#头条首发大赛#月球作为离地球最近的星体, its special location, and special environment, for billions of years, contain extremely rich resources.
Not to mention the well-known helium-3, there are about five minerals that are not found on the earth.
Graphene has also recently been found in lunar soil.
What is Graphene? This is currently the only two-dimensional material in the natural world, and two-dimensional materials appear in the three-dimensional world, which gives graphene a lot of special properties.
But on the planet, production can only be done by artificial production, and the technology is in the hands of a few countries.
Now you don't need any technology, you can find graphene by digging some lunar soil.
There is also iron, which contains billions of tons of iron in the five-centimeter-thick layer of soil on the surface of the moon.
Therefore, after the manned landing on the moon, a lunar base will inevitably be established, which will be used for scientific research on the one hand, and exploit resources on the other.
Of course, if you want to build a lunar base that can mine resources, you can't build it all at once.
Start with the most rudimentary robot base, then launch a lunar base that can move around like an RV, then a lunar base that is spliced together with modular capsules like a space station, then step into a permanent lunar base built of reinforced concrete, and finally build a lunar factory, and then form a lunar city that can accommodate thousands of people to work, live and live.
Therefore, it will take a long time to build a lunar base and mine resources.
But this does not prevent scientists from planning the moon city now.
The United States has proposed a plan to solve the problem of transporting mined lunar resources - to build a lunar railway.
So let's talk about the issue of the lunar railroad today.
Lunar Railway
Building a railroad on the moon feels a bit whimsical when you think about it.
The first question that comes to some people's minds is that the gravity of the moon is only one-sixth of that of the earth, and whether the locomotive on the railroad will drive the train out of the moon.
After all, gravity is too small, and the speed of escaping the moon's restraint is easily reached.
Of course, this idea is a bit exaggerated, after all, no matter how small the moon's gravity is, if you want to escape the moon, you have to reach a speed of 1.2.4 kilometers per second.
But in any case, going too fast on the moon is not a good thing.
In fact, the most troublesome problem in building a railway on the moon is lunar soil.
The moon is a very dry environment, there is no liquid water, but there is water ice, but the water ice is concentrated in the places where the poles of the moon are dark all year round and are not illuminated by the sun's rays.
As a result, the lunar soil is extremely dry, and as a result, the lunar soil is not easily compacted.
In the case of a railway built on the ground, for example, two rails must be erected on a solid foundation.
For example, when China built the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, there was a continuous permafrost area of 550 kilometers long.
Permafrost is an extremely unstable soil structure, which is firm in winter and unstable in summer.
Foreign experts shook their heads when they came, how could a railway be built in this place?
As a result, China used 15,000 hot rods to permanently freeze the permafrost, which gave the railway a stable foundation.
Then the lunar soil on the moon cannot be compacted, which means that there is no solid foundation.
Of course, one might wonder, why compact? Isn't it enough to use building materials to build the foundation?
The idea is feasible if it were on Earth.
But there is a question that has been thought about no, the special environment of the moon.
Fifteen days in one day and fifteen days in one night, the temperature difference between day and night can reach an astonishing 300 degrees.
What kind of material can withstand such a high temperature difference?
It was used well during the day, and after a dark night, hey, it was all cracked.
And on average, the Moon is attacked by several tons of meteorites or asteroids every day.
The railroad that was built was smashed by these stars, what should I do?
难道要重修吗?
You must know that if there are no building materials on the moon, they can only be shipped from the earth.
Taking the US Space Shuttle as an example, transporting one kilogram of stuff to the International Space Station costs $22,000, an altitude of only 400 kilometers.
And the distance from the Earth to the Moon is 380,000 kilometers, which is a very terrifying cost.
Engaging in scientific research can afford to exceed the cost, but to mine, this is a bit unreasonable.
Moreover, the soil of the moon is not the same as the soil of the earth.
The lunar soil contains a lot of iron, and because the moon has no wind, it cannot be rounded down these small things, so these lunar soils look like sharp knives hidden inside.
The flying lunar soil flies into the train equipment, and how long these train equipment will last is a question.
Moreover, in a dry environment, there is also a phenomenon of frictional electricity, and there is more static electricity, and the harm is not small.
So if you want to build a lunar railway according to the method of building a railway on the ground, don't think about it, just four words - a fool's dream.
So what if you have to fix it?
It can only reduce the cost of railway construction, reduce the cost to an acceptable level, and the speed of construction or maintenance must be fast.
The United States plans to build a lunar railway
The United States has proposed a scheme called magnetic levitation flexible track.
Magnetic levitation is easy to understand, but how to understand this flexible track?
To put it simply, it divides the train's track into three parts.
The first part is equivalent to direct contact between the ground and the lunar soil.
This part looks like a piece of cloth spread on the surface of the moon.
The effect is to press the lunar soil firmly underneath and prevent it from flying casually.
Part 2: Create a magnetic field that can hold up the train.
This magnetic field needed a material that could be energized to make it, and looking for it, the Americans came up with graphene.
Because the resistance of graphene is very small, smaller than copper and silver, it is currently the smallest resistivity material in the world, and it can even be used as a material for solar cells.
The most important thing is that graphene is very thin, and the thin can transmit light, which means that the weight of graphene needed by a railway is not too large.
Therefore, even if the graphene in the lunar soil cannot be used, it can be replenished by space transportation.
Of course, a maglev train also needs a power supply, a large enough power supply.
So this plan of the United States puts the power supply on the third part.
Ultra-thin, flexible solar panels were used as the third section of this railway.
China is at the forefront of this field, taking China's ultra-thin flexible solar panels as an example, which are only one millimeter thick and can be packaged if necessary.
Well, a perfect maglev railway track is finished.
Sounds great.
But some things are not for listening, they are for doing, and no matter how good things are, they are not as good as imagined when they are implemented.
In addition, there are many proposals put forward by the United States, but it is not for nothing that has not yet been realized.
For example, the United States has co-opted several countries to build a deep space gate in lunar orbit.
The so-called Deep Space Gate is actually the lunar orbital space station, which was originally planned to be carried out along with the US plan to return to the moon.
But for technical reasons, the Deep Space Gate was stripped from the return to the moon.
Another example is their plan to return to the moon, which has also been pushed again and again.
Then this lunar railway plan, it seems that it was pushed out a little early.
This kind of mistake has not been encountered by the United States once or twice.
For example, their plane, announced that the lift coefficient was 2.2, and China rushed to 2.0 in a hurry, almost.
As a result, when the truth was revealed, the lift coefficient of the American aircraft was only 1.5.
Similar mistakes have occurred more than once or twice.
So this time the moon train depicts the scene, see if you can.
Why?
This reason is actually mentioned before in the article, the huge temperature difference between day and night on the moon is as high as 300 degrees.
What kind of material can withstand such a high temperature difference?
The flag unfurled by China's probe landing on the moon is made of basalt silk.
Basalt is drawn at high temperatures and then made.
The purpose is to resist the harsh environment on the moon, and this technology is very.
However, for China, since it has been successful, it will be much better for China to use basalt to make space objects in the future.
For example, making spacesuits, making space capsules, making moon bases, and so on.
Don't look at the material made of basalt, the material made of stone, the weight is not heavy.
Coupled with the gravity in the space environment, there is no or microgravity, and the gravity of the moon is only one-sixth of that of the earth, so the weight is not too big.
So if China has this material, can it build a flexible lunar maglev orbit?
Actually, there is no need for this.
At present, China's lunar base plan has been announced.
For example, using lava pipes on the moon to build a lunar base.
In the process of building a lunar base, robots are used as an aid.
And as mentioned above, building a lunar base is not achieved overnight, starting from a rudimentary robot lunar base with only robots stationed for a long time at the lowest level, to primary, intermediate, advanced, and then to the moon factory, the ultimate goal is the process of connecting multiple lunar factories to form a lunar city.
Primary, intermediate, and advanced lunar bases are mostly for the purpose of scientific research, accompanied by a small amount of mining, and there is no need for large-load transportation vehicles such as railways, which can be completely replaced by robots.
Then when the lunar base enters the lunar factory from the advanced level, at this time human beings will have a deeper understanding of the moon, and it is not too late to consider the problem of large-scale transportation.
Before landing on the moon, I began to ponder this question, a little too early.
Just like China, which has now collected lunar soil and studied it on the ground, it has come to unexpected conclusions and discovered graphene, and at the same time, it has also determined that lunar soil can be used as a building material.
This saves a lot of money and time.
At the same time, it was also determined that the use of 3D printing technology and the use of lunar soil can also be used as a basic material for printing.
Therefore, for a place, the first thing is to understand, and then analyze and process the information that is understood, which is the best way.