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Einstein proposed in his general theory of relativity that gravity is caused by the influence of matter, which curvatures space-time, and when objects move in this field of curvature of space-time, there is mutual attraction between objects.
Einstein believed that gravity is the bending of space-time, not a force, and that it is an "invisible, intangible" being.
At the same time, he also mentioned in his theory that gravitons are elementary particles that transmit gravitational pull.
However, the theory of relativity is a macroscopic theory, and the exploration of gravitons is a highly microscopic problem, which scientists have studied in depth.
Gravitons often appear in the theories of some scientists, and some people believe that the graviton does not exist, is not a separate particle, but a force field.
At the same time, some scientists believe that gravitons exist as elementary particles and are carriers of gravity.
Just recently, scientists at Nanjing University discovered the "projection" of gravitons in experiments.
This discovery is expected to bring gravitons into reality and make people perceptually accept the existence of gravitons.
So what impact will this discovery have on existing theories of physics?
1. Is the graviton the carrier of gravity or the gravitational field.
Gravitons are elementary particles and carriers of gravity, a view that dates back to the 20th century in the study of relativity.
Einstein's general theory of relativity, known as the "Thousand Autumns", had a profound impact on physics, and in his general theory of relativity, gravity is generated by the bending of space-time, and gravitons are the elementary particles of this "gravitational field".
This view has always been taken for granted, but the research in the field of physics is very grand, and the fields involved are even richer.
Among them, there is a class of matter that we are familiar with, including photons, quarks, etc., which are particles in this kind of matter, and the proportion of these particles in the field of physics occupies a very important position, and the force they exhibit is called "gauge field".
The force of gravity is gravitational force, and the study of gravitation has been very deep, whether it is the magnitude of the gravitational force or the law of its operation, it is very clear.
The principle is very simple, and Newton has systematically expounded it in his Principia Mathematica of Natural Philosophy.
At that time, Newton classified the force of gravity as a "force", and at the same time, the law of action of this force at different masses and different distances conforms to a mathematical relationship, that is, the "law of universal gravitation".
F = Gm1m2/(r^2), where F is the magnitude of the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m is the mass of the object, and r is the radius of the object.
Newton's law of universal gravitation was confirmed at the time, and at the same time explained many problems to some extent.
It is precisely because of Newton's law of gravitation that people's understanding of gravity has been completely different from the past, and gravity is not only the force, but also the result of the interaction between matter, and it is also the interaction between matter.
Albert Einstein broke through the law of gravitation and proposed the general theory of relativity, which is understood to be the result of the curvature of space-time caused by matter.
Under the framework of general relativity, the graviton is a particle with a force field, and this theory still has a certain embedding in mathematics, relative to gravitational force.
The force field corresponding to gravitons is the gravitational field, and Einstein's general theory of relativity has become the basis for the study of gravitons.
The study of gravitons was introduced into the field of essentialism, and the graviton, as an elementary particle, is based on quantum theory, which starts with microscopic particles and explores the structure of gravitons.
At the same time, this view of "condensing" particles in a gauge field has been a hot topic, and the corresponding situation in gravitational fields is confirmed in the equivalence principle.
In the equivalence principle, the situation in the gravitational field can be quantized by gravitons, and the result of this quantum is the continuous generation and absorption of gravitons, thus forming a gravitational field.
The theory of this gauge field has a force that is the gravitational force mentioned in Newtonian mechanics.
However, as the structure of the graviton's microscopic particles is studied, the graviton is gradually considered to be the result of matter, but the source of matter is based on the elementary particles in the gauge field, so as to obtain a connection.
The theory of gravitons is continuously studied in depth, and as the results of further research are obtained, gravitons are strongly supported from matter, and matter transfers the gauge field and force generated by gravitons to the corresponding field.
Since then, the graviton, as an elementary particle, transmits gravity for matter, and has been well explained according to this theoretical line of thought.
Graviton studies have found that the number of gravitons is numerous, and the gravitons interact with other elementary particles to form a gauge field.
At the same time, there is an argument that gravitons in gauge fields do not exist, they are just a force field, and the result of their action is the same as the magnetic field.
Einstein's graviton, on the other hand, is constantly disintegrating a force field, but an elementary particle, and some substances interpret gravitons as a kind of place, just like magnetic fields and electric fields.
The fundamental difference between these two perspectives is whether gravity is studied from a macroscopic or microscopic perspective, Einstein studied the macroscopic aspect of gravity, while gravitons studied from a microscopic perspective.
Both of these views are true to some extent, but Einstein's idea is a little more macroscopic, and gravitons as elementary particles are a microscopic research embodiment, which is also recognized by everyone.
As an elementary particle, gravitons are well explained from the microscopic aspect, and from this theory, gravitons are also considered to be a type of matter, not a force field, and are the basic matter of gravity.
2. The essence of gravitons.
Newton's gravitational attraction is a force, gravitational force, while Einstein's view that gravity is caused by the curvature of space-time, and this disagreement arises from the fact that this is a macroscopic problem, and the graviton is a microscopic problem.
However, with the advancement of science and technology, people have found that both macro and micro problems complement each other.
The existence of gravitons has also been proposed by scientists, and the force of gravity is not as clear as Newton's mechanics from a microscopic point of view, but from a macroscopic point of view, gravity is the result of the force generated by matter, which is not as intuitive as Einstein's.
These two views have their own weights, and there is a large part of the overlap, so the essence of the graviton is reflected in this aspect.
On the one hand, the graviton force is generated by matter, and the graviton as a substance is explained from this perspective is very reasonable.
On the other hand, from the perspective of gravitons, scientists have found in continuous research that gravitons interact with particles in other gauge fields, and as the interactions continue to arise and disappear, thus forming a gravitational "field" to explain.
The result of this kind of place is gravity, just like the attraction and repulsion forces, which are very reasonable for gravitational forces, and the force of the gravitational field is also very reasonable for gravitons.
In general, the graviton, as an elementary particle, is more recognized than the gravitational viewpoint, and it is more accepting of the existence of the graviton.
In the study of gravitons, the existence of gravitons can better explain the gauge field of gravity and the force of interaction between elementary particles, and vice versa.
3. Chinese scientists discover the "projection" of gravitons?
In an experiment, a team from Nanjing University discovered the "projection" of gravitons, which is expected to bring gravitons into practice.
The "projection" of the graviton is the existence of its substance, and the graviton exists as a substance, but the graviton cannot be directly observed and experimented, because the graviton is a microscopic particle.
But gravitons, as elementary particles, have been proven in quantum mechanics, and gravitons are often mentioned in gravitational waves.
The "capture" of gravitational waves is a continuous effort of scientists, but with the development of science and technology and the continuous deepening of matter, gravitational waves will also play a role.
At the same time, in the team at Nanjing University, their experiment is to "project" photons from different angles, photons, microscopic particles are similar to gravitons, but photons have mass, while gravitons are massless.
Although this kind of experiment cannot directly obtain gravitons, it can strongly support the existence of gravitons through the "projection" of photons, and the existence of such objects is the greatest help to gravitons.
epilogue
The discovery of gravitons is the first time, but with the deepening of science, the study of gravitons will also make progress, and this progress will also have a certain impact on existing physical theories.
The existence of gravitons is the existence of a substance, and the gravitons are elementary particles of the norm field, and as an elementary particle, they are cooperated by scientists and continue to be demonstrated.
The existence of gravitons is a qualitative leap, which is expected to provide great help for the development of science and technology, and is expected to realize the "interstellar travel" of human beings.
However, gravitons are also contrary to existing physical theories, and scientists should also refrain from constantly observing and testing, which is the right path.
There is a certain difference between gravitational force and graviton, gravitational force is the gravitational force of macroscopic particles, while graviton is the gravitational force of microscopic particles, both of which have a wide range of applications and have their own characteristics.