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Preface
The United States, not to mention completing the return of the aircraft, is even flying into space, but China's hard-core operation to achieve the "Chang'e-6" "semi-ballistic jump return" method still borrows the relevant principles of missile flight.
Isn't the return of the continental aircraft a "drift"? How hardcore can it be?
"Playing in the water" high-end game
In June this year, the mainland's Chang'e-6 mission was successfully completed, and when it returned, it still returned with a "semi-ballistic jump return", which was not the first of its kind on the mainland, and the technical principle was put forward by a German named Sanger in the last century.
In order to commemorate him, the academic community named the trajectory he proposed as the Sanger trajectory, and before Qian Xuesen's ballistics came out, this ballistic theory had always had an unshakable status.
After the missile is launched, it does not arrive at the target position at one time, but also changes its direction in the middle of the launch.
Source: China Science Expo2020-04-29"When you understand how to fight the water, you understand the principle of launching missiles"
We can think of a missile as a huge bullet, the bullet itself has a limited flight ability, and if you want it to exert great power, you must give it enough thrust when you launch it.
But after the end of this thrust, the missile can only start to fly in a straight line according to this thrust, which greatly limits its strike range.
Therefore, the meaning of Sanger ballistics is that when the missile comes into contact with the atmosphere, it will have friction with the atmosphere, and the force carried by the missile itself will be weakened after friction, and it will begin to slow down and change the direction of flight directly.
And the place where the missile lands after changing the direction of flight is the destination where the missile should really arrive.
It can be said that the emergence of Sanger's ballistic theory has provided a new idea for the missile's flight path, that is, whether the missile's flight path cannot be changed.
On the surface, the Sanger ballistics are very high-end, and the principle is no different from our common principle of playing water.
Because when playing water drifting, the person who is playing water drifting is a stone launcher, which is responsible for providing the initial speed and suitable angle for the stone.
The process of the pebble coming into contact with the water is equivalent to the process of the missile coming into contact with the atmosphere, and the process of the pebble leaving the water is equivalent to the process of the missile being ejected from the atmosphere.
Whether it is a drift or a Sanger ballistic, the three points that can reach the target position are that the person who launched them must find a suitable launch angle to ensure that it can be reached by the water surface or the atmosphere, not only to contact, but also to bounce out.
Hexun.com2015-06-18《Photos: China's hypersonic weapons catch up with the United States and benefit from Qian Xuesen's ballistics (14/35)》
Another is that the speed at which the stones or missiles are fired must be high so that they can fly far enough.
These are not enough, the key is that after the stone or missile flies, the stone needs to have a certain ability to rotate, and on the missile, it is best to adjust the flight direction by itself, so that it can hit the target.
But Sanger's trajectory is too uncontrollable, and it is impossible to make the missile adjust its flight direction by itself, and Qian Xuesen studied Qian Xuesen's trajectory only after discovering this drawback.
The more obvious difference between Qian Xuesen's ballistics and Sanger's ballistics is that it is indeed a missile that flies according to Qian Xuesen's ballistics and has the function of tracking targets.
Hardcore technology is a low-key display
This year's return orbit of the mainland's Chang'e-6 will use the Sanger ballistic principle, not because the mainland's existing technology does not support the use of Qian Xuesen's ballistic principle, but because the Sanger ballistic principle is more suitable.
The two major features of Qian Xuesen's ballistic principle are that it gives the missile a "soul" so that it can accurately hit targets like a human, and the other is that it flies far and fast.
Since the soft landing of Chang'e-6 on the moon, the mainland's Chang'e-6 has paid attention not only to speed, but also to stability, so as to better protect the expensive precision instruments inside it.
The same is true when Chang'e-6 returns with lunar soil, in order to protect the 2,000 grams of lunar soil inside, so that researchers can safely use these lunar soils for research.
It can be said that the main purpose of the entire work of Chang'e-6 is to make such a trembling at the end, and it is not okay to be cautious.
If Chang'e-6 uses Qian Xuesen's ballistics, the speed of return will be fast, and it is not a problem to complete a precise landing, the key is that it is easy to smash the equipment when it hits the ground.
So the mainland chose to use the Sanger ballistic, except for this time, the last time the people of the world saw the practical application of the Sanger ballistics was when the mainland's Chang'e-5 returned.
The characteristic of Sanger's ballistics is that when they help Chang'e-5 and Chang'e-6 return, they were originally very high, but after they rubbed against the atmosphere, the speed gradually decreased, and when they rebounded out, the original high speed was consumed again.
In this way, when the continental equipment returns, it will not crash straight into the earth, but will land as smoothly as possible to the designated place.
Whether a missile is easy to use is not whether it flies fast or whether it can turn around, but whether it can hit the target or not.
Therefore, no matter whether the missiles are flying with the trajectory of Sanger or Qian Xuesen, they will not delay the completion of their tasks.
It is only because it is difficult for the Sanger ballistics to control the direction of the missile's flight, and even the United States cannot actually apply it, but the mainland has done it.
The continent is even completed across space and the earth, which is much more difficult than launching a missile from the earth to a designated location on the earth.
Because the mass of the continental probe itself is relatively large and difficult to control, and there are some uncertain factors on the moon, if you are not careful, the probe will easily hit something that should not be hit and burned.
It's hard to imagine that after completing a series of hardcore operations, the continental probe just low-key said that we used the "semi-ballistic jump return" method, and compared this return method with playing water drift.
Except for the words "semi-ballistic", it is impossible to see how advanced the technology used by the continental probe is to return.
On the other hand, the United States has been stuck in the process of sending a probe to the moon alone, and to put it nicely, they have encountered a bottleneck.
The United States has a glorious space history in the last century, and its space technology in this century is more or less based on the technology of the past.
They did not start research from scratch to be eligible to encounter a bottleneck period, but this bottleneck period was slightly longer, and it was only when the mainland Chang'e-6 lunar farside had returned to collect lunar soil, but their related plans were in vain one after another.
The strong do not need to publicize how powerful they are, the real research results will prove it for him, and our aerospace industry is the same, as long as we move forward step by step, the only remaining pearl in the industrial crown will be ours sooner or later.
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