Yang Jinlian's family
Hello everyone, I'm Lantai.
Today, Lantai would like to introduce to you the three special mothers and daughters in the Red Army's Long March.
The reason why the three of them are special is that the mother and daughter not only participated in the Long March and successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi, but also the mother and daughter all enjoyed a long life, of which the mother was 102 years old when she died, the eldest daughter was 84 years old when she died, and the youngest daughter was 94 years old when she died, and the average life expectancy of the three mothers was 93.33 years.
What is even more legendary is that my mother was 60 years old when she participated in the Long March, which was older than Dong Biwu, Lin Boqu, Xu Teli, and Xie Jueya, the four famous "older" Red Army soldiers in history.
He was the oldest soldier in the Red Army who participated in the Long March, and there was no one.
Next, Lantai will give you a brief introduction to this legendary mother and daughter trio.
Yang Jinlian
01、
Yang Jinlian, Tibetan, formerly known as Ban Dengzhuo.
He was born in 1875 in Maogong County, Sichuan Province, to a poor serf family.
Maogong County, known as the Maogong Tun Affairs Department in the Qing Dynasty, was the Zhili Hall directly under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Sichuan at that time.
Why is it directly governed by the Yamen, the governor of Sichuan?
Because before the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the Maogong Tun Affairs Hall had a more resounding name: the Great and Small Jinchuan.
Yes, the Maogong Tun Affairs Department is that after Emperor Qianlong conquered the Tusi of Jinchuan in the 41st year of Qianlong, he changed the Tusi of Jinchuan to the Liuliu, and changed it to the Maogong Tun Affairs Department in the 48th year of Qianlong, and the governance office is in today's Xiaojin County, Sichuan Province.
In the Qing Dynasty, the jurisdiction of the Maogong Tun Affairs Department was roughly in the eastern areas of Xiaojin, Jinchuan and Danba counties in present-day Sichuan Province.
In 1914, the Maogong Tun Affairs Department was renamed Maogong County, and in 1953, it was renamed Xiaojin County.
And Yang Jinlian was born in 1875, which happened to be the first year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, that is to say, when Yang Jinlian was born, Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dezong had just ascended the throne.
When Yang Jinlian became an adult, she married a Han man surnamed Jiang who came to Tibet from southern Sichuan to make a living, and the two settled in Wangjiazhai in Mulong Township after marriage.
After marriage, the two had two sons and two daughters, and lived a very happy life although they were not rich.
It's a pity that Yang Jinlian's husband died of illness in 1928, and the family's meager property was also spent on her husband's medical treatment.
At this time, the house leak happened to rain overnight, and the landlord who originally rented the land to his family saw that Yang Jinlian's husband was sick and died, and no longer rented the land to Yang Jinlian's family for farming.
Yang Jinlian, who lost all her sources of livelihood, suddenly fell into despair, but her husband's former friend Tang Hongshan lent a helping hand. took Yang Jinlian's family to live in Putou, Lipan County.
In order to give the young children a place to rely on and gain a foothold, Yang Jinlian chose to marry Tang Hongshan, who was alone after losing his wife, and in order to repay the kindness, Yang Jinlian also changed the name of her youngest son to Tang Zhiquan.
In May 1966, Jiang Xiuying and Jiang Decheng were in Beijing
In May 1935, the Fourth Front Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army moved westward into the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and established the Songli Maochi District.
As an activist, Tang Hongshan was elected as a member of the village soviet's grain raising committee, but no one expected that Tang Hongshan was attacked by the reactionary landlords when he was raising grain for the Red Army and unfortunately died.
Yang Jinlian lost her husband again, and the life of the whole family fell into trouble again.
At this time, Jiang Xiuying, the eldest daughter who was originally a child daughter-in-law, but could not bear the abuse and fled, was rescued by another Red Army, and under the inspiration of the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army, she joined the Red Army as a translator.
When she learned of her stepfather's death, she hurriedly asked for leave to return to her parents' home, firstly to comfort her mother, and secondly, to mobilize her mother, sister, and two brothers to act as translators for the Red Army, known as "Tongsi" in Tibetan.
At this time, Yang Jinlian, who was already 60 years old, was persuaded by her eldest daughter and inspired by the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army, and resolutely decided to join the army with her whole family, at this time her youngest daughter Jiang Ping was only 14 years old, and her youngest son Tang Zhiquan was 12 years old.
In this way, Yang Jinlian's family of five joined the Red Army and was assigned to different units to work as interpreters for the Red Army.
姜萍
02、
The Long March was not always smooth sailing, although Yang Jinlian and her two daughters successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi with the army; But both sons are missing.
The eldest son Jiang Decheng was frostbitten when he crossed the snow-capped mountains, in order not to drag down the troops, he could only stay in the local area to recuperate, but he was too seriously injured, and the leg injury was not well for a year, in desperation, he had to return to his hometown in Putou to farm, and it was not until after the founding of New China that the family was able to meet.
The youngest son, Tang Zhiquan, disappeared during a reconnaissance mission and has not been heard from since.
Because Yang Jinlian was 60 years old when she participated in the Long March, she was called "old mother" by the Red Army soldiers; After the Red Army arrived in Yan'an, Cai Chang gave her a Han name called "Yang Jinlian".
Because Yang Jinlian is over sixty years old, in order to take care of her, the organization arranged for her to do logistics work in the general supply department.
Since then, Yang Jinlian has moved to Shanxi and Hebei with her agency.
Jiang Ping (first row) and her children, second row from left Fu Jianjun (Jiang Ping's Japanese adopted daughter)
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yang Jinlian, who was 74 years old, was retired as a staff member of the Central Committee, and Yang Jinlian has been living with her eldest daughter since then.
In November 1977, Yang Jinlian died in Beijing at the age of 102.
Yang Jinlian's eldest daughter, Jiang Xiuying, froze her toe during the Long March, and injured her toe while evading a surprise attack by the Kuomintang Air Force, resulting in a fractured toe.
Under the condition of extremely poor medical conditions, Jiang Xiuying, in order not to drag down the large army, cut off the severed toe with a small axe, smear the wound with firewood ash, and walked out of the grassland with the large army with tenacious revolutionary will and tenacious perseverance, and came to Yan'an.
It was at this time that the mother and daughter finally met again after more than a year, and it was at this party that they learned the news of the disappearance of the eldest brother and the younger brother.
In the years that followed, Jiang Xiuying has been working in organs directly under the central government, which is also an organizational care.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jiang Xiuying successively worked in the Supply Department and the Central Archives of the organs under the Central Committee, and later retired at the level of deputy director.
In 1997, 84-year-old Jiang Xiuying died of illness in Beijing.
After the youngest daughter Jiang Ping arrived in northern Shaanxi with the Red Army, she was arranged to work as a worker and squad leader in the Yan'an General Logistics Clothing Factory.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, she was first arranged to study at the Yan'an Resistance School, and after graduation, she entered the Resistance Hospital as a nurse.
During the Liberation War, she successively served as an instructor of the supply and clothing factory of the Jilin Military Region and the instructor of the Supply Department of the First Independent Division of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army.
In 1949, Jiang Ping went south to Wuhan with the army, experienced the suppression of bandits in Xiangxi, and after the task was completed, he was transferred to the Supply Department of the 47th Army of the People's Liberation Army to work, and also went to North Korea.
In 1966, Jiang Ping's family
During Jiang Ping's work in the 47th Army, at the request of the Japanese head nurse of the 47th Army Field Hospital, she adopted her daughter and named her Fu Jianjun.
In 1972, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, Jiang Ping originally wanted Fu Jianjun to return to Japan to find his biological parents, but Fu Jianjun had already regarded Jiang Ping as his mother, so she refused to go to Japan.
In 1969, Fu Jianjun joined the army honorably, and joined the party, promoted cadres, fell in love, and got married in the army until he retired.
On the Qingming Festival in 2018, Fu Jianchang (first from left, Jiang Ping's youngest son) remembered his grandmother, mother, aunt, uncle and other martyrs in the Putou Red Army Cemetery
Jiang Ping's husband, Fu Jiayou, was a high-ranking officer of the People's Liberation Army who was awarded the rank of colonel in 1955, and he once resigned from his post as head of the logistics department of the Wuhan Military Region on the grounds of "old age."
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jiang Ping and his wife have been working in the logistics department of the Wuhan Military Region and settled in Wuhan.
In September 2014, Jiang Ping died in Wuhan at the age of 94.
END
Resources:
"Yang Jinlian: The Oldest Heroine in the Red Army's Long March", Wang Youping, China Military Network;
"Red Heart to the Party - The Long March of a Family of Five", Yue Yungang and Wang Xiaofang, Bashu Historical Chronicles, No. 4, 2021