Hunan Satellite TV's veteran music variety "Singer" dominated the hot search for several days after only the first episode was broadcast.
The reason is that in the first issue, the top two were American singers and Canadian singers, followed by mainland diva Na Ying, ranking third, and the rest of the other local singers did not perform as well as they wanted. As a result, as a candidate who can compete with foreign players in the show, the 57-year-old Na Ying was pinned on by netizens, specifically as being named "Yehenala Yingzi", being ridiculed as "a fifty-year-old lady guarding the country", and being shouted "Yehenala can't lose", and one person accounted for more than half of the stalks.
Na Ying in the "Singer" program丨 Source: Hunan Satellite TV "Singer" official Weibo Many people were unclear about the name "Yeh Nara Yingzi" at first, so after the popularization of science by netizens, it turned out that Na Ying was a Manchu and a descendant of the Yeh Nara clan in the Qing Dynasty. Overnight, this Manchu surname, which had long disappeared in reality, returned to the public eye, and by the way, it also brought in famous brothers and sisters such as "Wanyan", "Niu Hulu" and "Wulanala".
A large number of search terms about "Yehenara" appeared on social media丨Source: Weibo Xiaohongshu Where have these once prominent Manchu surnames gone today? "Eight Manchu surnames", more than eight When it comes to Manchu surnames, many people immediately think of the famous "Eight Manchu surnames". However, there has been no conclusive conclusion in the academic circles as to which of the eight Manchu surnames are referred to, and the Manchu people in Beijing, Shenyang, and Liaodong also have different opinions. Li Xuecheng, a scholar at the Institute of History of the Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the eight Manchu surnames have a certain geographical character, and no matter which one they say, there is truth in it. From the perspective of the probability of occurrence in different statements, Tong Jia's, Guarjia's, Ma Jia's, Suoyuluo's, Qijia's, Fucha's, Nala's and Niu Hulu's have the highest frequency of occurrence and have a high degree of recognition. In addition to the above eight most recognized surnames, among the six more reliable versions, Zhang Jia, Namudulu, Hesheri and the "national surname" Aixinjue Luo also appeared once. Friends who have watched Qing court dramas should not be too unfamiliar with these surnames. The first is Tong Jia, which ranks first among the eight Manchu surnames in different versions. This is first of all because Tong Jia's family has produced many queens, such as Tong Jia Hahanazhaqing, the original wife of the Qing Emperor Nurhachi, Empress Xiaokangzhang, the biological mother of Emperor Kangxi, and Empress Xiaoyiren, the shortest reigning empress in mainland history. In addition to the many queens, Tong Jia's family is also loyal to the central government, can fight well, and has the same surname as Nurhachi's ancestors, so his status is extraordinary. One of the Tong Jia's sinicization is relatively early, and its descendants have a great influence in the Qing Dynasty, and the family has been prominent for generations, and there are many hereditary princes, known as the "Tong Half Dynasty" of the Qing Dynasty. The Guerjia clan is leading in terms of population, and there are people in the Eight Banners of Manchuria, including Fei Yingdong, the founding father of the Qing Dynasty, Quan Chen Aobai, and the "stupid but really beautiful" Qi nobleman in "The Legend of Zhen Huan".
Aobai's full name is Guerjia Aobai, and the real name of the nobleman in "The Legend of Zhen Huan" is Gualjia Wenyuan丨Source: TV series "Kangxi Dynasty" and "The Legend of Zhen Huan" Ma Jia's family is named after the place. The origin of the original clan "Jiari Kumajia", located in the area of Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang today, a small number of officials after entering the customs with the army, most of them were engaged in business, mostly in the yellow flag and the red flag. The name of the person includes Tuhai, a famous general who quelled Chahar and Wu Sangui's rebellion in the early Qing Dynasty, Concubine Rong, the favorite concubine of Emperor Kangxi in the early days, and Shangshu Shengyin of the Ministry of Rites in Daoguang. The Suojuluo clan also had a large number of people, and was distributed in seven of the eight banners of Manchuria. University scholar Yinghe and Guangxu Dynasty anti-smoking minister Jing Xing all belong to this surname. Qi Jia's family is also known as Qi's family, living in Yehe and Qijiaying, with the land as the surname. The Qi Jia clan has a small population and is affiliated with Manchuria with red flags. Fucha is one of the oldest surnames of the Jurchens, derived from the old surname "Pucha" in the Jin Dynasty, with the ministry as the name. Pucha was the old Jurchen department of the Liao Dynasty, with strong power, and was also married to the royal family for generations during the Jin Dynasty. The Fucha clan has many branches, and it is the second largest surname after the Guerjia clan, and there are many famous figures in the Qing Dynasty. Taizu's step-concubine, Empress Qianlong Xiaoxianchun, Qianlong Zhemin Emperor's concubine, Qianlong Taifei, Tongzhi Shushen Emperor's concubine, Mi Sihan, the father of Empress Xiaoxianchun, Chahar's governor, Li Rongbao, Fu Heng, Fu Ling'an, Fu Long'an, Fukangan, and Fu Chang'an, were all hot figures at that time. And the most well-known today is probably Fucha Rongyin and Fucha Fu Heng, the "White Moonlight" sisters and brothers in "Yanxi Raiders".
Fucha Rongyin (first from the right in the picture above) and Fucha Fu Heng (first from the right in the picture below) in "Yanxi Raiders"丨Source: The official Weibo of the TV series "Yanxi Raiders" Nala is also called Nalan, and in the Jin Dynasty, Nala was translated into Chinese as "Nalan", and it is also an ancient surname among Jurchen surnames. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Nala clan was divided into four major branches: Yehenara, Hadanara, Ulanara, and Huifa Nala, and they were differentiated. The Nala clan also had many celebrities in the Qing Dynasty, such as Nalan Mingzhu, an important minister of the Kangxi Dynasty, whose son was the lyricist Nalan Xingde. In the harem of the Qing Dynasty, there are also many concubines from the Nala clan, in addition to the familiar Empress Dowager Cixi of Longyu, Queen Chunyuan in "The Legend of Zhen Huan", sister Wulanala Yixiu, the successor Ruyi and Concubine Shu Yihuan in "The Legend of Ruyi", as well as Empress Xiaoci Gao of Qing Taizu, Empress Xiaoliewu, the step-concubine and side concubine of Qing Taizong, the concubine of Qing Shizu, the concubine of Qing Shengzu, Concubine Hui and so on.
Wulanala Ruyi/Qingying (above), Yehenala Yihuan (below) in "The Legend of Ruyi"丨Source: The official Weibo of the TV series "The Legend of Ruyi" Niu Hulu has also produced many celebrities in history, the most famous of which is Heshen of the Qianlong Dynasty, and the Kangxi Dynasty also has a famous minister. In addition, Niu Hulu is well-known to everyone, and also benefits from the phenomenal national TV series "The Legend of Zhen Huan". The gorgeous transformation of the heroine from "Zhen Huan" to "Niu Hulu Zhen Huan" has made "Niu Hulu" a classic common stalk, used to indicate that she has transformed into a powerful character. I have to say that the design of "The Legend of Zhen Huan" is really ingenious, and the blackened Zhen Huan changed her surname to Niu Hulu, which not only corresponds to the surname of the historical prototype Empress Xiao Shengxian, but also alludes to the meaning of this surname itself - witty, brave, and fierce "wolf". The wolf (Manchu: ᠨᡳᡠ᠋ᡥᡝ, transliteration: niuhe) is one of the totems of the Manchu ancestors of the Jurchens, and Niu Hulu (Manchu: ᠨᡳᡠ᠋ᡥᡠᡵᡠ, transliteration: niuhuru), as the oldest surname of the Manchus, was given as a surname out of worship of the wolf. In addition to Zhen Huan's prototype Empress Xiao Shengxian, the number of Niu Hulu's concubines is also large, and there are more than a dozen concubines in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the above eight surnames with high frequency, Zhang Jia is also one of the eight Manchu surnames in Shenyang, and is a common surname of the Manchu, Mongolian and Xibe ethnic groups; The Namudu Lu clan married the royal family in the early Qing Dynasty, had many military achievements, and after entering the customs, they bred many descendants in the Beijing area; The Hesheri clan also had many dignitaries and concubines in the Qing Dynasty, such as the founding hero, the veteran of the Three Dynasties, Sony, his son Suo Etu, and his granddaughter Empress Xiaochengren. Finally, we are most familiar with the Qing Dynasty surname "Aixinjue Luo". Why do such famous surnames rarely appear among the eight surnames? In fact, the Manchu people have a long history, and the surnames of their ancestors were first produced in the era of clan society, and the germ of surnames appeared in the period of matrilineal clan society, and by the Liaojin period, the Jurchen clans, tribes and other blood organizations continued to grow and develop. However, until the time of Nurhachi's establishment of the Houjin, the Aixinjue Luo clan was still only a small family, and various theories about the origin of the surname are often conflicting in the literature, so scholars generally believe that this surname was created by the Qing Dynasty royal family, and the Manchu meaning "gold" "Aixin" was used to cover up its not noble origin, shaping the noble status of the family lineage and the authority of the regime. How to change the surname of the Manchu surname to the Han surname The "disappearance" of the Manchu surname was not a one-step process with the fall of the Qing Dynasty, but rather a process of seeking cultural harmony across the long river of history, the barriers of mountains and rivers and ethnic differences. Since the Liaojin period, as the clans and tribes of the Jurchens continued to grow and develop, the cultures of other ethnic groups such as the Khitans and the Han people were also continuously absorbed by them; By the time of the Ming Dynasty, the imprint of the Jurchen people's name was more deeply influenced by Han culture; In the early Qing Dynasty, during the formation of the Manchu community, the Manchu surname was polysyllabic, and it was written in Chinese characters that consisted of two or more Chinese characters. After the Manchus entered the customs, their surnames gradually transitioned to monosyllabics, that is, they were the same as the Han single-character surnames, which essentially had both the connotation of the original polysyllabic surnames and the monosyllabic expressions of the same Han surnames, forming the cultural characteristics of Manchu-Han compatible surnames. However, at this time, the Sinicization of the Manchu surname was still only a folk act, and the government in the early Qing Dynasty did not lead it. Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, there were many Manchu surnames that always existed, and they were consistent with the Qing Dynasty regime.
It was not until 1911, after the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, that the Qing court collapsed, the banner camp was disbanded, and the old Manchu surnames gradually disappeared in the process.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many Manchu people did not understand their old Manchu surnames due to their long-term Han surnames, and for various reasons such as writing habits, very few people used their old Manchu surnames.
So which Han surnames have these old Manchu surnames become? If we do, will we recognize it? Scholars Li Xuecheng and Wang Yan showed in the article "Examination of the Sinicization of Manchu Old Surnames" that the Sinicization of Manchu surnames has both rules to follow and the characteristics of diversity. There are three common forms of Sinicization of Manchu surnames: First, take the pronunciation of the first syllable of the old Manchu surname or homonym as the Han surname. For example, Zhang Jia's simplified to "Zhang", Ma Jia's simplified to "Ma", Fucha's simplified to "Fu", Tong Jia's simplified to "Tong", Suo Sui Luo's simplified to "Suo", Hesheri's simplified to "He" and "He", Kang Xili's simplified to "Kang", Guarjia's simplified to "Guan", etc. The second is to use the Chinese meaning of the old Manchu surname as a Chinese surname. For example, Niu Hulu's Chinese translation is "wolf", and the homonym of wolf is simplified to "lang"; The Chinese translation of Bayan is "rich", and the surname of Guanhan is "rich"; Nima Ha's Chinese translation is "fish", and the surname of Guanhan is "fish"; Akzhan is translated as "lei" in Chinese, and the surname of Guanhan is also "lei"; Fulha Han translates as "poplar", and the surname of Guanhan is "Yang", etc. The third is to take the first character of the father's or grandfather's name as the surname, which is what we call the "surname with the name". For example, in the late Qing Dynasty, there was a person named Haichen in the Aixinjue Luo clan who lived in Liaoyang, and his descendants took the character Hai as their surname. In addition to the general rules of the sinicization of Manchu surnames described above, scholars have found that the sinicization of Manchu surnames also has obvious regional characteristics, that is, the Han surnames transformed by them are also different depending on the region. For example, the Fucha clan in southern and eastern Liaoning is generally changed to "Fu", the Fucha clan in Shenyang is generally changed to "Fu", and the Fucha clan in western Liaoning is mostly changed to "Li"; Aixinjue Luo's surname in Beijing is mostly changed to "Jin" and "Luo", in Shenyang area it is changed to "Zhao" and "De", and in Liaoyang, it is mostly changed to "Hai" surname. In addition, in the sinicization of Manchu surnames, there will also be situations where the same old Manchu surname is changed to many Han surnames, and the same Han surname may come from different old Manchu surnames. At present, among the surnames in China, there are some surnames that look like single-character Chinese surnames, such as Zhao, Tu, De, Da, Tyranny, Hu, A, Xi, Bu, etc., in fact, most of these are Manchu surnames, which are evolved from the old Manchu surnames. In general, the Sinicization of the Manchu surname has both laws to follow, and there are many changes, which are the comprehensive products of many factors such as history, politics, culture, and region, and are also a microcosm of the development of ethnic integration. References:[1]Cao Dequan. (2003). "Eight Manchu Surnames". Manchu Studies (02), 84-87+96. [2] Zhao Weihe, Shen Xiuqing. (1996). Liaodong Manchu Wang Nationality Eight Surnames Exploration Origin. Manchu Studies (01), 38-44. [3] Li Xuecheng. (2013). The Eight Manchu Families and the Eight Surnames of the New Examination. Social Science Bulletin (06), 152-155. [4] Li Xuecheng. (2016). The Historical Transmutation of the Sinicization of Manchu Old Surnames: A Case Study of the Eight Manchu Surnames. Manchu Studies (02), 65-73. [5] Dun Binghe. (1999). Examination of the Qing Taizu Nurhachi Nationality -- and on the Historical Origin of the Jueercha Clan and the Aixinjue Luo Clan. Qing History Research (03), 105-112. [6] Li Xuecheng & Wang Yan. (2013). Manchu Studies (04), 107-112.
Author: Huang Yang Editor: Tennessee Duty Editor: Min Min
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