In eliminating the remnants of the enemy and maintaining public order, the democratic alliance established by the Anti-Japanese Federation in various parts of the northeast played an important role. After Japan's surrender, the traitors, lackeys, policemen, spies, and other remnants of the enemy and puppet elements in the puppet Manchukuo in Northeast China, as well as reactionary landlords, capitalists, and leaders of reactionary associations (such as the Chengyi Dao and Qinghong Gangs), became entangled with the spies sent by the Kuomintang to Northeast China, and carried out activities in various places, organizing the so-called "Maintenance Society," "Liberation League," "Liberation Association," "Enemy Property Liquidation Committee," and other reactionary organizations under various names, in a vain attempt to control the entire situation in Northeast China and wait for the Kuomintang government to "take over." Some of them are in control of the press and publishing organs, some are in control of factories, and some are also in control of the armed forces, and they carry out anti-Soviet and anti-communist propaganda and armed provocations, undermine public order, and endanger the safety of people's lives and property. Long before the great counteroffensive, the leaders of the Anti-Japanese Federation of Resistance had anticipated the needs of the future struggle and were ready to restore the organization of the "Northeast People's Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association" after the counteroffensive reached the northeast, but due to the rapid development of the situation, this organization was already outdated, and the Northeast Party Organization Committee decided to establish a democratic grand alliance in various localities. The main components of the Great Democratic Alliance are, first, the anti-Japanese anti-Japanese members who counterattacked all parts of the northeast, and second, the underground members of the Communist Party of China who have lost contact with the party organization for various reasons; Third, local patriotic and progressive figures, including workers, peasants, intellectuals, and other figures from all walks of life. These people, organized under the leadership of our party, are a revolutionary force.
Most of its members were natives, had close ties with the masses of the people, and were familiar with the criminal history of the reactionaries, and were often able to play a role that the Soviet military authorities could not play. Some enemy and puppet elements pretended to be Kuomintang party departments, took advantage of the "orthodox" concept existing among the masses to sell their traitors, and held anti-communist and pro-Chiang rallies everywhere. As soon as the members of the Grand Democratic Alliance came to the scene to reveal their roots, they were revealed as street rats, and the Soviet authorities could ban or arrest them. The Grand Democratic League played an important role in the investigation of war criminals, the banning of reactionary organizations, the elimination of the remnants of the enemy and the hypocrisy, and the mediation of civil disputes, thus maintaining the revolutionary order in many parts of the Northeast.
Although the Northeast was liberated, the remnants of the Japanese puppet forces became entangled with the Kuomintang forces, organized reactionary organizations such as the "Maintenance Society," the "Liberation League," and the "Committee for the Liquidation of Enemy Property" under various names, and established various reactionary armed forces such as the "advance army" and the "advance army." Taking advantage of the fact that the Soviet troops had just entered the country, the situation in all aspects was not very clear, and they stirred up trouble in the northeast region, firing black guns, causing riots, and assassinating cadres and masses; for a time, the gunfire in the northeast region was incessant day and night, and the social order was extremely chaotic, and even the headquarters of the Soviet Far East Army in Changchun was attacked by gangsters. In order to suppress the reactionary forces and victoriously wage a struggle for political power against the Kuomintang, the leaders of the Northeast Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Anti-Japanese Federation attached great importance to the work of building up an armed contingent from the very beginning. After arriving in various strategic cities in northeastern China, the members of the Anti-Japanese Union regarded the establishment of armed forces as a top priority, never relaxed in the slightest, and did quite an excellent job.
It is necessary to build up an armed force. First of all, it is necessary to have a large number of weapons and equipment, and the anti-United Nations personnel have spared no effort to raise weapons and equipment. In Changchun, the day after Zhou Baozhong led his troops to the city, he asked Vasilevsky, commander-in-chief of the Soviet Far East Army: "I want to expand the army, and you have to support our weapons!" "
After listening to Zhou Baozhong's request, Marshal Vasilevsky smiled knowingly and said: "You can take as much as you can, and the rest will be mine." This is our victory, and we share it. Since it was war spoils, and the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance did not stipulate that the spoils of war should be handed over to the Kuomintang, I could only hand it over to the (Kuomintang) weapons depot and to Changchun City. "
Then, Vasilevsky said: "I will immediately inform all the weapons depots guarded by the Soviet troops, so that they will help you transport weapons as soon as they see your note." "
Zhou Baozhong immediately issued an urgent order of 100,000 to the person in charge of the Anti-Japanese Federation stationed at various strategic points in the northeast and the deputy commander of the local Soviet garrison: "Rush to transport weapons and expand the army!" "
After receiving Zhou Baozhong's order, the anti-Japanese anti-union personnel in various localities took active action and used their special status to enlist the Soviet army's support weapons and ammunition to help build the army. When recalling the expansion of the army in Changchun City, Wang Yizhi said: "We shipped a large number of weapons from Changchun City, and I once participated in the work of escorting weapons and worked for several days in a row. When we were escorting weapons, we wore Soviet military uniforms and used Soviet vehicles, and the Kuomintang armed forces and police did not dare to stop us. We set out to build up our army with the large number of weapons we had acquired. "
Chen Chunshu, a fighter of the Anti-United Nations who was specially responsible for carrying weapons from the arsenal guarded by the Soviet army, also proudly recalled: "I was wearing a Soviet military uniform and the rank of captain, so it was very convenient for me to do things. In the two months after I arrived in Changchun, I arranged for people to carry weapons out of the arsenal every day, and then distributed them to the newly formed guards and the cadres of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army from Guannei. By 15 October, nearly 60,000 rifles, more than 2,000 light machine guns, 800 heavy machine guns, more than 500 grenadiers, more than 20 mortars, 5 mountain and field artillery, and more than 12 million rounds of ammunition had been shipped out of Changchun.
At the same time, the anti-United Nations personnel at various strategic points also actively sought the support of the local Soviet army with weapons and equipment. When the anti-Japanese coalition personnel who seized Qiqihar City at that time learned that the Soviet army had stored weapons of a Japanese regiment in the area of Angangxi, Wang Minggui immediately asked the Soviet army commander Cheshkov to assist in raising weapons. They used these weapons to build an armed force of 2,500 people, which was later appointed by Zhou Baozhong as the Nenjiang Provincial People's Self-Defense Army.
The middle- and lower-ranking officers of the Soviet Army fully understood and supported the actions of the anti-Japanese coalition personnel in arming them. In Bei'an Province, when Wang Jun, deputy commander of the Bei'an Garrison of the Soviet Army and a member of the Anti-Japanese Alliance, was anxious to equip the provincial public security brigade, Colonel Mitrov, commander of the Soviet Army stationed in the Helen Garrison, called Wang Jun to inform him that a train of military vehicles had driven out of Harbin City, loaded with weapons and ammunition from the Japanese army, and was now parked at Bei'an Station. Mitrov even told him the wagon number. Wang Jun was so excited that he immediately found Popov, the commander of the Soviet railway stationed at Bei'an Station, and asked for weapons. Wang Jun organized more than 60 horse-drawn carriages overnight to rush to transport. Later, they used these weapons to equip the Bak An Provincial Public Security Brigade.
In some localities, the anti-union personnel have built up armed contingents by mobilizing the masses and collecting guns and ammunition from the enemy and civilian populations. The Yanbian People's Autonomous Army was mobilized by Jiang Xintai, deputy commander of the Yanji Garrison Command of the Soviet Army, to mobilize the masses to collect 5,000 rifles, 200 light machine guns, and other weapons from the enemy. In order to obtain more weapons and equip themselves, the anti-Japanese Union personnel and the people have made great sacrifices. Zhu Zhenshan, a member of the Anti-Japanese Union who seized Bei'an, and six others, were murdered by Zhu Zhenshan and six others when they confiscated the weapons of the big landlord Qiao Wenbin in Yugang District, Kedong County.
Li Zhaolin has made tremendous efforts for the army building work in various parts of the Songhua River area. The fact that the personnel of the Bei'an Anti-Japanese Resistance League obtained a wagon of weapons for the purpose of forming an army was inseparable from Li Zhaolin's request to Mitrov in this regard. He also raised a large amount of weapons, equipment, and materials for the cadres and troops sent by the Party Central Committee to the North and West Manchurian regions. When he learned that the officers of the Soviet Army who were the commanders of the garrison in the Suihua area did not assist in the work of building the Anti-Japanese Army, he personally went out to report the situation to the leading organs of the Far Eastern Army and put forward his opinions. Soon after, the commander of the Soviet army in the area was changed to Weicheng, and the establishment of the people's armed forces in the Suihua area was smoothly carried out.
When the Anti-Japanese Federation seized various strategic points, in some localities, due to the surrender of the Japanese army, the broad masses of the people were given some weapons, and they automatically organized various forms of armed contingents, and some of these contingents were organized with veteran guerrillas of the Anti-Japanese Federation as the backbone. The anti-union personnel fighting at various strategic points actively followed Zhou Baozhong's instructions and adopted the methods of "incorporating" and "entrusting" to expand the army. This should be said to be a suitable measure in a complex situation. At that time, the leaders of the Anti-Japanese Federation estimated that after Japan's surrender, hundreds of thousands of guns would be scattered among the people in Northeast China. The use of these weapons to form various armed units is very common and should be co-opted and not left to the Kuomintang. In various places, the personnel of the Anti-Japanese Union were recruited and pacified in the name of the Soviet garrison headquarters, and letters of appointment were issued. For example, Peng Shilu, the person in charge of the Jiamusi City Anti-Japanese Federation, incorporated a team of more than 3,000 people organized by Shi Chunru, the former Sixth Army of the Anti-Japanese Federation, and this team was later organized into a regiment of the Sanjiang People's Autonomous Army. They also incorporated a team of 500 people organized by Zhao Kailiang of the 6th Army of the Anti-Japanese Alliance. This practice proved to have both advantages and disadvantages, and because the ingredients were not pure, some Kuomintang elements mixed into the ranks to do sabotage work, and some of them later defected to the Kuomintang. However, the anti-union members played an important role in strengthening the people's power and cracking down on reactionary forces during the initial establishment of the armed forces or in the later development of the armed forces. In some places, the anti-union members openly mobilized the masses, openly recruited troops, and developed armed forces. For example, Zhang Xiang, deputy commander of the Soviet garrison headquarters in Bayan County, learned that the Japanese had a grain warehouse in Dongshanli, and in order to expand the influence of the Anti-Japanese Federation, he decided to open a warehouse and give relief, and took the opportunity to call on the masses to join the army. They then set up two recruiting stations in the county seat, and soon organized a team of more than 100 people, armed with more than 100 rifles from the confiscated puppet police brigade. Within a few days, the team grew to more than 1,500 people, and three battalions were formed.
Of course, due to the rapid progress of army building and expansion, some shortcomings and mistakes have occurred in the work. Some cadres of the Anti-Japanese Federation lacked vigilance and did not have a sufficient understanding of the complexity of the composition of the incorporating contingent, which caused some Kuomintang reactionary forces and remnants of the enemy and puppet elements to blend into the contingent. The men did their best to incite, and the ranks mutinied. Some cadres of the Anti-Japanese Federation could not withstand the test of the new struggle, and after entering the city, they forgot the revolutionary tradition of arduous struggle, began to become corrupt and degenerate, and even led their troops to defect to the enemy, such as the defection of Yang Qinghai, deputy commander of the garrison headquarters of the Yilan Soviet Army. However, the vast majority of the anti-Japanese federation personnel have made tremendous achievements in army building and expansion, and in particular, many comrades have sacrificed their lives for the party's cause. Their unswerving loyalty and consistent sacrifice of the individual for the good of the people are the highest qualities of the proletariat.
In view of Japan's surrender, the task of the Anti-Japanese Union has changed from resisting Japan to defending the fruits of victory in the War of Resistance against Japan and fighting against the acts of the Kuomintang reactionaries in instigating a civil war. By mid-September, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army had been renamed the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army, and responsible persons of the People's Self-Defense Forces in Harbin, Qiqihar, Bei'an, Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Jilin, and Yanji had been appointed. By mid-October, the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army had reached more than 40,000 people. There are 5 infantry regiments and 2 cavalry companies in Changchun, including 3 regiments in Changchun City and 1 infantry regiment in Jilin and Bohe. Yanji has established 4 regiments of the Yanji Garrison, 1 brigade of the People's Self-Defense Army has been established in Dunhua, and 1 People's Self-Defense Army Guard Team and 2 Guard Team have been established in Luda. Shenyang established the 1st Regiment of the 1st Workers' Army of the People's Self-Defense Army. Four garrison brigades were set up in the Songjiang area. A garrison brigade was set up in the Longjiang area. Bei'an, Suihua, Hailun, and Longjiang each have 1 regiment of garrisons. Other cities and counties have generally established varying numbers of police forces. This contingent played an important role in the fight against the Japanese puppet forces, the maintenance of public order, and later in the war with the Kuomintang for the northeast.
Since then, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, which has experienced 14 years of bloody struggle, officially ended its glorious history of struggle, and the reorganized Northeast People's Self-Defense Army was combined with the troops sent to Northeast China by the Party Central Committee to form the Northeast People's Democratic Alliance Army, and plunged into the great struggle to liberate Northeast China and the whole of China, and this contingent became an integral part of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, which later became famous in the War of Liberation.