[Source: Healthy Guizhou]
The intestines are an important part of the human digestive system, and many people's appetite will deteriorate during the rainy season. In addition to the appetite will be less than usual, even after eating, the stomach will be swollen, and people will not be able to lift their spirits. In some cases, symptoms of indigestion such as stomach pain, acid reflux, nausea and diarrhea may occur, and gastrointestinal diseases may also be triggered. Experts from the Department of Gastroenterology of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University remind you that there is such a special type of intestinal disease that you may ignore:
01
What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
它是一类由自身免疫系统攻击肠道而引起的慢性肠道疾病，包括克罗恩病(Crohn's Disease，CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative Colitis，UC)两种类型。
In recent years, some studies have found that the global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing year by year, with 1 million and 2.5 million patients in the United States and Europe respectively, and the number of IBD cases in China has also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, according to the data of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014, the total number of IBD cases in China between 2005 and 2014 is about 350,000, and it is expected to reach 1.5 million in 2025. It can be seen that inflammatory bowel disease has now become a common disease of the digestive system in mainland China.
02
What are the clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease?
(1) Crohn's disease:
Main manifestations: diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, weight loss, fatigue.
Fever , joint pain, joint stiffness, redness and pain in the eyes, growth or sexual delay in children, redness and pain in the skin, and mouth sores may also occur.
Complications of Crohn's disease include: fistula, stricture, abscess, and intestinal perforation.
(2) Ulcerative colitis:
Main manifestations: diarrhea, often mucus and bloody stools, often accompanied by lower abdominal pain, especially in the left lower abdomen. There may also be: abdominal pain, tenesmus, varying degrees of systemic symptoms, bloating, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, malnutrition, arthritis, mouth ulcers.
Complications of ulcerative colitis include massive bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon, and cancer.
03
Diagnosis
Digestive tract diseases often manifest as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, etc., and during the rainy season, digestive tract diseases such as bacterial infections, viral infections, and fungal infections caused by unclean diets are easily confused, and it is difficult to accurately diagnose these symptoms alone. Diagnosis is confirmed by a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, imaging studies, endoscopy, especially colonoscopy, and pathological biopsy. In general:
(1) The lesions of Crohn's disease are often full-seat, and the diseased intestine and the healthy intestine can alternate, which is called the "jumping" phenomenon, and the part that often involves the end of the small intestine is the part.
(2) The lesions of ulcerative colitis mostly start from the rectum and gradually continue upward to the entire colon, but are confined to the large intestine. Mild cases can be small rectal erosions, and severe cases can lead to severe ulceration of the entire large intestine until massive bleeding and perforation, and the lesions are continuous.
04
Diagnosis and treatment plan
As far as inflammatory bowel disease is concerned, there is currently no cure, and generally our treatment goals are:
(1) Alleviate inflammation, eliminate or significantly reduce symptoms;
(2) control inflammation;
(3) prevent recurrence of symptoms and maintain remission;
(4) prevention and management of complications;
(5) Maximize quality of life.
The hospital will comprehensively evaluate the patient according to the patient's disease degree, anatomical positioning, drug response, comorbidities, etc., and formulate an individualized treatment plan. The following treatments are usually available:
(1) Drug treatment: aminosalicylic acid, hormones, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, biological agents, small molecule drugs;
(2) Surgical treatment: If there is complete intestinal obstruction, heavy bleeding, perforation, cancer, etc., surgical treatment should be performed in time.
(3) Nutritional therapy: When the gastrointestinal tract is inflamed or damaged severely, IBD patients will have difficulty eating or digesting food, and the enteral nutrient solution can be taken orally in fractions or with the help of nasogastric feeding tube to feed directly into the stomach.
(4) Psychotherapy: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease may have anxiety and depression due to the recurrence of the disease, and can be given corresponding psychological interventions, such as relaxation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy.
05
Means of prevention
People often say that "disease comes from the mouth", which is a common understanding of the causes of many diseases, especially digestive diseases. So, will inflammatory bowel disease also be "disease from the mouth"? In fact, the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is still unclear, and it is currently believed that inflammatory bowel disease is the result of the interaction with genetic, environmental, immune, gut microbiota and other factors, and diet is only one of them, and does not play a decisive role.
Here, we suggest that if you have corresponding clinical symptoms, you must seek medical attention in time, early detection, early intervention, and early treatment!
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Source | The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
Edited | Long Zhaoting
Sign-off| Zeng Tao Long Yan
Audit| Yao Yuanyuan
Organizer | Guizhou Health and Health Financial Media Center
Director| Guizhou Provincial Health Commission
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