At present, the winter wheat has successively ended the heading and flowering period, and the prevention and control of wheat scab has come to an end. In the past few days, agricultural meteorological experts have gone into villages and farmland to "check the pulse" of wheat and protect the hope of a bumper harvest.
Carry out the "pulse" action in an accurate and timely manner
The heading and flowering period of wheat is generally from April to May every year, which is the prone period of high incidence of scab, and the environment of high temperature and high humidity is the hotbed for its occurrence and development. Wang Chunzhi, senior engineer of the Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Office of the National Meteorological Center, said that the wheat area in the Yangtze River basin is a common and recurrent area for wheat scab. In recent years, rainfall has often occurred during the heading and flowering period in the Yellow River Basin and surrounding wheat areas, and wheat scab has spread northward, threatening the entire winter wheat producing area.
At present, the prevention and control of wheat scab is still ongoing. Meteorological departments at all levels pay close attention to the weather situation in the main wheat producing areas, continue to track and monitor the weather development in key areas, and release forecast and early warning information in a timely manner at key nodes.
On April 28, in more than 100 acres of wheat multiplication fields in Beicai Xinzhuang Village, Linxi County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, several drones took off to apply pesticides accurately. At the same time, the county's 400,000 acres of winter wheat "one spray and three prevention" operations have been launched. Previously, the Xingtai Meteorological Bureau predicted that there would be meteorological conditions suitable for the occurrence of wheat scab in the next few days, issued early warning information in a timely manner, and guided farmers to do relevant work.
Staff from the Nanhe District Meteorological Bureau of Xingtai City are measuring soil moisture and temperature of wheat Photo: Wang Guimei
The Shaanxi Provincial Meteorological Department worked closely with the agricultural and rural departments to send people to the fields to carry out research on scab, share information in a timely manner, and push scab forecast and early warning information to growers through multiple channels. "Thanks to the wheat scab forecast of the meteorological department, my wheat has basically not been affected this year, and the yield and quality are guaranteed." On May 9, Mr. Zhang, a grower in Yangguo Village, Yangguo Town, Weinan City, said to experts from the Provincial Agricultural Remote Sensing and Cash Crops Meteorological Service Center who came to investigate.
At the end of March, the Anhui Provincial Agricultural Meteorological Center prepared decision-making service materials according to the weather trend forecast of wheat development period and submitted them to the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, pointing out that the meteorological risk level of wheat scab in the areas south of the Huai River is high, and prevention and control preparations should be made, and the agricultural meteorological disaster risk early warning service materials should be jointly produced with the Provincial Plant Protection Station. Relying on the SMS platform, the provincial meteorological department provides more than 50,000 large wheat growers, plant protection flight control personnel and agricultural technicians in the province with refined weather forecast information in different regions and time periods, providing an important guarantee for the precise prevention and control of wheat scab.
Science and technology support smart service pest control
Since the beginning of this year, meteorological departments at all levels have focused on improving the scientific and technological content of agricultural meteorological services, continuously improving the quantitative, intelligent and refined level of agricultural services, and playing an important role in the prevention and control of wheat scab.
Wang Chunzhi said that the National Meteorological Center and Jiangsu Provincial Meteorological Bureaus have established a meteorological grade forecasting system for the occurrence and development of wheat scab and the prevention and control of wheat scab based on the support of intelligent grid forecasting technology and the "Tianqing" cloud platform, which provides technical support for the meteorological department to carry out forecasting and early warning and the prevention and control of scab by relevant departments and growers in an appropriate manner.
The meteorological department of Jiangsu Province strengthened the research on the prediction of the suitable meteorological trend of wheat scab, and established a meteorological prediction model of wheat scab based on random forest algorithm, so as to realize the trend prediction of wheat scab meteorological conditions in 13 cities. At the same time, based on multi-source satellite remote sensing data, the spatial distribution map of wheat meteorological suitability trend prediction in the province this year was drawn.
Staff of Xiangshui County Meteorological Bureau, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province investigate wheat scab in the field Photo: Liu Ying
Using the automatic observation data of agrometeorology and satellite remote sensing monitoring products, the meteorological department of Henan Province dynamically monitored the development process of wheat. Based on the intelligent grid forecast products, more than 80 special service products such as wheat spring pipes have been produced and released, and refined meteorological services for the prevention and control of wheat scab have been provided to 56 key counties in 6 cities. The provincial agricultural and rural departments actively organize unified prevention and control, joint prevention and control, and group prevention and control according to the meteorological risk early warning information provided by the meteorological department. As of April 28, the province has prevented wheat scab for a total of 101,904,900 mu.
Joint defense of departments as "guardians of wheat fields"
"From May 3 to 6, there was a large-scale light to moderate rain precipitation process in the northern winter wheat area, and the meteorological risk of wheat scab was high (yellow warning)." On May 2, a message was sent from the National Early Warning Information Dissemination Center. This is a reminder for the prevention and control of wheat scab jointly issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Meteorological Administration.
This year, the China Meteorological Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have issued the "Wheat Scab Early Warning" and "Wheat Scab Prevention and Control Meteorological Conditions Forecast" week by week from April 8 to May 3, providing important support for the timely prevention and control of wheat scab.
Zeng Juan, director of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced that this year, meteorological departments at all levels and agricultural and rural departments have innovated and established a joint consultation, timely reporting of key weather, and joint release mechanism of disease warnings, and carried out close cooperation in meteorological information exchange, disaster forecasting, early warning information release, meteorological disaster risk and other disease epidemiological law research.
Zeng Juan said that from the medium-term and long-term research and judgment of the occurrence trend of wheat scab organized in various places, as well as the short-term rolling early warning from heading and flowering to grain filling, it can be seen that the joint mechanism of the two departments has significantly improved the accuracy of wheat scab forecasting. At the same time, the meteorological department has become more proactive in prevention and control actions. As early as late March, the meteorological department submitted a forecast to the relevant provincial governments at all levels and the agricultural and rural departments that the meteorological risk of wheat scab is expected to be high in April. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and relevant provinces attach great importance to it, accelerate the implementation of material reserves, formulate prevention and control action plans in a timely manner, and advance the critical period of prevention and control in the southern Jianghuai and Huanghuai provinces by more than 10 days.
At present, meteorological departments at all levels and agricultural and rural departments are still working together to protect wheat fields.
Authors: Yan Hong (Yang Tuihuan, Tang Yukun, Li Hongmei, Wang Bing, Yue Wei, Zhou Aichun, Cheng Lin, Ma Xun, Bai Yujie, Chen Xiaoying, Xu Min contributed to this article)
Editor: Shi Guanghao, Liu Zhao, Ye YihongRelease: Bu Yu Review: Duan Haoshu