Authors: Gao Pan, Wang Yuxian, Xu Yingying, Yang Huiying, Wang Chen, Zhang Gongliang
Unit: Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Introduction:Gao Pan, female, from Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, assistant researcher, master's degree, engaged in soil fertilization and improvement research.
Funds: Research Funds for Provincial Research Institutes in Heilongjiang Province (CZKYF2021-2-C021); Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Leapfrog Project(HNK2019CX12-06); Sub-project of Strategic Priority Science and Technology Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28130504); National Agricultural Environment Qiqihar Observation and Experimental Station Project (NAES058AE10).
Source: Anhui Agricultural Sciences, Issue 8, 2024
Citation format: Gao Pan, Wang Yuxian, Xu Yingying, et al. Effects of straw returning on soil organic carbon composition and yield in semi-arid areas[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2024,52(8):149-151.)
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Soil organic carbon refers to various carbon-containing organic compounds in the positive valence state of soil, which are not only closely related to soil fertility, but also have a huge impact on the earth's carbon cycle, which is not only a "source" of greenhouse gases, but also an important "sink". Soil particulate organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon are extremely important parts of soil, and are easily affected by factors such as tillage methods, climatic conditions, and fertilization methods. A large number of studies have shown that straw returning is an important measure to increase soil organic carbon activity and content, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and improve soil moisture and crop yield. However, in actual production, due to the differences in natural conditions in different places, the type of straw and the amount of straw returned to the field will have a great impact on the soil organic carbon components.
objective
To explore the effects of maize straw returning on soil organic carbon composition and yield in semi-arid areas, so as to provide a scientific basis for scientific fertilization and soil fertility improvement in the semi-arid areas of western Heilongjiang Province.
way
In this study, the contents of soil particulate organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon and maize yield were analyzed under three treatments: CK (conventional planting), FM (straw burial and returning) and FG (straw mulching and returning to the field) (Table 1).
outcome
◆Effects of different straw returning treatments on soil particulate organic carbon
It can be seen from Table 2 that the organic carbon content of clay (<0.053 μm) was the highest in each soil layer of different treatments. Compared with CK, the four soil layers treated with FM had the highest organic carbon content of clay (>0.250 μm) and clay ( <0.053 μm) increased the average organic carbon content by 21.78% and 20.51%, respectively, and FG treatment increased by 25.87% and 13.52%, respectively. The average organic carbon content of the four soil layers (0.053~0.250 μm) under different treatments was FG>CK>FM, and FG treatment increased by 19.04% compared with CK.
◆Effects of different straw returning treatments on water-soluble organic carbon
It can be seen from Figure 1 that after 7 years of continuous straw returning, the content of water-soluble organic carbon in each soil layer was the highest in FM treatment and FM>FG>CK in the soil layers of 0~10 and >10~20cm, respectively, and the FM treatment increased by 22.73% and 38.25%, respectively, and the FG treatment increased by 2.48% and 26.32% compared with CK. In the >20~30 and >30~40 cm soil layers, the content of soil dissolved organic carbon was FM>CK>FG, and the FG treatment decreased by 14.55% and 9.41%, respectively, while the FM treatment increased by 10.68% and 17.85%, respectively.
Fig.1 The content of water-soluble organic carbon in each soil layer under different straw returning treatments
◆Effects of different straw returning treatments on yield and related compositions
As can be seen from Table 3, there were no significant differences in spike length, spike diameter and spike row number among different treatments. The order of grain number per panicle was FM>FG>CK, and the FM and FG treatments increased by 15.75% and 3.69%, respectively, compared with CK. The grain moisture content was FG>CK>FM, in which FG treatment increased by 14.31% compared with CK, and FM treatment decreased by 6.92% compared with CK. The yield order was FM>FG>CK, and the FM and FG treatments increased the yield by 5.20% and 3.20%, respectively, compared with CK.
conclusion
Clay (<0.053μm) had the highest organic carbon content in each soil layer of different treatments. The average organic carbon content of sand particles (>0.250μm) and clay (<0.053μm) in the four soil layers of FM treatment increased by 21.78% and 20.51%, respectively, and increased by 25.87% and 13.52%, respectively, in FG treatment. The content of water-soluble organic carbon in each soil layer was the highest in FM treatment, which was FM>FG>CK in 0~10 and >10~20cm soil layers, and 20>20~In the 30 and > 30~40cm soil layers, the content of soil dissolved organic carbon was FM>CK>FG, respectively. There were no significant differences in spike length, spike diameter and spike row number between different treatments. The order of grain number per panicle was FM>FG>CK, and FM and FG treatments increased by 15.75% and 3.69%, respectively, compared with CK. The grain moisture content was FG>CK>FM, in which FG treatment increased by 14.31% compared with CK, and FM treatment decreased by 6.92% compared with CK. The yield order was FM>FG>CK, and the FM and FG treatments increased the yield by 5.20% and 3.20%, respectively, compared with CK.
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