Language
Guidelines, policies and laws and regulations
Knowledge dissemination
Basic knowledge of Chinese language and writing
The mainland is a multi-ethnic, multilingual, and multi-script country, with 56 ethnic groups, more than 80 languages, and about 30 scripts. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People's Republic of China, promulgated on 31 October 2000, defines Putonghua as the common language of the State. Putonghua is not only the standard language of the common language of the Han people, but also the common language of the Chinese nation. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the State shall promote the use of Mandarin throughout the country.
Chinese characters are the common language of the Han people, and some ethnic groups have also completely used Chinese characters, and Chinese characters are also the common language of all ethnic minorities in the country. Since the 50s of the last century, the state has sorted out and simplified the current Chinese characters, and formulated and published the "First Batch of Variant Character Collation Table", "Chinese Character Simplification Scheme", "General List of Simplified Characters", "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese", "List of Common Characters in Modern Chinese" and other standards. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the standard spoken and written language of the State is Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters, and this Law came into force on January 1, 2001.
The basic policy of the common spoken and written language of the state
The basic policy of the spoken and written languages of the mainland is: the equal coexistence of the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups, and the prohibition of any form of discrimination in the spoken and written languages; All ethnic groups have the freedom to learn, use and develop their own spoken and written languages; The State encourages all ethnic groups to learn each other's spoken and written languages; The state promotes Putonghua and standardizes Chinese characters. "The state promotes Putonghua and promotes the standardization of Chinese characters" is written into the article (Article 3), which elevates the basic policy of the national language into law. This is conducive to standardizing the social application of the national standard language. At the same time, the state also emphasizes the equal status of all ethnic languages. In ethnic autonomous areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, the standard spoken and written language of the state and the spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities commonly used in the local area may be used at the same time.
The significance of the promulgation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language
The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People's Republic of China is the first law on the spoken and written language in the history of the mainland, which determines the legal status of Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the common spoken and written language of the country. Its promulgation has effectively promoted the standardization and standardization of the spoken and written language, so that the standard spoken and written language of the state can play a better role in social life. At the same time, it is of great significance to comprehensively improve the quality of the people, develop science and culture, improve the level of economic and social informatization, enhance exchanges and communication among various regions and nationalities, and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation.
The guiding ideology of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language" was formulated
(1) Be consistent with the Constitution and other relevant laws; (2) Adhere to the principles and policies of the written and spoken language in the new period, promote the standardization and standardization of the spoken and written language, and enable the spoken and written language to play a better role in social life; (3) In the management of the application of spoken and written language, it is necessary to embody the sense of sovereignty and adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts.
Language policy embodied in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language
(1) Policies on the standard spoken and written language of the State; (2) Ethnic language policy; (3) policies on dialects; (4) Policies on traditional Chinese characters; (5) Other policies related to the written and written language.
Scope of application of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language
Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters are the common language of the country and are used throughout the country, including ethnic autonomous areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. Chapter II of this Law stipulates the use of the standard spoken and written language of the State, and clearly stipulates the occasions for the use of the standard spoken and written language of the State. Specifically, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People's Republic of China applies to the scope of state organs, schools, publications, radio stations, television stations, film and television screens, facilities and signboards in public places, advertisements, commodity packaging and descriptions, names of enterprises and institutions, public service industries, and information technology products.
General principles for the use of the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language of the People's Republic of China
Article 5 of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written State Language" stipulates the general principle for the use of the standard spoken and written language of the state: "The use of the standard spoken and written language of the state shall be conducive to safeguarding state sovereignty and national dignity, to national unity and ethnic unity, and to the building of socialist material and spiritual civilization." It is of great significance to raise the norms of the standard spoken and written language of the state to the high plane of safeguarding state sovereignty and national dignity, national unity and national unity, and the building of socialist material and spiritual civilizations.
Excerpts from laws and regulations
(1) The Constitution of the People's Republic of China: Article 19: The State shall promote the use of Putonghua throughout the country. (2) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language: Article 1: This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution in order to promote the standardization, standardization and healthy development of the standard spoken and written language, to enable the standard spoken and written language of the State to play a better role in social life, and to promote economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions. Article 2: For the purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written language of the state is Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters. Article 3: The State shall promote Putonghua and standardize Chinese characters. Article 4: Citizens have the right to learn and use the standard spoken and written language of the State. Article 5: The use of the standard spoken and written language of the state shall be conducive to safeguarding state sovereignty and national dignity, to national unity and ethnic unity, and to the building of socialist material and spiritual civilization. Article 10: Schools and other educational institutions shall use Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the basic educational and teaching language. Except as otherwise provided by law. Schools and other educational institutions teach Mandarin and standardize Chinese characters through Chinese language courses. The Chinese textbooks used shall conform to the norms and standards of the national standard language. Article 18: The Chinese Pinyin Scheme shall be used as a spelling and phonetic tool for the common language of the State. The Hanyu Pinyin Scheme is a unified specification for the spelling of the Roman alphabet of Chinese names, place names, and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or cannot be used. Primary education shall be taught in Chinese Pinyin. Article 19: All staff members of posts that use Putonghua as their working language shall have the ability to speak Putonghua. The Putonghua proficiency of announcers, program hosts, film and television drama actors, teachers, and staff of state organs who use Putonghua as their working language shall separately meet the grading standards provided by the state; For those who have not yet reached the Putonghua level standards stipulated by the state, training will be conducted on a case-by-case basis. Article 20: Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters shall be taught in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. (3) Education Law of the People's Republic of China: Article 12: Schools and other educational institutions shall promote the use of Putonghua and standard characters commonly used throughout the country in teaching. (4) "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China": Article 6: Schools shall promote the use of Mandarin used throughout the country. Schools that mainly enroll ethnic minority students may use the spoken and written languages commonly used by ethnic minorities in teaching. (5) "Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy": Article 37: Schools (classes) and other educational institutions that mainly recruit students from ethnic minorities shall, where conditions permit, adopt textbooks in minority languages and teach in minority languages; According to the situation, Chinese language courses will be offered from the lower or upper grades of primary school to promote Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters that are commonly used throughout the country. (6) Regulations on the Eradication of Illiteracy: Article 6: The teaching of the eradication of illiteracy shall be in Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country. (7) Regulations on the Administrative Work of Ethnic Townships: Article 14: Primary and secondary schools in ethnic townships may use the common language of local ethnic minorities for teaching, and at the same time promote Putonghua commonly used throughout the country.
The 12-character policy for promoting Putonghua in the new era
Vigorously promote active popularization and gradual improvement
Unite young people and serve the overall situation
Be a good bridge and govern the regiment strictly
Source | Yichun Vocational College Edited | Wang Xinyu reviewed Ge Shuang