristics. If we want to write a deep picture of poverty alleviation and improve the value of information, we should find out the characteristics of local poverty alleviation through investigation and research, and pay attention to setting up a project for local unique or prominent things. Guizhou Province dares to be the first, and all cities and prefectures bravely embark on a unique poverty alleviation path, and the "Guizhou Provincial Poverty Alleviation Chronicle" has a special Guizhou test chapter: the first section of the poverty alleviation practice, which consists of the Bijie "open poverty alleviation and ecological construction" experiment, the Anshun "multiple economic components and common prosperity" experiment, the "Spark Plan, science and technology poverty alleviation" experiment in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, the poverty alleviation and development experiment in Mashan Yaoshan, and the "three changes" development model of Liupanshui City; The second section of poverty alleviation examples records the experience of the Zerong Road, the "Daguan Spirit", the Qinglong Model, the Yinjiang Experience, the Changshun Practice, the Weining Pilot Project, and the Jina Practice. However, there are also cases where the poverty alleviation ambition is not enough to explore local characteristics, and lacks depth and bright spots. In the future, when compiling and revising the poverty alleviation journal, we should consciously conduct investigation and study first, find out the characteristics of local poverty relief and development, and set up corresponding articles.
Basic Chapters of Poverty Alleviation:
sequence
legend
directory
overview
memorabilia
Part I Poverty alleviation strategies
Chapter 1 Poverty-stricken areas
Section 1: Geographical conditions
Section 2: Poverty and its causes
Section 3: Poverty Areas and Distribution
Section 4: Standards and Scope of Poverty Alleviation
Chapter II: Poverty Alleviation Goals
Section 1: Initial Objectives of Reform and Opening-up
Section 2 Objectives for the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period
Section 3 Objectives for the Eighth Five-Year Plan and Poverty Alleviation Periods
Section 4 Objectives for the "Ten-Year Plan" period
Section 5 Goals for the 12th Five-Year Plan and Poverty Alleviation Period
Chapter III: Poverty Alleviation Planning
Section 1: Planning and Preparation
Section 2 Planning Points
Part II: Special Poverty Alleviation
Chapter 1 Poverty Alleviation through Infrastructure
Section 1 Transportation Construction
Section 2: Construction of basic farmland
Section 3 Water conservancy construction
Section 4 Power Grid Construction
Section 5: Construction of communication facilities
Chapter II: Ecological Poverty Alleviation
Section 1 Returning farmland to forests
Section 2 Control of rocky desertification
Section 3: Ecological Migration
Section 4 Green Economy
Chapter III: Industrial Poverty Alleviation
Section 1 Plantation
Section 2 Aquaculture
Section 3 Processing Industry
Section 4 Tourism
Chapter IV: Poverty Alleviation through Labor Services
Section 1: Skills Training
Section 2 Output Mode
Section 3: Labor Management
Chapter V: Party Building and Poverty Alleviation
Section 1: Establishment of Basic-Level Organizations
Section 2: Cadre capacity building
Section 3 Poverty Alleviation Task Force and First Secretary
Part III: Poverty alleviation by industry
Chapter I: Poverty Alleviation through Science and Technology
Section 1: Support for scientific and technological talents
Section 2: Scientific and Technological Training
Section 3: Introduction and promotion of science and technology
Chapter II: Poverty Alleviation through Education
Section 1: Basic Education
Section 2: Vocational Education
Section 3: Commissioned Training
Chapter III: Cultural Poverty Alleviation
Section 1 Construction of the two museums
Section 2: Construction of cultural stations and rooms
Section 3: Construction of Rural Libraries
Section 4: Construction of radio and television facilities
Section 5 Development of Tourism Resources
Section 6: Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage Resources
Chapter IV: Health Poverty Alleviation
Section 1 Construction of township health centers and village clinics
Section 2 Establishment of "New Rural Cooperative Cooperative Systems"
Section 3: Prevention and Treatment of the "Two Diseases".
Chapter V: Social Security Poverty Alleviation
Section 1: "Five Guarantees" Offerings
Section 2: Relief for the extremely poor in rural areas
Section 3: Rural "Subsistence Allowance"
Rural Social Endowment Insurance (New Social Security)
Section 5 Housing Projects
Section 6: Supporting impoverished persons with disabilities
Part IV Social Poverty Alleviation
Chapter I: Fixed-point assistance
Section 1: Designated assistance by central units
Section 2: Designated assistance from provincial departments
Section 3: Designated assistance from democratic parties and the Federation of Industry and Commerce
Section 4: Fixed-point assistance for military and police forces
Chapter II: Counterpart Assistance
Chapter III: Assistance from all walks of life
Section 1: Enterprise Assistance
Section 2: Community Assistance
Chapter IV: Volunteer Assistance
Chapter V: International Cooperation
Title V Poverty Alleviation Institutions and Management
Chapter I: Poverty Alleviation Institutions
Section 1: Leading Institutions for Poverty Alleviation
Section 2: Poverty alleviation work bodies
Section 3: Poverty alleviation institutions and enterprises
Section 4: Poverty Alleviation Organizations
Chapter II: Poverty Alleviation Management
Section 1: Fund Management
Section 2 Project Management
Section 3: Audit Supervision
Section 4: Statistical Monitoring
Section 5: Filing and Establishing Cards
Section 6: Leadership responsibility systems and reward and punishment responsibility systems
Section 7: Poverty Exit Acceptance
First, the acceptance of objects and standards
2. Acceptance procedures
3. Acceptance results
Section 8: Training Management
Part VI Poverty Alleviation Figures
Chapter 1 Biography
Chapter 2 Character List
Chapter III: Directory of Persons
(The poverty alleviation sub-chronicle in the comprehensive chronicle can be changed to commendation, and there are two chapters under it: national commendation and provincial commendation)
appendix
index
Afterword
Description of basic articles: 1. According to the local situation, the first level of the part can also be changed to a chapter. 2. In order to avoid duplication with other parts of the poverty alleviation policy, there is no separate chapter. Some of the published Poverty Alleviation Chronicles set up policy guarantee editions, with chapters such as support policies for poor rural households, support policies for poor areas, and support policies for special groups. 3. This article places migrant poverty alleviation in ecological poverty alleviation, and if ecological poverty alleviation is not recorded, a chapter on migrant poverty alleviation can be set up in the special poverty alleviation section. 4. Where there is a large amount of content on local international cooperation in poverty alleviation, a separate section may be set up.
3. Methods of compiling poverty alleviation aspirations
According to the needs of documenting poverty alleviation content, the following methods should be emphasized:
(1) On the method of combining points and surfaces. The face refers to the comprehensive description of the overall situation of the thing, and the description without the face is difficult to reflect the whole picture of the thing; Point refers to the microscopic description of typical things, and it is difficult to reflect the characteristics and typicality of things without points. The Poverty Alleviation Chronicle records all aspects of poverty alleviation, especially the various poverty alleviation methods and measures, and should pay attention to both aspects and try our best to write them thoroughly. Everyone is familiar with the fact that all kinds of things must be recorded in the chronicles, which must be described comprehensively. Here are a few examples of typical narratives. "Sichuan Provincial Chronicles· Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicles (1986-2005)", the first part of the second chapter, the first section of "basic farmland construction", after a comprehensive description, a typical record: Damaopo in Ludu Village, Gaoyang Town, Wangcang County is a barren rocky slope with strange rocks and steep slopes and thin soil. Before 1990, the per capita grain of the whole village was only 184 kilograms per year, and the per capita net income was 200 yuan. Since 1990, with the support of cash-for-work, after three years of hard work, 530 acres of high-quality horizontal terraces have been created on the barren stone slope, and 1 mu of high-yield and stable-yield farmland per capita has been built. In 1993, the per capita grain of the whole village was 535 kilograms, and the per capita net income was 500 yuan, an increase of 1.90 times and 1.50 times respectively compared with before the land reform. After the visit, Nores, a world water conservation expert and former deputy minister of agriculture of Australia, said that "the terrace construction seen is world-class"; After the visit, Dr. Joseph Carjose, a professor at the Department of Land Development at the University of London in United Kingdom, thought that "the Chinese are amazing". Some chronicles only use comprehensive descriptions, but do not record typical records, which makes people feel that the accounts are mediocre and lack highlights and depth. In the future, when compiling and collecting data on poverty alleviation, we should not only collect comprehensive data, but also consciously collect typical data, so that it is convenient to adopt the method of combining points and areas with descriptions.
(2) Overlapping and repetition of the content of the handling. The basic principle is to allow the necessary crossover and avoid repetition of words. Before writing, based on the information collected, analyze what content and where it is easy to cause duplication, and then think about ways to avoid duplication. The contents of the poverty alleviation aspiration that are easily repeated include poverty alleviation policies and poverty alleviation results. In order to avoid duplication, it should be dealt with when designing articles, such as setting up an ecological poverty alleviation chapter and an ecological migration festival, and not setting up a relocation chapter; If you plan to write policies in poverty alleviation projects and measures, do not set up a chapter on poverty alleviation policies; If poverty alleviation projects and measures are intended to include poverty alleviation effects, do not set up a chapter on poverty alleviation results. When compiling, each chapter has a firm grasp of the scope of the description, does not extend, does not cross the line, and does not expand and write until the time when it is really necessary to involve other things. For example, if there is a chapter on poverty alleviation policies, when recording poverty alleviation measures, it is necessary to pay attention to not involving policies as much as possible. If you feel that it is more beneficial to remember the poverty alleviation situation clearly by writing about poverty alleviation policies and measures together, then delete the chapter on poverty alleviation policies. Duplicate problems found in the review at all levels should be noted down, and then the treatment methods should be studied to solve them.
(3) On the use of special notes and appendices. Monographs are a genre developed in the compilation and revision of the new socialist chronicles, and the chronicles are used to record the events and people that are inconvenient to be described in the chronicles, which is a supplement to the chronicles. Judging from the first two rounds of chronicles, there are three forms of arrangement for monographs in chronicles: first, the monographs are combined into one part and placed at the end of each part; the second is to arrange the monographs together, and the sequence that is not included in the compilation is placed before the appendix; The third is that the various monographs are not grouped together, but are placed separately after the relevant sections and headings. There is also a genre of appendix to the chronicles, which is placed after the chronicles to include information that has not been recorded in the chronicles and has storage value; Relevant information that is closely related to the record in a certain section or item is placed after that section or item and is called attached. In the poverty alleviation journal, special notes and appendices are combined, that is, each special note is placed in the form of appendices after the relevant sections and items. "Guizhou Provincial Poverty Alleviation" adopts this method, in the third chapter, the first section of the second item "control of rocky desertification", and the article is attached to the special note "Dingtan Area to govern the mountains and run to the well-off"; Chapter 6, Section 1, Section 1, "Labor Export", with a special note "Zheng'an County Labor Export Documentary" appended to the text; Chapter 7, Section 1, Section 1, Experiment on "Open Poverty Alleviation, Ecological Construction". Four monographs are attached to the text. This kind of special note, which is closely related to the content recorded in the section and heading, records one thing more completely, and is directly attached to the program, which plays a supplementary and deepening role in the text.
(4) On the comparative method. The comparison method is to compare the situation of the same thing at different stages and in different periods to reflect the changes. In order to ensure that the results of the comparison are correct, the geographical scope of the things being compared should be the same. In the chronicles, there are comparisons such as comparison of pictures, statistics, and descriptions. Poverty alleviation is to describe the history and current situation of farmers in poor areas fighting against poverty, gradually changing the face of poverty, and getting rid of poverty and becoming well-off. In the case of relocation, it is necessary to record the harsh geographical conditions and natural environment of the original place of residence (not suitable for agricultural production), the housing that is difficult to shelter from the rain and rain, and the difficult life of lack of food and clothing; Then record the new appearance of the natural environment, village appearance, housing, production and life, and even spiritual culture of the place where you moved in. Comparing the two, readers can realize the great significance of relocation for poor farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich from the great changes. Many of the poverty alleviation journals focus on the use of contrasting methods. The color map in front of the book "Shaanxi Provincial Chronicles· Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicles", through the comparison of the photos of houses and roads before and after the resettlement, it can be clearly seen that the living conditions and roads have been greatly improved after the resettlement. The third part of the overview of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Yunnan Province (1984-2005) uses statistical comparison: in the first stage, the poverty population in the province decreased from 1/2 to 1/3 of the total population; In the second stage, the number of poor people in the province was reduced from more than 12 million to 7.83 million; In the third stage, the number of poor people in the province was reduced from 7.83 million to 4.05 million; In the fourth stage, the province's absolute poverty dropped from 3.375 million to 2.484 million. The thirteenth item of the first section of the fourth chapter of the journal, "Renovation of dilapidated thatched houses", uses a comparative method to describe: the province's rural areas originally more than 400,000 households, more than 2 million extremely poor peasants live in the summer does not shelter from the rain, winter does not protect against the cold, the wind on all sides, crumbling thatched houses, and even caves, from 2003 to 2005, a total of 1.454 billion yuan of special financial poverty alleviation funds have been invested, and the project covers 16 states (cities) and 125 counties (cities and districts). All 402,500 extremely poor households bid farewell to their dilapidated houses and moved into new homes. The use of the comparative method in the compilation of the poverty alleviation chronicle is conducive to reflecting the economic development, social progress, and improvement of the living standards of poor peasants in poor areas, so that people can clearly see the results of poverty alleviation.
(5) On the law of the matter of the person. The chronicle of poverty alleviation is inseparable from the writers, whether it is to remember the struggle against poverty, or to remember the struggle against poverty and development, and to help farmers get rid of poverty and become rich. Therefore, to record the cause of poverty alleviation, it is necessary to record the activities of people who are closely related to the matters to be recorded. In the fourth section of the seventh chapter of the "Guizhou Provincial Poverty Alleviation Chronicle", "Party Building and Poverty Alleviation", it is recorded that when the party members and cadres were trained to become wealthy and capable people, it was written that Zhou Jing, director of the village committee of Shehu Village, Hezhen Township, Hezhang County: "In 2008, Zhou Jing, a 28-year-old Communist Party member, was selected as a cadre of college student villages in Shehu Village, Hezhang County. The following is a text that records the specific situation of Zhou Jing leading the villagers to develop the Banxia industry and become well-off. The second section of Chapter 11 of the Baoshan Poverty Alleviation and Development Chronicles (1978-2008), "Rural Labor Export", records that migrant workers not only earn money, but also greatly improve their ideological quality. For example, Lu Chunbiao was idle at home, went to work in an electronics factory in Shenzhen, sent 1,000 yuan back to his family before the Spring Festival, and said that he must work hard outside and go home after making a difference. Lu Guihua, a girl who has never been out of the house, went to Shenzhen Jingchuang Company to work, went home to visit relatives during the Spring Festival, brought back 1,200 yuan, and returned to Shenzhen just after the Spring Festival. When collecting materials, it is necessary to pay attention to collecting information on the people and their activities, and when compiling them, we should pay attention to using the method of writing about the people in the cause of poverty alleviation, write about the activities of the people in the cause of poverty alleviation, and reflect their thoughts and spirits, so that the accounts can see both things and people, be more vivid and true, and also enhance the depth of the accounts. The advanced figures in poverty alleviation in the world and their deeds are recorded in the law of the people, which is in line with the principle of "life is not passed on", and the writing effect is also good.
(6) On the use of pictures. Figures have been one of the main genres of Fang Zhi since ancient times. From the beginning of the first round of revision, the part of the picture is mainly photographed. Most of the chronicles published in the early stage of the first round of revisions were centered on the pictures in front of the chronicles, and there were few pictures with the text, and later gradually became that most of the chronicles were set up with pictures with the text description. Both parts of the compilation of poverty alleviation should be included. It should be clear from the understanding that pictures are also information, which are as important as written materials, and can also adjust the layout to make the chronicles illustrated and illustrated. When collecting textual information, attention should also be paid to the collection of graphic information; If there is no ready-made photograph of something that is still alive, it should be photographed. The pictures on the color pages arranged in front of the chronicle are generally arranged according to the sections, and the setting of the sections can refer to the chapter of the textual description, and the section titles are placed at the top left or right of the beginning page. The selection of accompanying photos should pay attention to closely cooperating with the written description, which has the effect of deepening the content and highlighting the characteristics, and has greater information and historical value. The images and scenes in the pictures are intuitive, reflecting things more clearly and clearly than the written descriptions. After reading some of the color pages and accompanying photos of the poverty alleviation chronicles, I feel that there are several issues that should be drawn to attention:
First, there must be a map. Some poverty alleviation aspirations do not have maps, which is a deficiency. It is necessary to set up a map that can show the geographical location of cities, counties, and districts, and mark some contents of poverty alleviation. The map should be placed in front of the photograph, slightly larger, folded in two pages.
Second, choose photos with meaning and value. In the color page section, the photos and profiles of the five directors of the Poverty Alleviation Office and four photos of the compilation of the Poverty Alleviation Chronicle are arranged. There are only 2 photos of the Poverty Alleviation Campaign: the Poverty Alleviation Cadre Training Building and the Poverty Alleviation Office Staff Dormitory Building. This kind of photo has little to do with the development of poverty alleviation, lacks information, and is meaningless, so it does not need to be included in the chronicle.
Third, some of the poverty alleviation pages are arranged with inscriptions by leaders. Hu Qiaomu has long pointed out that this is a politicized tendency and should be banned.
Fourth, the photo should be exactly consistent with the title or description, and a photo of a certain chronicle that was obviously taken at a school, with the title written "XX inspecting the educational work of XX City", is inaccurate, and should be changed to inspect XX school.
Fifth, the photo should indicate the time when it was taken.
(7) On recording mistakes and lessons. Poverty relief involves a wide range of areas, and the difficulties are numerous and great, and the work cannot be smooth sailing, and mistakes are inevitable. The compilation of poverty alleviation aspirations should record all aspects and stages of poverty alleviation in a realistic manner, mainly recording local practices and achievements; Mistakes in work should not be avoided and should be recorded truthfully. A number of published poverty alleviation journals have noted the mistakes and lessons learned. The second section of the second part of the "Chronicles of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Shaanxi Province· "Poverty Alleviation and Resettlement in the New Stage" records the mistakes in the relocation of migrants: the relocation project of Xigangou Village, Shiweng Town, Zhashui County, has problems such as going against the will of the masses, the farmland of the relocated households has not been implemented, the unified construction of houses, the quality of the houses is defective, and the subsidy funds cannot be paid on time. After the reporters of "Shaanxi Daily" and "Shaanxi Peasant Daily" reported, the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office conducted an investigation and dealt with it, and issued a circular, requiring all cities and counties (districts) to take warning, check against each other, and promptly discover and correct problems in the relocation of migrants. Recording the mistakes and lessons learned in the work of poverty alleviation reflects the truthfulness, comprehensiveness, and closeness of the chronicles of poverty alleviation, and also provides a lesson for future generations and others.
Conclusion
The content, article design, and compilation method of the Poverty Alleviation Journals are issues that must be encountered in the compilation of the Poverty Alleviation Journal, and the compilers cannot but think about it. This article is a brief and simple article, and I hope that more people will participate in the discussion. At present, many provinces, cities, and counties are compiling or about to do so, and an upsurge of compiling poverty alleviation is spreading throughout the country. This is a major event in recording and summing up the cause of poverty alleviation, and everyone from the central to the local government is very concerned about and attaches great importance to it. The compilation of poverty alleviation aspirations is another new thing, and there are no ready-made theories and norms to follow. In order to improve the quality of poverty alleviation chronicles, Fang Zhijie should summarize the practical experience and lessons of the pioneers in compiling poverty alleviation chronicles, strengthen the theoretical research on the compilation of poverty alleviation chronicles, and provide reference for compilers.
(Originally published in China Local Chronicles, Issue 3, 2024, tables and notes omitted.) For reference or citation, please read the original article)
Source: Chronicle Research
Author: Wang Fuxing (Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China Party History Research Institute)