In recent times, the weather in the north and south has shown two extremes: drought and flooding. At a press conference on Monday, the vice minister of water resources used eight words to explain the current drought and flood situation on the mainland: "Flooding in the south and drought in the north, drought and flood occur simultaneously." He also used a layman's phrase that the North is experiencing "scorching heat" and the South is experiencing "violent plums". "Violent plum" is the plum rain, this week, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have entered the plum rainy season, but this plum rain is not like the rainy season in everyone's impression, but the beginning is full of violence, Anhui Huangshan into the plum after the heavy rainfall, the average rainfall is 11.2 times more than the same period of the year. The rainstorm is not only in the Yangtze River Basin, but also in Meizhou, Guangdong, Guilin, Guangxi and other places because of the rainstorm, caught in a rare flood, Guilin 38 meteorological observation stations 24 hours of rainfall, breaking the historical record since the establishment of the station.
As weather extremes are broken one by one, is our weather becoming tyrannical and extreme? In the face of frequent droughts and floods, how should we deal with them? Let's Focus: The Challenges of Extreme Weather.
In less than 15 hours, the flood control emergency response in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, was changed three times, from level 4 to level 1. On June 16, heavy rainfall fell in Pingyuan County and Jiaoling County of Meizhou City, and heavy rains occurred in many towns and villages.
Xu Ye, a village cadre from Qianyuan Village, Changtan Town, Jiaoling County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province: At about 9 o'clock in the evening of June 16, we received a notice from our local water affairs bureau that the water came less than half an hour after the evacuation, and the water was already up to my knees at about 10 o'clock in the evening.
Gao Ge, chief expert of the Meteorological Disaster Risk Management Office of the National Climate Center: From June 9 to 20 in the southern region, the rainstorm process had the characteristics of long duration, wide impact and strong extremity, and it was in these places, such as the northern part of Liangguang, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi, that the cumulative rainfall reached more than 200 to 600 millimeters. The rainstorm process is a comprehensive assessment of the intensity and belongs to the extreme rainstorm process.
Xie Longsheng, director of the Meizhou Meteorological Observatory: As soon as the strong precipitation clouds arrived over us, they basically did not move much, and they lasted for almost 12 hours, and at the same time, the intensity did not weaken. We also counted that the maximum 24-hour rainfall in Jiaoling County and Pingyuan County reached more than 350 mm, which ranked first and second in the local area.
The official platform of Jiaoling County Financial Media mentioned that the county suffered unprecedented flooding due to heavy rain. On Monday, the Guangdong Provincial Flood Control, Drought and Wind Control General Headquarters deployed rescue helicopters to transfer personnel and materials; The Guangdong Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps mobilized detachments from Chaozhou, Jieyang and other places, as well as the forest fire Guangdong mobile team for reinforcements, and various emergency forces in the society also entered Meizhou, and the rescue was in full swing. Also on Monday, Xinpu Town and Xiaoche Village in Jiaoling County organized personnel to check the damage and distribute materials, and the county public security, fire department, militia and other personnel also began rescue work.
Huang Weihao, a reporter from Guangdong Television: This is the only road leading from Dongshi Town to Surabaya Town, and you can now see that this section of the road has been completely washed away by floods, and this place is located in a valley and close to a river, which has brought great difficulties to emergency rescue work.
Chen Yi, head of the local highway management station in Pingyuan County, Meizhou City: We have now transferred about 20 forklifts and excavators to rush through, but because of this operation face, there are landslides above, as well as the slope below, this hollowing phenomenon is more serious, we are not easy to operate, and the progress of these machinery is slow.
In the face of strong flood impact and immersion, roads were seriously damaged, and houses mainly made of brick and wood structures were also prone to collapse, and many places were cut off from water, electricity, and communications. In Pingyuan County, which recorded the highest average rainfall in the city, the town of Surabaya was one of the hardest-hit areas, and from 6 p.m. on June 16, the town's Daxin Village was completely cut off from the outside world. To clear the road as soon as possible, so that more rescue forces can pour in, and how to go to the village to rescue people and deliver supplies as soon as possible, helicopters come in handy at this time. At the Pingyuan County Stadium, helicopters carrying relief materials and personnel went to Surabaya Town.
Pingyuan County staff: There was food on the plane, and then there were blasting equipment, communication equipment, and mobile base stations.
This Monday morning, helicopters brought the first rescuers to the village. At this time, there is no rain, the flood in Daxin Village has receded, and the tricky thing is that even in the village, it is also a ditch and a bump, rescuers are in a hurry, and the trapped people are anxiously waiting; Heavy machinery could not get in, but coincidentally, rescuers could borrow villagers' excavation equipment, and they dispersed to the four buried houses to search for the buried people, and once the injured were found, they were transferred by helicopter as soon as possible for treatment. Since then, helicopters have been transporting people, supplies, fuel, etc. every day, and have become a routine operation before opening the road to Daxin Village.
Lin Shenzhi, deputy director of the Emergency Management Bureau of Pingyuan County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province: On the first day, we transferred critically ill patients with fractures or minor injuries. If he is willing to go out to join relatives and friends, we also use helicopters to ensure his passage, and the county party committee and county government and the province and city have arranged a place to pick him up.
In fact, in addition to the helicopter rescue, a team received the task of going to Surabaya Town at 4 a.m. this Monday, which took 12 hours.
Zhou Zhenwu, squad leader of Baidu Special Service Station of Meizhou Fire and Rescue Detachment: I heard that the whole village has lost contact there, I don't know what the situation is inside, the command behind us is most eager for us to return the road situation from the foot, casualties, people are trapped, where, how many points, how far, every 5 meters on the road to Surabaya Town is a collapse point, and the longest collapse point is more than 100 meters. The mud and water are hard to pull out and walk on. If the road doesn't work, we climb the mountain, and if we are not careful, we will fall. I was thinking, how can we save ourselves, there are still people waiting for us to save them, and if climbing the mountain doesn't work, we will take the waterway and go upstream.
The reporter saw that the flood in Meizhou was gradually receding, and the post-disaster clean-up work was being carried out as soon as possible. At 5 a.m. on Thursday, the road to Daxin Village was finally opened, and on the same day, all the affected administrative villages in Meizhou were electrified. In response to the rush to repair damaged houses, in fact, on Tuesday, the Office of the Financial Commission of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee has issued an urgent notice to speed up the speed of damage assessment and claim settlement in accordance with the "2022-2024 Guangdong Provincial Policy-based Rural Housing Insurance Implementation Plan".
This is Chayang Town, Dapu County, Meizhou, where the rice is in the grain filling period, and for farmers who invest 1,000-1,500 yuan per mu, the sudden flood makes their rice yield greatly reduced. However, the relevant insurance companies quickly followed up, and as of Tuesday this week, they had completed the pre-payment of 213,000 yuan for 533 mu of rice in Chayang Town, with an average compensation of 400 yuan per mu.
Fu Luanqun, a village cadre from Qunfeng Village, Chayang Town, Dapu County, Meizhou City: In recent years, our village and insurance companies have been asking farmers to mobilize them to buy insurance, especially this year, the insured area is more than 430 acres, the flood is the 17th, 18th in the morning of the insurance company to the scene to investigate the disaster, on the afternoon of the 18th, some villagers received advance compensation, the 19th basically arrived.
Huang Wensheng, agricultural insurance commissioner of an insurance company: Now the rice is in the grain filling stage, and the rice will grow again in the later stage, and then see how the harvest is in the last stage, and we will carry out a damage assessment.
The rain in the south has been non-stop, but several provinces in the north have experienced the "baking" of high temperatures and droughts. The number of consecutive days without effective precipitation in most areas of Henan exceeded 60 days, and 10 cities such as Zhengzhou even exceeded 70 days. This week, under the combined effect of artificial rainfall and natural precipitation, many places in Henan ushered in the long-awaited rainfall, thirsty farmland "drunk" "thirst-quenching water", Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and other four cities terminated the drought-fighting four-level emergency response. On Wednesday, the National Defense General Organization concluded that the high temperature and drought in North China will continue in the short term, and some farmland in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and other places will still be affected by drought. What can be done to help alleviate the drought?
This Friday, it rained in Henan, Hebei and Shandong, which can alleviate the current drought in the fields. For example, Henan province has received more than 70% less rainfall than the multi-year average, and recently experienced widespread high temperatures, resulting in drought in these major grain-producing provinces. However, with the combined effect of natural rainfall and artificial rainfall, the farmland that has been dry for a long time has "drunk" the "thirst-quenching water".
Zhengyang County officially lifted the orange warning signal for drought that has lasted for several days on Friday. In another place, Xinxiang, the fields that have also faced the test of high temperatures have become green, and the corn planted in the fields has not germinated in time due to the recent drought and lack of rain. According to reports, the moisture in the soil has reached about 80 percent, which is beneficial to the emergence of corn seedlings, while this year it is only about 30 percent.
In addition to the effective rainfall mitigation, Weihui City arranged agricultural technicians to guide the site, and adopted the method of shallow watering with small water to improve soil moisture according to the situation of the plots here. Compared with the usual large-scale spraying, micro-spraying belts, drip irrigation and other methods are more water-saving, and the coverage and water volume will not be compromised. This method is usually used in previous years when there are high temperatures, but this year they brought the technology to Kuitun village and will use it for a long time to come.
Liu Guangliang, director of the agricultural technology extension service station in Weihui City, Xinxiang, Henan: Our agricultural personnel have strengthened the frequency of this measure and going to the countryside, going to the countryside at six or seven o'clock in the morning every day, and returning home in the evening. It was useful in previous years, but the area was not as large as this year. This year, the rise is relatively fast, and more than 60% of the city's area has adopted four new irrigation modes.
Although this year's progress is a little late, according to Liu Guangliang's prediction, with this week's timely hydration, the growth and speed of corn should not be much later. The maize of the farmers in the village has basically all emerged, about four centimeters from the ground. According to Tuesday's meteorological monitoring, most of the north north of the Huai River in Henan Province experienced high temperatures above 37 °C, and many cities experienced extreme high temperatures, which is not optimistic, including Anyang.
Gao Ge, chief expert of the Meteorological Disaster Risk Management Office of the National Climate Center: This map shows the high temperature process from the 9th to the 15th, and the extreme maximum temperature in various places, we can see that it is above 40 °C in the red area, and the red point is that 175 stations have reached or exceeded the extreme threshold standard, and the purple point is to reach or exceed the historical extreme, which has about 20, and the overall range has reached 170,000 square kilometers. Based on its duration range and intensity, we have an evaluation index that gives this intensity index the fourth highest for the same period of high temperature since 1961.
According to the data analysis of the National Climate Center, the regional high temperature process started slightly earlier, had a wide range and was more intense. At a press conference held on Monday, the Ministry of Water Resources said that it had organized and guided the scientific dispatch of water projects in drought-stricken areas to ensure water for summer sowing. At a water intake in Huaxian County, Anyang, water from the Yellow River is pouring into the fields for more than 50,000 acres of local farmland, which can meet the irrigation needs of autumn crops such as corn, soybeans and peanuts. Rather than using your own well water for emergency relief, the Yellow River water will be more suitable.
As of Tuesday, there are statistics that the summer sowing area in Henan has accounted for 95.3% of the estimated area, and the subsequent rain will also increase this data. In the next 10 days, the rainfall in southern Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, southern Shandong and other places will also show an increasing trend, which is more conducive to alleviating the local meteorological drought. However, the rainfall in the meteorological arid areas such as the southern part of North China, the northern part of Henan, and the northern part of Shandong is relatively small, and the meteorological drought will continue.
At present, the situation of flood and drought disaster prevention on the mainland is "flooding in the south and drought in the north", but in some specific areas, there may be a sudden switch between the two. After a long period of drought, it is suddenly affected by heavy rainfall and turns from drought to flood, also known as drought and flood abruptly. On Wednesday, Anhui Province entered the rainy season, and it began to rain in many places, including the northern part of Anhui Province, which has been dry for a long time. It is of course a good thing that the drought has eased after a long period of drought and rain, but Anhui Province also reminded this week that the northern Anhui region should strictly prevent the rapid turn of drought and flood, and the coexistence of drought and flood. Not only Anhui, according to the Central Meteorological Observatory, Huanghuai, Jianghuai and other places need to beware of drought and flooding. In the morning, we are still fighting drought, and in the afternoon we may have to prevent flooding, how to prevent it?
This week, as the rain belt lifted northward, the rainfall in Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places that were originally located in arid areas also increased. The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a reminder on Wednesday that the three provinces should strictly guard against drought and flooding. The meteorological departments of Shandong and Henan provinces, which were also deeply affected by the drought, also called for beware of a sudden turn in drought and flood this week. Just last Wednesday, Mengyin County, Linyi, Shandong Province, which was in the midst of a long drought, experienced a sudden change in the weather. The local peach farmers were still watering the day before to fight the drought, but they didn't expect the weather to change.
The unexpected arrival of rain and hail caused Lian Maochun and the villagers to experience a sharp emotional turn from surprise to fright. Since the peaches are in the picking season, their losses are not small. The local area is making up for the losses of fruit farmers through post-disaster technical guidance and insurance claims. The hazards of sudden weather changes and sudden changes in drought and flood do deserve a high degree of vigilance in relevant areas. On Friday, in Funan County, northern Anhui Province, a heavy rain fell on arid fields, and the long-awaited rain finally arrived.
In the 50 days from May 1 to June 20, the cumulative rainfall in Funan County was only 16 millimeters, 9 percent less than the average for the same period and the lowest since 1961. If it doesn't rain, he can only buy water for irrigation, which costs 40 yuan for one acre of land, and more than 50,000 yuan for the 1,300 acres of land he contracted.
However, the heavy rainfall, which alleviated the drought, has strained all departments involved in flood control and drought control. In the ranking of hourly precipitation in Anhui Province on Friday morning, the top three stations were all from Funan County. Around noon, the county meteorological station issued the highest level of red warning for heavy rain, and various departments were also preparing for a sharp turn in drought and flood.
Zhang Taiwang, Engineer of Funan County Meteorological Bureau, Anhui Province: It is expected that from Friday to Saturday, our Funan County will usher in heavy to heavy rain, with a cumulative precipitation of 80 to 150 mm, and more than 230 mm in some areas.
Qi Shuai, deputy county magistrate of Funan County, Anhui Province: The rapid turn of drought and flood is related to the intensity of rainfall, if the rainfall of 50 mm per hour is an example, there will definitely be water accumulation, we are also highly vigilant against the rapid turn of drought and flood that may occur after the rain, pay close attention to the changes in rainfall, and enable the drainage station at any time according to the change of rain conditions, and correct and dredge the drainage facilities and farmland ditches in the urban area in advance, improve the drainage efficiency, and be ready to adjust the drought-fighting facilities to drainage facilities in a timely manner.
The rapid turn of drought and flood is also a manifestation of extreme climate, and because it is a sudden heavy precipitation after a long-term drought, in addition to floods, it is also very easy to cause disasters such as flash floods and mudslides.
Gao Ge, chief expert of the Meteorological Disaster Risk Management Office of the National Climate Center: At present, such as the Huanghuai, Jianghuai and other areas in North China, they have encountered high temperatures and droughts, and one of its soil is relatively loose, especially in the mountainous areas, the vegetation growth conditions are not very good, and its ability to store water is weakened.
Extreme heat, extreme precipitation, and the sharp transition between drought and flood have become a global challenge in recent years. In the opinion of experts, global warming is a very important driver.
Zheng Zhihai, Deputy Director and Chief Forecaster of the Climate Prediction Office of the National Climate Center: Because of global warming, the water content in the atmosphere will increase, and the water content in the atmosphere will increase, which is often prone to very strong precipitation. Because it has different circulation systems of high pressure and low pressure in the weather system to control, the high pressure system is often controlled by less precipitation, it will also enhance this high pressure system, so that the drought in these places will be more obvious, so in the context of global warming, it will make the waterlogging situation in some places will be aggravated, and the drought situation in other places will also be aggravated, and global warming will increase this volatility, and this drought and flood transition will be more intense.
The extremities of the future climate cannot be ignored. According to experts from the National Climate Center, the mainland's response to major meteorological disasters has shifted from post-disaster relief to pre-disaster prevention. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the importance of weather forecasting and early warning, and its accuracy should be improved, and the linkage between the issuing and receiving departments should be strengthened, so as to improve the response capacity of the whole society.
Zheng Zhihai, deputy director and chief forecaster of the Climate Prediction Office of the National Climate Center: Because droughts tend to last for a long time, its circulation situation is generally relatively stable, and the predictability is relatively high, and this kind of extreme heavy precipitation is often a weather process, and there may even be strong precipitation in a few hours, and the instability is higher, so the difficulty of forecasting is often greater, so this is what needs to be paid attention to.
Gao Ge, chief expert of the Meteorological Disaster Risk Management Office of the National Climate Center: It is necessary to pay close attention to the weather situation, hold consultations on a rolling basis, make comprehensive forecasts and predictions, and scientifically study and judge the risks of the current rain and water conditions, and then issue early warnings in a timely and dynamic manner, and multi-departmental linkage for disaster prevention, and adjust disaster prevention measures in a timely manner according to the forecast and early warning.
In the context of climate warming, extreme weather has become a global challenge with increasing frequency. Of course, we need to understand the causes of extreme weather and find solutions, and at present, how to do a good job of early warning and prevention is a top priority. According to the forecast of the Ministry of Water Resources, the situation of flood and drought disasters during the flood season from June to August this year is not optimistic, and extreme events such as heavy rains and floods may occur frequently, frequently, and repeatedly, and the situation of defense is still grim. It is only the end of June, and there are even bigger challenges to come, and hopefully much work is already underway.
Source: CCTV news client
Process Editor: U032