#血压值达到多少, it can induce cerebral hemorrhage?##头条创作挑战赛#脑出血是一种严重的脑血管疾病 and its pathogenic factors are complex and diverse, among which hypertension is one of the most common and important factors. Hypertension is not only an important cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, but also significantly increases the risk of other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. So, what is the blood pressure level that will induce cerebral hemorrhage?
1. What is intracerebral hemorrhage?
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to bleeding caused by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma. The main symptoms include sudden, severe headache, vomiting, coma, and neurological deficits (e.g., limb weakness, speech impairment, etc.). Intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the highest mortality and disability rates in acute cerebrovascular diseases, which seriously threatens the lives and health of patients.
2. Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage
There are many risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage, including high blood pressure, cerebral aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations, brain trauma, blood clotting disorders, etc. Among them, hypertension is the most important risk factor. Long-term high blood pressure can lead to hardening, degeneration and fragility of blood vessels in the brain, increasing the risk of blood vessel rupture.
3. The relationship between hypertension and intracerebral hemorrhage
1. Definition of hypertension
Hypertension is a pathological condition in which arterial blood pressure is persistently higher than normal. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH), adults are diagnosed with a resting blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥ 90 mm Hg.
2. The effect of high blood pressure on blood vessels
Long-term high blood pressure can affect blood vessels in the following ways:
- Structural changes in the walls of blood vessels: High blood pressure causes the walls of blood vessels to thicken, harden and become less elastic, known as arteriosclerosis.
- Arteriole and capillary damage: High blood pressure denatures and fibroses the walls of arterioles and capillaries, increases their fragility and makes them prone to rupture.
- Haemodynamic changes: The increased force of blood flow due to high blood pressure can exacerbate damage to the blood vessel wall and increase the risk of blood vessel rupture.
3. The relationship between blood pressure levels and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage
Numerous studies have shown that the higher the blood pressure level, the greater the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. According to the results of a large-scale prospective cohort study, the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage increased by approximately 24% for every 10 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure; For every 5 mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure, the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage increases by about 29%.
Specifically, systolic blood pressure above 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure above 110 mm Hg significantly increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. In an acute hypertensive crisis, a sudden increase in blood pressure above 200/120 mm Hg increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, maintaining normal blood pressure levels is essential to prevent intracerebral hemorrhage.
4. How to prevent hypertension and its complications
1. Lifestyle adjustments
- Eat a healthy diet: Reduce salt intake, increase intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, and reduce red meat and high-fat foods.
- Regular exercise: Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, cycling, etc.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Maintain a healthy weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) through diet and exercise.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol: Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink (for women) or two drinks (for men) a day.
2. Monitor your blood pressure regularly
- Home blood pressure monitoring: People with high blood pressure and those at risk of high blood pressure are advised to measure their blood pressure regularly at home to know their blood pressure levels.
- Regular check-ups: Have a comprehensive health check-up at least once a year for early detection and management of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.
3. Medication
- Take medication according to the doctor's instructions: For patients with diagnosed hypertension, take antihypertensive drugs according to the doctor's advice, and do not stop the medication or adjust the dose on their own.
- Combination therapy: for difficult-to-control hypertension, a combination of drugs may be required to achieve the desired blood pressure control goal.
4. Manage other cardiovascular risk factors
- Blood sugar control: Diabetic patients should actively control blood glucose levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
- Regulate blood lipids: control blood lipid levels and prevent atherosclerosis through diet and medication.
- Stress control: Relaxation training, psychological counseling, etc., to reduce mental stress and anxiety.
5. Management of acute hypertensive crisis
An acute hypertensive crisis is a sudden and significant increase in blood pressure above 200/120 mm Hg accompanied by severe clinical symptoms such as severe headache, chest pain, dyspnea, and blurred vision. In such cases, immediate medical attention should be sought for emergency treatment to reduce the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and other acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
Principles of management of acute hypertensive crisis include:
- Rapidly lower blood pressure: Under the guidance of a doctor, use short-acting antihypertensive drugs to gradually lower blood pressure to a safe range.
- Etiological treatment: identify the triggers of hypertensive crisis, such as renal insufficiency, drug overdose, stress state, etc., and carry out targeted treatment.
- Close monitoring: Receive monitoring and treatment in the hospital to monitor vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation.
conclusion
Hypertension is an important cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, especially when blood pressure is above 180/110 mm Hg, and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage is significantly increased. Therefore, prevention and control of hypertension is essential to reduce the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage. Through a healthy lifestyle, regular monitoring of blood pressure and medication as prescribed, the risk of hypertension and its complications can be effectively reduced, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health can be protected.