The peaks go straight up to 3,000 zhang, and the beauty in the fog is in the clouds. Looking forward from the cliff, when will the dragon still be out of the gorge? This poem was inscribed with Qian Junrui before the Southern Anhui Incident, when Ye Ting led the New Fourth Army to retreat north from Maolin in Jing County, and passed through Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province on the way. The whole poem writes that the New Fourth Army is not afraid of hardships and dangers when facing life and death, just like the invincible revolutionary momentum of a dragon. This poem is not only the oath of General Ye Ting, but also the march of the struggle against the enemy. Under the command of General Ye Ting, the soldiers fought bravely for seven days and nights, showing their noble integrity and tenacious spirit of not sparing out their lives to resist Japan, the Chinese nation, and the cause of liberation of the motherland.
The vast Taihu Lake, pregnant with Wu Yue, has given birth to many historical celebrities. In the beautiful land of Wuxi, not only industrial and commercial giants who create material wealth have been produced, but also a large number of scientific talents who have created knowledge wealth have also been produced. In the last century, there were six academicians in Wuxi Hongsheng, and the stars were shining for a while, and Qian Junrui, as the founder of China's world economy, was undoubtedly the most shining one.
Qian Junrui's economic research began when he participated in the rural economic investigation group organized by Cai Yuanpei and Chen Hansheng. During the investigation team, Qian Junrui and his team members conducted field investigations and studied Marxist-Leninist economic theories at the same time. Through his analysis of the social nature and class conditions of the countryside, Qian Junrui came to the conclusion that an agrarian revolution was necessary.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Qian Junrui focused his research on the establishment of Marxist world economics, and carried out comprehensive and systematic planning of the world economy as an independent discipline, presided over two world economic discipline planning conferences, and formulated the "National Draft Development Plan for World Economic Discipline from 1978 to 1985." In 1980, Qian Junrui initiated the establishment of the China Association of World Economics and prepared for the establishment of the World Economic Data Center. He pointed out that a large number of new phenomena and new problems have emerged in the field of the contemporary world economy, and he called on the mainland's world economy researchers to conduct a planned, systematic, and thorough investigation and in-depth study to find out the regularities. He pointed out that after the first industrial revolution, the world formed an international division of labor and a world market, and through money circulation and international finance, trade has been internationalized, giving rise to the world economy. Qian Junrui conducted a preliminary research and exploration on the theoretical basis, research objects, basic categories and laws of world economics. Qian Junrui believes that the research object of world economics is the overall mode of production that organically combines productive forces and production relations on an international scale, and the focus is on the study of international production relations. He emphasized the importance of superstructure research and highlighted the close relationship between contemporary world economy and world politics. With regard to the research methods of world economics, Qian Junrui believes that the materialist dialectics of Marxism should be adhered to.
While Qian Junrui put forward the framework concept of world economics as an independent discipline, he also made many efforts to organize more than 50 professors to form a writing team and compile "Introduction to the World Economy".
On September 28, 1908, Qian Junrui was born in Sanfangxiang Village, Hongshengli Town, Dongxiang, Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province (now Hongshan Street, Xinwu District, Wuxi City). He was a strong revolutionary, once served as the head of the Propaganda Department of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army, and personally experienced the Southern Anhui Incident and left a precious written record; He is also a well-known educator and economist, and has made important contributions to many fields.
Experienced the Southern Anhui Incident by the side of Commander Ye Ting
Qian Junrui's father worked as a long-term laborer and tenant farmer in his early years, and he saved money to buy two acres of land, and while planting his own land and renting the land to cultivate, his life improved slightly. After giving birth to his eldest son, Qian Junrui, he was sent to a private school, Hongsheng Primary School and Jiangsu Provincial Third Normal Affiliated Primary School (Senior Primary School).
Although Qian Junrui goes to school to study, he still lives a farming and reading life as a peasant child, and he has to do some farm work with his mother after school on weekdays. There is an incident that has left a deep memory in his life: once, he followed his father to the landlord's house to pay rent, and the landlord Qian Shuyuan, nicknamed "Iron Abacus" and "Little File", thought that renting rice was "too rough", kicked the rice over, and slapped his father twice. Unable to bear it any longer, his father fought back and fled with him. But the next day, the police arrested his father and sent him to jail. "It sowed the seeds of hatred for the old society in my heart," Mr. Qian later told his children.
In 1922, he was admitted to the Third Normal School of Jiangsu Province and gradually accepted the influence of progressive ideas. In 1926, he joined the Kuomintang under the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the turbulence of the Northern Expedition, and the great situation of the National Revolution. However, his "red" ideas were soon rejected by the Kuomintang, and he was purged from the Kuomintang after the April 12 Counter-Revolutionary Massacre in 1927.
Qian Junrui was admitted to Wuxi People's Education College in 1928. The following year, Chen Hansheng, head of the rural group of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Academia Sinica, came to Wuxi to conduct a survey on the rural economy. So, he joined Chen Hansheng's team in Wuxi's rural economic survey and visited 22 villages before and after.
From then on, he began to come into contact with Marxism, Qian Junrui studied the ABC of Communism co-authored by Bukharin and Preobrazhensky, the Outline of Economics by Hajime Kawagami, and after 1931, he began to study Capital again. In 1932, at the age of 24, Qian Junrui published his debut novel on rural economic issues, "The Bankruptcy of China's Rural Economy in the Great Flood of 1931", in the journal "New Creation" at that time, and became a new scholar. Subsequently, he wrote several papers in succession, such as "Research on the Nature of China's Rural Economy at the Present Stage" and "The Nature of China's Land Rent". In 1934, he participated in the "China Rural Economy Research Association" sponsored by Chen Hansheng and Wu Juenong, and later participated in the organization of the "China Economic Information Agency", and the field of observation expanded from the countryside to the entire Chinese economy. In September of that year, under the auspices of Hu Yuzhi, he also founded the journal "World Knowledge" together with Jin Zhonghua and Zhang Zhongshi, and successively took over as editor-in-chief.
The Rural Group of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Academia Sinica studied China's rural economy under the guidance of Marxism, and was covered and acquiesced in by Cai Yuanpei, then president, and Yang Xingfo, director general. But this quickly angered the Kuomintang authorities, who ordered the Institute of Social Sciences to move to Nanjing, and expelled researchers with "leftist" ideas, such as Qian Junrui.
Later, after Chen Hansheng's introduction, Qian Junrui entered the TASS Shanghai branch and began to work with Zou Taofen, Hu Yuzhi, Jin Zhonghua, Ai Siqi and others. At that time, the left-wing cultural movement was surging in Shanghai. The Left Federation, the Federation of Social Affairs, the Federation of Films, the Federation of Dramas, and the Federation of American States all gathered under the banner of the "General League of Left-wing Cultures." In September 1935, he was introduced by Zhou Yang and Hu Qiaomu to join the Communist Party of China. At that time, Zhou Yang was the secretary of the Cultural Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Xia Yan, Hu Qiaomu, Qian Junrui and others were members of the Cultural Committee.
In order to win the support of the world's anti-fascist forces for the Chinese people's War of Resistance Against Japan, Qian Junrui began to step onto the international stage under the arrangement of the organization. At the end of August 1936, Tao Xingzhi, on behalf of the All-China National Salvation Federation, and Qian Junrui, on behalf of the Cultural Salvation Association, attended the World Peace Congress held in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, in September. After that, he was entrusted by Soong Ching-ling, vice chairman of the International Anti-Fascist Committee, to attend the enlarged meeting of the International Anti-Fascist Committee held in Paris and to attend the All-European Conference on the Salvation of Overseas Chinese.
At the beginning of 1939, according to the party's arrangement, Qian Junrui came to Chongqing to continue to engage in anti-Japanese salvation and people's diplomacy. At that time, Wang Jingwei, a traitor who had fled to Hanoi, Vietnam, went to Japan in May 1939 after publishing a "glamorous telegram" to defect to Japan, and openly colluded with Japanese imperialism, causing great anger among the Chinese people. Under the instructions of Zhou Enlai, Qian Junrui wrote "The Theory and Practice of Wang Jingwei's Betrayal", which completely exposed Wang Jingwei's traitorous behavior.
Qian Junrui's outstanding performance in the Anti-Japanese War caused the wrath of Chongqing. However, he has a certain reputation overseas and is good at English, so the overseas Chinese group in Nanyang invited him to give a speech in Nanyang. When Qian Junrui completed all the documents and checked in at Chongqing Airport, an accident occurred, and the Kuomintang spies said to him: "Your passport of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been revoked by the Ministry of Social Affairs." ”
Qian Junrui was "softly buttoned" by Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing. At this time, it happened that Yuan Guoping, director of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army, was ordered by Zhou Enlai to pick up Army Commander Ye Ting from southern Anhui to Chongqing to return to the military headquarters. After Ye Ting learned of Qian Junrui's situation, he invited him to work in the New Fourth Army with composer Ren Guang. With the consent of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, Qian Junrui and Ren Guang quietly left Chongqing with Ye Ting, Rao Shushi, and Yuan Guoping, and arrived at the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui at the end of July.
Under the instruction of Zhou Enlai, he wrote a crusade against Wang Rebellion
Qian Junrui said that the New Fourth Army's northward move was entirely forced by orders from Chongqing. He Yingqin, then chief of staff, and Bai Chongxi, deputy chief of staff, sent a joint "Haodian" telegram to Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the 18th Group Army, Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief, and Ye Ting, commander of the 18th Group Army, in addition to reprimanding the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army for not guarding the theater of operations, moving freely, not following the establishment of numbers, and disobeying orders from Chongqing, they also ordered all units of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to send telegrams to Jicha, northern Shandong, and northern Shanxi within one month.
In order to take into account the overall situation, the Jiangnan troops of the New Fourth Army had to move all north. On the eve of the transfer of the New Fourth Army, the Kuomintang diehard spies around the New Fourth Army garrison spread rumors everywhere, saying that the New Fourth Army was going to the northeast and even the Soviet Union, so as to shake the morale of the officers and men of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui. In this regard, the New Fourth Army waged a resolute struggle, which shows that the Chongqing side strictly ordered the New Fourth Army to leave southern Anhui, and that the New Fourth Army will march behind enemy lines and eastward to resist the enemy in order to take into account the overall situation of the anti-Japanese national united front.
"Farewell, a great parting, a parting of hundreds of thousands of people and 10,000 troops, a parting that wants to cut the ties of flesh and blood!" Qian Junrui commented that the New Fourth Army had to withdraw from the base area in southern Anhui at that time.
On January 4, 1941, about 9,000 troops directly under the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army marched to the Maolin area.
During the two days that he was stranded in Maolin due to rain, Qian Junrui and Ye Ting lived in the same room. After Ye Ting reported to various places, he learned that the seven divisions of the Kuomintang Army, about 70,000 people, were blocked around and formed an encirclement of the New Fourth Army. On the same day, the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army also obtained reliable information that the Kuomintang troops had "been ordered to wipe out the New Fourth Army and capture Ye and Xiang alive."
At dawn on 7 January, nearly 10,000 people from the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army marched to the mountainous area east of Maolin in Jing County. It was discovered in advance that this was a gap in the encirclement of the Kuomintang army, or it could be passed. But not long after walking, there was gunfire with the Kuomintang troops in front of him.
At first, the military chiefs rode their horses up the mountain, but then the road turned steep, so they climbed the mountain on foot, followed by mules and horses, and they were all tired and out of breath. Passing by a cliff, Ye Ting suddenly became elegant and said to Qian Junrui: "Junrui, I have two poems, you can follow them and form a poem, okay?" Then he read: "The beauty in the fog is in the clouds, and the cliff is immediately ready to see." ”
Qian Junrui knew Ye Ting's love and longing for his wife, so he changed his tone and said: "The peak of the layer goes straight up to three thousand zhang, and the dragon flies with wings." He wanted to express his feelings that the New Fourth Army should be a dragon that "flies with wings" from layers of encirclement.
Qian Junrui witnessed the scene of Ye Ting leading the staff officers up the mountain to direct the battle. The position of the Kuomintang army was on the opposite hillside, less than a kilometer away. He later wrote: "Commander Ye took that telescope, hung his camera (which he always carried), and held that cane, and stood there alone, playing 'Tiger!' on the opposite hill. ''Tiger! ''Cut! ''Cut! 'The ground flew over. He stood there motionless, looking through his binoculars at the positions of the Kuomintang troops opposite. He commanded the ranks of the New Fourth Army on the hills on the left and right to shoot at each other. ”
By the 12th, the encirclement of the Kuomintang army was getting tighter and tighter. Ye Ting ordered the troops to retreat separately. At this time, his subordinates reported: "Mr. Ren Guang has died!" ”
Mr. Ren Guang, the author of the famous "Fisherman's Song", was hit in the waist, and his wife was by his side, but the firepower of the recalcitrant army was too dense for the comrades around him to rescue. "What should I do?" Qian Junrui asked Ye Ting. "......" Commander Ye, who had no soldiers to defend against the enemy, and didn't even have a stretcher to deploy, had to shake his head. Qian Junrui wanted to take the guards over, but he was also pulled by the surrounding comrades and retreated to the ravine.
Qian Junrui was very sad for Ren Guangzhi's sacrifice! Later, after he finally escaped under the cover of the local people, he wrote in the book "The Tragic Changes in Southern Anhui": "Mr. Ren Guang's body must have been trampled on by his own compatriots. He must have died. This new generation of great musicians must be dead! Our future Majekovsky must be dead! The singer of our people and warriors must be dead! ”
He worked hard to create China's world economy
After escaping from the "Southern Anhui Incident", Qian Junrui came to the New Fourth Army's base area in northern Jiangsu, where he served as secretary of the Central China Bureau's Cultural Affairs Committee, editor-in-chief of the Jianghuai Daily, and later as director of the Propaganda and Education Department of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army.
In March 1946, Qian Junrui, who was in the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army in Linyi, Shandong, received an order from the Party Central Committee to go to Beiping to participate in the Military Adjustment Office and served as the director of the Beiping Branch of the Xinhua News Agency. By coincidence, Qian Junrui became one of the important figures who guided Wang Guangmei onto the revolutionary road in Beiping. At that time, Wang Guangmei, who was studying at Furen University in Beiping, was introduced by her sister-in-law, Wang Xin, an underground member of the Communist Party of China, to Cui Yueli, the head of the school's working committee. Wang Guangmei, who was already a teaching assistant at Fu Jen University, originally planned to study in the United States, but Cui Yueli suggested that she work as an interpreter for the CCP delegation of the Executive Department of the newly established Beiping Military Adjustment Office, which changed Wang Guangmei's life. How to send Wang Guangmei to the Executive Department of the Military Adjustment Department? According to the arrangement of the underground party, Wang Guangmei found Qian Junrui, director of the Beiping branch of the Xinhua News Agency, and then took Qian Junrui's letter and went to the military adjustment department in Cuimingzhuang, Beiping, to report to Li Kenong, secretary general of the CPC delegation. After the failure of the military adjustment, Qian Junrui returned to Yan'an with Wang Guangmei and others. In Yan'an, Qian Junrui served as secretary of the Party Central Committee.
At the beginning of 1949, when the People's Republic of China was being founded, Liu Shaoqi recommended Qian Junrui to Mao Zedong as the vice minister of education to assist Minister Ma Xulun in his work. Mao Zedong also appreciated Qian Junrui, and when he was in Yan'an, Mao Zedong had two in-depth talks with him to understand the methods of investigation and research of the rural economy, so he readily agreed. In October 1954, Qian Junrui served as Secretary of the Party Leadership Group of the Ministry of Culture, Vice Minister and Deputy Director of the State Council Office of Culture and Education. In 1956, at the "Eighth National Congress" of the Communist Party of China, Qian Junrui was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee.
Who would have thought that these experiences would bring Qian Junrui to prison in the "Cultural Revolution". Jiang Qing slandered Qian Junrui as "Liu Shaoqi's black general", and he was imprisoned in Qincheng Prison for nearly eight years. In prison, Qian Junrui was beaten to death three times and passed out, leaving severe wounds on his spine. During his detention, he was held in a cell with Peng Dehuai. But it was stipulated that the two were not allowed to talk. It was not until 1975, when Deng Xiaoping resumed presiding over the work, that Qian Junrui was released.
In 1978, he was appointed director of the Institute of World Economy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Under his auspices, the Draft National Development Plan for the Discipline of World Economy for the Period 1978-1985 was formulated. He initiated the establishment of the China Association of World Economics and served as its first president. He also participated in the establishment of the "World Economic Herald" and served as its president. After 1980, he also served as an advisor to the State Planning Commission and director of the Foreign Trade Research Center of the State Import and Export Administration.
Qian Junrui not only devoted himself to the creation of China's world economics, but also devoted himself to solving many problems encountered in the initial stage of China's reform and opening up. After he returned to China from his study tour and lectures in Europe and the United States, he wrote the famous articles "Some Theoretical Issues on the Strategy of Opening Up to the Outside World," "Adjustment and Reform of China's Economy," "Several Questions on the US Economy," and "Doing a Good Job in the Study of the World Economy in Accordance with the Law of Scientific Research," thus making important theoretical contributions to emancipating the mind and promoting the reform of the economic system.
Qian Junrui was born in a peasant family, his father worked as a long-term laborer, a poor farmer, he entered a private school when he was a teenager, due to the difficulty of his family, while studying, his mother took him to do some farm work. In 1927, Qian Junrui graduated from the Third Normal School of Jiangsu Province, and then participated in revolutionary work and joined the Communist Party of China.
On January 3, 1941, when Qian Junrui was the Minister of Propaganda and Education of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army, he rode to Yunling with Army Commander Ye Ting, Deputy Army Commander Xiang Ying and others. After climbing to the top of the mountain, Ye Ting's poetry was full of enthusiasm, pointed to the mountain with a cane, and blurted out two lines of poetry: "The mountain in the fog and the clouds, try to see it with the cliff." Then he turned his head and asked Qian Junrui to add two sentences and write a poem of seven uniques.
Qian Junrui read classical scriptures when he was a child, and immediately said two sentences: "The peak of the layer goes straight up to 3,000 zhang, and the dragon returns in an instant." At that time, the poem spread among the New Fourth Army and greatly boosted the morale of the army.
The military headquarters of the New Fourth Army began to move north on the evening of January 4, and on January 5, the whole army arrived in the Maolin area of Jing County. On the 7th, the troops acted according to the original plan, and the military headquarters passed through Piling with the second column, passing by a cliff, stopping to rest, and will go, Ye Ting suddenly became elegant, stood next to the mountain and called: "Junrui, I have two poems, you take the clouds and form a poem, okay?" Qian Junrui was naturally relaxed and happy about this beautiful scenery of turning peaks and loops, clouds and mist, and towering streams, and happily responded: "Okay, I don't know if I can catch it?" Ye Ting didn't care if he picked it up or not, and chanted: "The beauty in the fog is in the clouds, and the cliff is immediately ready to take a look." Qian Junrui thought for a while, then changed his tone and said: "The peak of the layer goes straight up to three thousand zhang, and the dragon flies with wings." ”
But this is just Qian Junrui's good wishes. Before the sound of chanting ceased, the bloody battle ahead began. Fortunately, the New Fourth Army in the first battle was in full swing, repelling the enemy blocking the road all the way, until the exit of Baihukeng, was blocked by the 120th Regiment of the 40th Division of the Kuomintang Army outside Xingtan Village. At that time, the first and third columns were blocked, and they could not attack Xingtan as originally planned. In the afternoon of the same day, Ye Ting took a few guards to inspect the line of fire, and learned that part of the pit mouth was still occupied by friendly troops, and in front of the pit mouth was Xingtan Village, and the 40th Division of the friendly army had built a pillbox in the village, two of which were auxiliary pillboxes and the New Fourth Army had already occupied them, and the main one was still in the hands of friendly troops. Because Ye Ting had no right to deal with it on the spot, he could not put in reinforcements according to his own intentions, so he had to return to Baihukeng to report to Xiang Ying in the Chinese military tent and wait for instructions. Xiang Ying did not have any ideas, and at the military meeting convened by him, he vetoed the plan of Ye Ting and others under various pretexts, and after six or seven hours of indecision, Ye Ting became angry. At this point, Xiang Yingcai accepted Zhou Zikun's plan to return to the original road and then go out of Gaoling. Ye Ting had no choice but to give an order based on this, and while moving, he repeatedly passed orders, and he was absolutely not allowed to light the lamp or fall behind.
On the 8th, he was blocked by the 79th Division of the recalcitrant army in Gaoling, and Ye Ting led his guards to the front line to inspect. In fact, it is meaningless for Ye Ting to act alone, sure enough, after Xiang Ying encountered obstacles, he asked Ye Ting to come back for a meeting to discuss solutions, Ye Ting has lost confidence in Xiang Ying's leadership, and he also has doubts about the future of the troops, but he is powerless, and he feels that there is nowhere to use his strength, and there is nowhere to go out if he has anger. At the meeting, Rao Shushi rose up to criticize Xiang Ying, and Ye Ting agreed with Rao Shushi's criticism and shed sad tears. That night, he and Qian Junrui lived in a small attic room, and he told Qian Junrui that he had called Chongqing and Yan'an to explain his current situation. He believes that this situation may not be solved by repeated forbearance, and if this continues, the entire army and horses will be dragged to death. He also recounted his retreat from the Chaoshan area after the defeat of the Great Revolution, and could not help but sigh after finishing his words. Ye Ting has no confidants in the New Fourth Army, many of his inner words can't be said to other leaders, and they can't get together, Qian Junrui and Ye Ting came to southern Anhui from Chongqing in the summer of 1940, and they talked to each other quite well, so on the way to the north, Ye Ting has always taken Qian Junrui with him, and when he has nothing to do, he talks with Qian Junrui.
At dawn on the 9th, the military department arrived in Gaotan, and Ye Ting rested in the ancestral hall of the Wang family in Gaotan. Because of Xiang Ying and the others' farewell, the burden fell on Ye Ting. A person who does not control the army in peacetime needs courage and, even more, consciousness, to take over this mess when the army is in a difficult situation, when the structure is almost disrupted, and when the communication between various ministries is extremely difficult. In the vicinity of Gaotan, after commanding the troops to seize the two slopes on the left and right of the ancestral hall, he continued to advance in depth, just at this time, the commander of the third column, Zhang Zhengkun, came, and Ye Ting immediately ordered him to lead people to the right flank, bypassing the back of the recalcitrant army, and trying to break out of a road. After the deployment was completed, the comrades of the Political Department brought a platoon commander of the 144th Division of the recalcitrant army who had just led half a platoon of people to surrender to Jin, Ye Ting comforted him, and then asked him his name and which unit he was in, and he answered them one by one.
"Why do you want to surrender?" Ye Ting asked with a smile, shaking the cane that he carried with him in his hand.
"We don't want to fight the New Fourth Army."
"Why don't you want to fight our New Fourth Army?"
"Because the New Fourth Army resisted Japan. We fought the Japanese with you. ”
"Isn't the New Fourth Army a 'bandit army'? How do you believe that he will resist the Japanese? Ye Ting said with a smile. Everyone laughed. Ye Ting is a very humorous person, for example, he once said to the old man in his 60s who guarded the ancestral hall of the Wang family: "Your Wang family has grown old, and the emperor Wang Jingwei has been born, will you surnamed Wang still suffer?" The old man was so embarrassed that he shook his hand again and again: "No, no, official, he is the Wang of Guangdong, and we are the Wang of Anhui." We don't have a crossover, officer! ”
The recalcitrant platoon commander also shook his hand again and again: "No, no, that's what our commander taught us." We know that the New Fourth Army is equal and civilized, and you can fight the enemy. This time, the commander ordered us to go out, saying that it was to fight the enemy, but who knew that it was to fight you! ”
At this time, the gunfire behind the ancestral hall became tight again, and Ye Ting instructed the Political Department to take good care of those friendly soldiers, that is, he brought staff officers and guards to the mountain to supervise the battle. Climbing to the top of the mountain, Ye Ting held a telescope, hung a camera, and held a cane, standing there alone to observe the enemy position, and let the opponent's bullets fly past him in a "tiger, tiger, cut, cut". This heroic image of him as a death-defying hero recurred many times in the following days, and somewhat similar to the image of a battlefield commander on the eve of Napoleon's defeat, probably with the intention of hoping that enemy bullets would hit him. After a day of fierce fighting on the 9th, the New Fourth Army captured Dongliu Mountain, that night, Ye Ting with three regiments as the vanguard, after the teaching team was broken, covering the military headquarters to break through to Dakeng, but when entering the side of the mountain on the side of Dakeng, it was ambushed by the stubborn 108th Division, and all the troops were scattered, Ye Ting was also washed down, rolled down the mountain, and ran back to Shijingkeng, except for a few cadres at hand, there were less than 20 armed soldiers.
After entering the Shijing pit, Ye Ting found a house to live in temporarily, and rested for a while, when there were no soldiers around, and even the people guarding the house could not be found. Fortunately, the enemy did not know the situation at night and did not attack immediately. After dawn, Ye Ting entered a grass hut, and used a telescope to observe the opposite mountain from the leak on the roof of the grass shed, and did not find the enemy, but just returned to his residence, the gunfire on the opposite hill was tight, and the enemy also appeared on the mountain behind. Ye Ting asked everyone to prepare civilian clothes, try to get away separately, and he walked to the window, looked at the situation, and saw two of his own soldiers lying on their backs and snoring and sleeping, and couldn't help but feel sad and burst into tears, he took out his handkerchief, wiped his tears, returned to the table, and handed over a telegram to the secretariat to take pictures of Yan'an:
Please Yan'an decide to transfer Chairman Jiang and Commander Gu Junjian:
In this incident, he should take full responsibility, and a hundred deaths are not enough to cover his guilt, but all the officers and men of the army are in the siege, and they will fight for five days, and those who do it can only obey the order to cross north. But the situation is lonely, and the ammunition is exhausted. If the Mongols open a door to the opportunity to serve the life and the field, it will be a blessing to the country. Although Hao leads the tail, Han also waits. Fear of electricity, capital crime, capital crime.
Ye Ting knocked in the siege of Jing County
This so-called petition did not damage Ye Ting's image, he paid the price of his own life and the honor of the soldiers, in exchange for the survival of many officers and men of the New Fourth Army, showing the noble spirit of a martyr who did not care about personal gains and losses. When sending this telegram, Ye Ting also sent a telegram, and also asked Yan'an to try to transfer it to Macao to his wife, saying that he was besieged at this time, and his life was generally not guaranteed, but such a sacrifice was unexpected. In the end, he instructed his wife to do good deeds and raise his children, so that he could inherit his father's ambition. He sobbed as he drafted. The comrades in the room also sobbed. Ye Ting also asked Qian Junrui to call Hong Kong to entrust the aftermath.
As the brigade gathered in Shijingkeng, Ye Tingcai raised his confidence a little, arranged for the troops to hold on to the surrounding hills, and tried to hold out for a week, hoping that the negotiations with Yan'an would be fruitful. However, Ye Ting overestimated the combat effectiveness of the New Fourth Army, and the futile round-trip and long-term rush in the mountains had exhausted the energy of the New Fourth Army. Ye Ting had a clear understanding of this and was fully aware that the breakthrough of the large army was desperate, and he was determined to take the form of a decisive positional battle to create a new Huanghuagang. On the morning of the 12th, the enemy's general attack began, and soon after, the positions of the New Fourth Army were in a hurry, and it was only after most of the reserves were put in that they stabilized slightly. It was almost late, the main position of the New Fourth Army was in an emergency, and the other positions were also in constant danger, and the total reserve of troops was already a drop in the bucket and to no avail. Ye Ting's command post on a small hillside was also directly exposed to the enemy's muzzle, Ye Ting knew that the last moment had come, he stood on the hillside of the command post like a steel man, and the bullets flew past his ears and his head with a "cut, cut" cry...... At this time, several high-ranking cadres suggested to him that the situation was irreparable, and that he had to maintain his strength. He was silent for about two minutes, then calmly turned to look at the surrounding hills, then turned back and said briefly, "I agree with you. Then he pointed at Zhou Zikun and said, "You immediately make a plan according to this intention!" "At midnight on the 12th, the units of the New Fourth Army began to operate in accordance with the deployment of cadres scattered across the blockade line and combat units trying to rush out. At this time, it was reported that Ren Guang was injured. On January 21, 1941, in the "Prison Language" written by Ye Ting in prison, he only talked about Ren Guang in the New Fourth Army. His words said: "My best friend Ren Guang is a famous Chinese musician, and his masterpieces such as "Yuguang Song" and "Wang Lao Wu" are all masterpieces. After following me to the army, there are many new works, unique style, the psychology of the masses and the problem of popularization are deeply clear, the army is called 'Wang Lao Wu', this time led his new love to march with the rest of the army, and suffered a lot of danger. On the morning of the 10th, in Gaotan Township, in the midst of fierce fighting, the teaching team was ordered by me to join the front-line battle. After my short speech, the crowd was excited. Ren Jun commanded and sang his new song "Eastward Advance Song", which formed the greatest battle symphony with the sound of machine guns and grenades around it, and that night, the whole army moved to Shijin Pit, where they were fired by machine guns along the way. Ren Jun and his wife were intercepted after Yu Hou and fled to a private house. On the morning of the next day (the 11th), the remnants knew it, and people were looking for it. Looking at the state of his food and exhaustion, he deeply mourned the suffering of the national genius with the rest, and felt ashamed. And on the twelfth, during the siege and hard fighting, the situation was extremely tense, and he had no time to take care of his wife. In the night, fires burned on all sides, tracer bullets flew in all directions like silkworm arrows, the flank and rear lines had been broken, and the rest had to move. Seeing the rest of the feet lying in the pile of people, do not [suddenly] there are two people tossing and turning on the ground, and their wails cannot be heard in the sound of fierce battle. Someone shouted: 'Wang Lao Wu' is injured! Yu is nearsighted, knowing that it is important in the abdomen. When the fireflies and locusts fly, the rest of the heart is painful, and the speechless note is enough to comfort it, but it is not enough to help it. Later, I heard the soldier say that the wife of 'Wang Lao Wu' was also injured. Ren Jun and his wife are regarded as mandarin ducks with the same fate, sad! May a musician write a lament for me in the Hereafter. ”
After the Shijingkeng breakout operation began, the military headquarters advanced to the Dakangwang area northeast of Shijingkeng, and the rest were divided into two routes: one from Fengcun to Dongqingshu; Second, in the direction of Maolin. After the army headquarters came out of the stone well pit and climbed over a large mountain, it was surrounded by enemy troops again, and the troops were scattered. In order to save some of the surviving officers and soldiers of the New Fourth Army, Ye Ting and Rao Shushi discussed and decided to go to the 52nd Division to negotiate, but on the way down the mountain, they were detained by the recalcitrant army. From then on, Ye Ting began the last 5 years of his life as a prisoner. After long negotiations by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Ye Ting was released in March 1946. The day after he was released from prison, Ye Ting called the Central Committee to ask for re-entry into the party, which was approved two days later. On April 8, 1946, when he went to Yan'an, he was killed in a plane crash.
The New Fourth Army has prepared a number of qualified personnel for economic construction for New China
At the very beginning of its founding, the New Fourth Army attached importance to recruiting intellectuals and outstanding talents, including some experts who have studied China's economy and have made considerable theoretical achievements. After joining the New Fourth Army, they made contributions to stabilizing and developing the economy of the base areas and improving the people's livelihood. After the founding of New China, they combined the experience of economic work in the anti-Japanese base areas and liberated areas with the practice of economic construction in New China, provided theoretical guidance and basis for New China in formulating economic policies, and made important contributions to New China's economic construction and social development.
Economic research talents in the New Fourth Army
Xue Weiqiao, who studied political economy in his early years, served as the editor-in-chief of "Rural China". After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Xue Duqiao joined the New Fourth Army, and after the adventure of the Southern Anhui Incident, he came to Shandong to preside over the economic work. At that time, under the pressure of the Kuomintang government issuing legal tender and the Japanese puppet government issuing counterfeit currency, the anti-currency issued by the base area was at a disadvantage, and prices fluctuated sharply. Xue Duqiao believes that the only way to stabilize prices is to expel the fiat currency and make the anti-currency occupy the market. Soon after the implementation of this measure, the ratio of anti-currency and fiat currency changed from the original 1:2 to 1:6, and the landlords who hoarded fiat currency threw out fiat currency one after another, and the anti-currency occupied the market, and prices fell sharply.
Luo Gengmo, who studied China's economic issues in his early years, served as secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Work Committee of the Communist Party of China after the outbreak of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. At the beginning of 1941, Luo Gengmo came to the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army and was appointed deputy director of the Finance and Economics Department of the Military Department of the New Fourth Army and president of the Jianghuai Bank. After taking office, Luo Gengmo strengthened tax collection work, collected public grain, issued anti-currency currency, and brilliantly fulfilled the tasks assigned by the party. Later, he went to the Third Division of the New Fourth Army to take charge of the financial and economic work in Yanfu District, first of all, to carry out land registration and go through the formalities of deed inspection, and secondly, to set up a production and construction bureau in the financial and economic department, to plant vegetables and organize cotton textile production, thus ensuring the financial needs of the army. In May 1945, he served as the Minister of Supply of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Military Region, and later served as the Minister of Supply of the Central China Military Region. In 1947, he served as the deputy director of the Supply Department of the East China Bureau, and founded the East China Supply School, which trained a large number of financial and economic workers for the party. In the spring of 1948, under the order of Chen Yi, Huaye's first financial and economic takeover cadre brigade was formed.
Gu Zhun, known as a "peculiar young genius", mastered modern accounting knowledge through self-study of accounting. In the 30s of the last century, he published a number of accounting books and was a well-known accountant in Shanghai. His book "Bank Accounting" became the first bank accounting textbook in China and was adopted by various universities. After 1940, he served as the deputy director of the financial and economic department of Yanfu District in northern Jiangsu and the deputy director of the financial and economic department of Huaihai District.
Sun Yefang, in 1930 in Shanghai engaged in the workers' movement and left-wing cultural movement, actively participated in the organization of the China Rural Economic Research Association, and edited the "China Rural" magazine, published many papers on China's rural economy with Marxist views, in 1941 to work in the anti-Japanese base area in northern Jiangsu, successively served as the head of the education section of the Propaganda Department of the Central China Bureau of the Central China Committee, the head of the education section of the Party School of the Central China Bureau, the director of the Propaganda Department of the Jinpu Road West Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the director of the goods management bureau of the Suzhou-Anhui border area.
After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Feng participated in the "National Salvation Congress" led by Shen Junru and others, taught revolutionary theory to young students, propagated anti-Japanese resistance and democracy, and wrote articles for magazines and newspapers such as the Shanghai underground party's "Unity". In 1944, he successively served as a professor at Jianghuai University, the fourth branch of Kang University, and the fifth branch of Kang University, the base area of Huaibei; In 1945, he served as the vice president of Subei Public School and a professor of Huazhong Construction University; Since 1946, he has successively served as deputy director of the Department of Political Science and professor of economics at Shandong University, and professor of economics at East China University, contributing to the construction of anti-Japanese base areas and the training of cadres.
In 1929, Qian Junrui wrote a number of papers such as "A Study on the Nature of China's Rural Economy at the Present Stage" and "The Nature of China's Land Rent". Qian Junrui advocates the study of the world economy as an independent discipline. In 1936, Qian Junrui published the book "How to Study China's Economy". In 1940, Qian Junrui entered the anti-Japanese base area in Central China and successively served as the secretary of the Cultural Committee of the Central China Bureau and the director of the Propaganda and Education Department of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was transferred to the Executive Department of the Beiping Military Adjustment Office, and served as the director and editor-in-chief of the Beiping Branch of the Xinhua News Agency.
The contribution of the economists of the New Fourth Army to the economic construction of New China
After the liberation of Shanghai, the economy was full of difficulties and crises. In particular, the illegal trade of silver dollars is rampant, the newly issued renminbi is untenable, various enterprises are under-operational, and the citizens cannot even guarantee the supply of rations and daily necessities. Kuomintang radio predicted that the Communist Party would not stay in Shanghai for more than half a year. In the face of the new situation and difficulties, the East China Bureau and the Finance Committee of the East China Bureau introduced macroeconomic regulation and control measures, and Luo Gengmo, as a member of the Finance Committee of the East China Bureau, combined the financial takeover with future construction, worked out a practical and effective plan to crack down on economic crimes, effectively stopped hyperinflation, and stabilized the economy of Greater Shanghai. This is the first victory of great significance in the field of finance and economics of New China. From 1954 onwards, Luo Gengmo served as director and deputy director of the Cost and Price Bureau of the State Planning Commission. Since 1990, Luo Gengmo has presided over the key scientific research projects of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "Theoretical Analysis of the Characteristics of the Commodity Economy in the Primary Stage of Socialism in the Mainland" and "Investigation and Typical Investigation Report on the Reform of the Economic System in the Mainland in the Past Ten Years". He is the author of "Three Problems of Transition from Capitalism to Communism", "Controversy and Analysis of the Socialist Commodity Currency Issue", "Several Theoretical Issues on the Socialist Planned Economy", etc.
On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai, Gu Zhun was appointed as the captain of the Qingzhou Corps (a cadre team that took over Shanghai's financial and economic work). In May 1949, he returned to Shanghai with the army and served as director of the Shanghai Municipal Finance Bureau and director of the Taxation Bureau, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Financial and Economic Commission, and deputy director of the Finance Department of the East China Military and Political Commission, making contributions to Shanghai's fiscal and taxation work after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In 1956, after joining the Institute of Economic Research (now part of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) as a researcher, he began to study the status of commodity money and the law of value in the socialist economy, and was the first to put forward and demonstrate that it is impossible for the planned system to completely eliminate the commodity money relationship and the law of value, and wrote the book "On the Law of Commodity Production and Value under the Socialist System", and was the first person to put forward the theory of market economy under socialist conditions. In 1957, he served as deputy director of the Resources Comprehensive Investigation Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, but was wrongly classified as a "rightist" in the subsequent anti-"rightist" campaign. In September 1994, the Collected Works of Gu Zhun was published, and in September 1997, Gu Zhun's Diary was published, which caused a "whirlwind of Gu Zhun" in China's intellectual and ideological circles.
In May 1949, Sun Yefang was appointed director of the Industrial Division of the Shanghai Military Control Commission, and later deputy director of the Industrial Department of the East China Military and Political Commission, and in 1955, he was appointed deputy director of the Statistics Bureau of the State Council, and in November 1956, he wrote "Putting Planning and Statistics on the Basis of the Law of Value". He believes that correctly handling the relationship between the centralized leadership of the state and the independent operation of enterprises is the central issue in the reform of the economic structure. The plan should be based on the law of value; Simple reproduction and expanded reproduction according to the amount of capital value as the criterion for dividing the small power of the enterprise and the great power of the state; It is necessary to act in accordance with objective economic laws, correctly use economic levers, and enhance the status of profit indicators in economic management. In 1958, Sun Yefang saw in many places that small blast furnaces were used to make iron, regardless of the cost, and even smelted a pile of scrap iron. During the investigation in the rural areas, he saw the serious consequences of blowing the "communist wind" and eating "rice in a big pot," so he wrote more than 10 reports of several hundred thousand words to the central leaders in charge of economic work, frankly admitting that the "Great Leap Forward" regarded the law of socialist construction too simply and committed the fault of voluntarism. He was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and imprisoned in Qincheng Prison for 7 years. He was in prison and continued to study the economy. There was no pen and paper in prison, so he typed the manuscript. The 500,000-word "Theory of Socialist Economy" was written silently 85 times with astonishing perseverance. On April 10, 1975, after Sun Yefang was released from prison, he continued to write "We Must Grasp Socialist Profits with Confidence", "Some Theoretical Issues of Socialist Economy", "Outline of Socialist Economic Theory", etc.
Qian Junrui was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and imprisoned for eight years. He has devoted his life to the study of the world economy, which is of great significance for the integration of China's economy with the world, the integration of China's economy into the global economy, and the future development of China's economy. He is the author of "World Economy and World Economics", "World Economy and Chinese Economy", and "Exploration of the Law of Contemporary World Economic Development". In 1978, he became the director of the Institute of World Economy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, led the formulation of the "Draft Development Plan for the Discipline of World Economy from 1978 to 1985", prepared for the establishment of the World Economic Data Center, initiated the establishment of the China Association of World Economics, and was elected as its president. He has written and published a number of papers on the world economy, edited the "Introduction to the World Economy" and "World Economic Yearbook", and published monographs such as "On Opening to the Outside World" and "On Reform".
In 1966, Xue Weiqiao served as deputy director of the State Planning Commission and prepared to write the first draft of "Research on China's Socialist Economic Issues". In August 1979, this 11-year-old economic work was finally completed after seven revisions, and in December, it was published by the People's Publishing House. This is a textbook for enlightening all cadres in the reform of the economic system. In the spring of 1991, in view of the ideological tendency that might lead to a reversal of reform, Xue Weiqiao wrote "Some Theoretical Issues Concerning the Socialist Economy," which analyzed 10 aspects, including commodities, money, market planning, labor wages, finance and taxation, banking and finance, ownership, and enterprise system, and made a comprehensive exposition of the reform proposals for many years, thus raising the understanding of the "market economy" to a new theoretical level. As the first generation of socialist economists and senior economic officials in New China, Xue Weiqiao personally participated in the construction of China's two economic systems. He was one of the architects of the socialist planned economic system in New China, but he was also the first to take the initiative to carry out painful and profound reflection on this rigid system.