A rustic body, with two sleeves of wheat fragrance. Guo Jinkao, who is over seventy years old, maintains the habit of going to the field every day, and when he meets fellow villagers who come to consult him nearby, he often can't stop chatting. "When Dean Guo was in the field, he could stay from morning to night, and often forgot to eat." A colleague commented.
Over the past 50 years, Guo Jinkao has successively served as an expert of the National Wheat Guidance Group, the chief expert of wheat in Hebei Province, the president of the Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the head of the old expert workstation of Malan Farm, breeding 38 wheat varieties, with an application area of 380 million mu, increasing wheat yield by 12 billion kilograms, saving water by 12.5 billion cubic meters, and creating economic benefits of tens of billions of yuan.
"Whether a variety is good or not, the farmer has the final say. The peasants said that the varieties are good and that they can produce more grain, which is my greatest spiritual enjoyment. Speaking of wheat, Guo Jinkao's face was flushed, and his wrinkles seemed to be happy. can do something for others, it can be said that this life has not been fooled in vain. ”
01 "Be the best at everything"
/ Drive the increase of wheat yield in Hebei /
A nest broke three pieces, and looked at the porridge and swallowed foam. Guo Jinkao, who was born in 1951, was catching up with the famine when he was growing up. The young Guo Jinkao thought while gnawing on the bark: If the common people can let go of their stomachs, it would be great to eat white flour and big steamed buns.
Determined to study agriculture, Guo Jinkao, who worked at the Agricultural Science Institute in Shijiazhuang as he wished, encountered obstacles on the first day of work. At that time, the Institute of Agricultural Sciences had no expert guidance, no test materials, and no test equipment. The words of the old leader at that time ignited Guo Jinkao's enthusiasm: Poor conditions are a reality, but in the final analysis, people are the decisive factor, and we communists have developed in the midst of poverty and whiteness, and as long as we have confidence and determination, we will definitely be able to accomplish things.
Crossing the river by feeling the stones. Lacking breeding experience, Guo Jinkao went to the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the China Agricultural University, Hebei Agricultural University and other units to learn advanced breeding experience. Without test materials, Guo Jinkao and his colleagues went to the northwest three times, Henan four times, Shandong five times, and Beijing, and went to Beijing for a long time, collecting more than 500 germplasm resources at home and abroad in two years. There is a lack of test fields that meet the standards, "to the countryside". They came to the farm in Malan Village, Xinji City, and took root for more than 40 years, synchronizing the rhythm of their work and life with the growth and rest of wheat.
The grain planting system in the North China Plain has been changed from two years and three crops to two crops in one year, which has put forward the requirement of early maturity for wheat. "As an agricultural scientist, the problem is found in the land and in the farmers, so the first goal is to solve the problem of combining early maturity and high yield."
Focusing on solving the problem of food and clothing, Jimai 26 created a high yield record of more than 500 kilograms; In terms of production, to build a thousand catties of counties, more stable varieties are needed, and Jimai 38 has set a high yield record of more than 600 kilograms; With the combination of water saving and drought resistance, Shi 4185 has created a high yield record of more than 700 kilograms, which has made due contributions to the average yield of wheat per mu in Hebei Province from 200 kilograms to 400 kilograms. A series of yield measurement data is the footprint on the road to the development of the wheat industry. As the first host, Guo Jinkao has won 3 second prizes and 1 third prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and 1 second prize of the National Technological Invention Award as the main researcher.
"If you are serious enough in your thinking, you may not be able to do things well. It's the same with breeding, you have to be the best at your best. "How to get rid of the shackles of watching the sky and eating, we also need to improve the stress resistance and adaptability of varieties to cope with climate change.
In order to screen out wheat varieties with stronger adaptability, Guo Jinkao innovated the breeding method of "synchronous selection of individual groups", using warm and tropical seed selection methods, and traveling back and forth between Hebei and Hainan to select seeds. "The selection process is a high-pressure process, and the resistance to disease is clear at a glance." Guo Jinkao said.
Winter wheat in Hebei does not undergo vernalization and cannot bear ears in the south. How to breed in generations, Guo Jinkao thought of Pingshan County. "The altitude is high there, so the seedlings are planted in September, the seedlings are raised in November, and then the wheat seedlings are transplanted in Hainan."
Once, when I was planting seedlings in Hainan, it rained on a hot and sultry day. In order not to miss the farming time, Guo Jinkao braved the rain to plant the seedlings in the field in time. However, when he was too old to withstand the toss, the hot and humid weather caused him to suffer from skin diseases, and he still has sequelae.
02 "To have a national spirit" /Create a series of water-saving and high-yield varieties /
Hebei is a major grain producing province in the country, with a grain output of more than 70 billion catties for 11 consecutive years. In the past, 50 cubic meters of water were required for watering wheat on one acre of land, and five or six waters were required from planting to harvesting.
Due to the long-term reliance on over-extracted groundwater to support economic and social development, Hebei Province has formed a groundwater funnel area of nearly 70,000 square kilometers. "Our wells are from five to forty or fifty meters deep, and even up to a hundred meters. We eat not only the water of our ancestors, but also the water of future generations, which will affect the future. The problem of sinking groundwater is on Guo Jinkao's mind.
How to make every drop of water produce more food, it is necessary to combine water saving with high yield in breeding. "Water saving, this problem is mainly solved by science and technology." Guo Jinkao thinks.
Guo Jinkao, deputy to the National People's Congress, consultant of the National Wheat Expert Group, and chief expert of wheat breeding in Hebei Province (Source: Hebei News Network)
Shi 4185, Shijiazhuang No. 8 and other water-saving high-yield varieties have come out one after another, achieving the goal of 1 water over 1,000 catties of output, these two varieties in 2004, 2011 respectively won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.
There is no such thing as the best, only better. In 2022, Guo Jinkao's newly cultivated Malan No. 1 wheat will yield 863.8 kg per mu, setting a record for the highest yield per mu in water-scarce areas in Hebei, and increasing the yield by 1,200 catties per mu. Zhao Zhendong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said, "Because water shortage is a bottleneck in the mainland and even in the northern region, Guo Jinkao's work is to achieve high yield and improve high-quality benefits on the basis of water conservation, which is worth learning from all of us." ”
"The deeper the roots, the less water you need." According to Guo Jinkao, Malan No. 1 has a well-developed root system, and compared with ordinary wheat varieties, it saves about 50 cubic meters of water per mu, and is identified as a "water-saving and high-yield variety"; It has outstanding performance such as strong tillering ability, dwarf stalk lodging resistance, high panicle rate, more per mu spike, more grains per spike, and high 1000-grain weight, and is well received by farmers, and has been applied in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and other places for more than 10 million mu, and is listed as the main variety promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
03 "The pursuit of science never ends" / Let every drop of water, every inch produce more food /
In recent years, Malan Farm, which is also responsible for breeding, display, promotion and other tasks, has been busier. "We carry out training on drones, planting techniques, new farmers, etc., and sometimes we have a class every other day." Yao Lizhang, deputy general manager of Malan Farm, introduced.
Guo Jinkao attaches great importance to teaching and educating people, and he personally combs the content of each class, analyzes the data, and produces courseware when preparing for classes. When I talk to different people, I will also think about different directions and redo the courseware. In April this year, Guo Jinkao was invited to give an academic report to students from Hebei Agricultural University. The report PPT has been changed and changed, and it has been prepared for a month, and Guo Jinkao is still thinking about the direction of teaching. "Teaching and educating people is not only about imparting knowledge academically, but more importantly, about bringing inspiration to the mind. Let students learn agriculture and love agriculture, work hard and innovate. ”
I go to the field during the day, investigate materials and take pictures, go back at night to make records and conduct in-depth research, and deal with desk work, often in the middle of the night...... What Guo Jinkao enjoys most is staying with wheat. At present, there are more than 1,000 materials planted in Malan Farm all year round, and about 400 materials are matched.
"I am a 'matchmaker', whether men and women are suitable, whether there are genes, whether the children are of good quality and high yield." Guo Jinkao introduced with a smile that how to make the trait achieve the separation goal at the expected time after mating requires enough understanding of the parents, which is the experience of time precipitation. "Talking about heroes under the straw hat, see if you dare to go to the ground."
When it comes to breeding, Guo Jinkao's eyes are shining. "Breeding is like educating people, the wheat in the seedling stage is like a baby, and it should be cared for like a mother; Entering the period of tillering, jointing, heading, etc., just like the students receiving education, they should be carefully cultivated like teachers; After maturity, it is like graduating out of the society, and beginning to accept market review, we must continue to pay attention to promotion and tracking services, and farmers say that it is really good. ”
After retiring from Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guo Jinkao adhered to the road of combining science and enterprise, cooperated with Hebei Dadi Seed Company, and set up the first old expert workstation in Malan Farm, and was appointed as the head of the No. 1 station of the old expert workstation.
"The changes in my identity are all outside the body, my place has not changed, and my research has not changed. So much of the results came out of this land, and it was Malan Farm that helped me. Guo Jinkao said. At an event, Guo Jinkao shared his insights on breeding: "As agricultural science and technology workers, in recent years, we have conducted research on thousands of farmers around the topic of increasing yields. At present, the integrated development of new varieties, new technologies, new equipment, and new farmers provides strong support for the improvement of grain yields. ”
After breeding Malan No. 1, Guo Jinkao bred different types of new varieties such as Shinong 083, a new variety of water-saving and fertilizer-saving national review, a new high-quality special variety Malan No. 6, and a new high-strength gluten variety Malan No. 7, making more contributions to making every drop of water produce more food, every inch of land to produce more wheat, and let the people eat more high-end flour.
Author丨Chen YingEditor丨Nong CaijunContact Nong Caijun丨18565265490
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