In the war to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, why was the beggar Zhu Yuanzhang who carried the banner of restoring China, which is fundamentally different from the previous history, before the Song Dynasty, every time a foreign invaded, it was the aristocratic scholar and doctor class who shouldered the heavy responsibility of restoring the country, and few peasants at the bottom to complete it. It is the change of dynasty, and most of the winners in the end are the aristocratic class, and the peasant uprisings rarely triumphantly establish a new dynasty, and in the war to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, there is no group of scholars and doctors who came out to lead the anti-Yuan banner, but a beggar living at the bottom carried the banner of restoring China, and where did those elite scholars and doctors go?
The same situation also appeared after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, when the Qing army entered the customs, and no longer saw the scholars and doctors come out to organize resistance, especially the prince of the Zhu family, and the most fierce resistance of the army was the original peasant rebel army, such as Li Dingguo.
This was not the case before the Tang Dynasty, during the Wuhu Rebellion, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties were able to keep half of the south of the Yangtze River by relying on the big families. And the Sui and Tang dynasties were able to unify the world by relying on the Guanlong aristocracy, and Zhao Kuangyin was also a small nobleman.
In the same situation, in the anti-Qin uprising, Xiang Yu was the main force to overthrow the Qin Dynasty, but in the end it was Liu Bang, who was called a hooligan by Sima Qian, Liu Bang had nothing, and only married a daughter-in-law at the age of forty, and none of the nobles of the Six Kingdoms won.
It is said that the elite class has the highest education, the widest range of knowledge, and the most resources, but why did they become the backbone of the resistance to aggression when the nation was in danger? In the anti-Yuan war, none of Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng, and Liu Futong were feudal scholars. Is it really "the righteous are mostly slaughtering dogs, and the negative is all scholars"?
Why did the civil resistance force decline rapidly after the Song Dynasty, and no place where the Jin soldiers, Mongol soldiers, and Qing soldiers entered the Central Plains had the ability to organize effective resistance. The physique of the Han people also decreased rapidly after the Song Dynasty, and the soldiers of the Han and Tang armies were able to fight several Hu soldiers, and the generals were brave and martial.