The Voice of China specially curated "Mister" to pay tribute to the masters who nourished the atmosphere with virtue, and leave traces of their achievements and cultivation. Broadcast today: "Zhou Honghao: The "Pioneer" of Precision Medicine".
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Zhou Honghao: Is there a racial and genetic difference in clinical medication, no one has ever done this, this is the world's first article, I am a little strange, lucky, made the result. The most important thing is the difference between individuals, and in the final analysis, the meaning of innovation is here.
【Character Business Card】
Zhou Honghao, born in 1939, is 85 years old this year. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and a chief professor of the National Key Discipline of Pharmacology. The founder of personalized medicine. He was the first in the world to propose and confirm racial differences in drug response, and established a theoretical system of genetic pharmacology with national and national characteristics.
Zhou Honghao: Before the article was published, reporters from New York and Washington came to me, and in an instant the whole world knew about my work, which made a sensation......
In 1989, the New England Journal of Medicine, the most authoritative journal in the field of clinical medical science, published an article about the racial differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetics of drugs, which broke the inherent drug thinking of the international medical community that "weight determines the dosage of drugs", and also made Zhou Honghao, the name of a Chinese scientist, known to more people.
Zhou Honghao: I wasn't sure about sending it out at first, in case it couldn't stand, isn't this messing? So I first did the propranolol experiment, and then I did atropine and morphine, and then the results of the three experiments showed that there were racial and genetic differences in clinical medication, and then I sent it out.
Zhou Honghao, who has such achievements in the field of pharmacology, his father is a painter who studied under Liu Haisu, and his aunt is a music teacher.
Zhou Honghao: I can sing, and I have some artistic expertise. When I grew up, a very good classmate of mine accidentally took me to the hospital where his brother worked, and as soon as I arrived at the ward, I was shocked, there were patients everywhere, and I was touched by the nobility of doctors and the desire of patients at that time, and I was easily moved, and because of this, I changed my ambition overnight and embarked on the path of studying medicine.
Determined to be like a mountain. In 1957, Zhou Honghao, who was admitted to Wuhan Medical College with excellent results, found that medical knowledge was so complex, boring and rigorous, that he thought he had some artistic and romantic temperament, and doubted his original choice.
Zhou Honghao: I said that I am not suitable for studying medicine. Too boring and too rigid! I like to be flexible, I like to think, but when I choose, I do it. I was still memorizing such a thick textbook in the middle of the night, and I was still reading it at two or three o'clock in the morning. After this path, it must be completed.
Before the age of 40, Zhou Honghao did not go well. After graduating from the bachelor's degree, Zhou Honghao did not stay in school as a teacher as he wished, but was selected to work as a military doctor in an air force hospital in the Guangzhou Military Region, where he worked for seven years.
In 1969, after thinking twice, Zhou Honghao chose to change jobs and returned to his hometown of Changsha to work as a health doctor in a factory, but Zhou Honghao was still dreaming of being a "Mr. Teaching".
Zhou Honghao: I knew that the situation would definitely change, and it would change soon. So, I taught myself English. In 1978, when the reform and opening up began, I didn't look for anyone, so I went directly to the personnel department of Hunan Medical College, and I told him that my name was so-and-so, where I was working now, and where I graduated from, and then in the afternoon (medical school) sent someone to my factory, and soon arranged for transfer. I was born in 1939, that is, I was almost 40 years old before I started my professional work.
Since then, the three-foot podium has become Zhou Honghao's stage. Clinical pharmacology in the world began in the early 60s of the 20th century, and the mainland officially started in 1978. However, Zhou Honghao believes that this emerging discipline is an opportunity.
Dare to "offend" authority and break out of stereotypes
In 1983, Zhou Honghao got the opportunity to go to Hong Kong to study clinical pharmacology, and when he was doing clinical consultation on hypertension, he accidentally found that the British people with the same symptoms of hypertension took much larger doses than the Chinese. Why are the doses of medicine different between the British and the Chinese? Is it really the so-called weight difference?
Zhou Honghao: At that time, the accepted theory was that the reason why the Chinese used a smaller dose than foreigners was because the Chinese weighed small, but in fact, the Chinese used 10 mg three times a day, while the British used a dose as large as 40 mg, three times a day, (even) 80 mg, three times a day, but our weight would not be 8 times smaller than them, right? Therefore, I think that the dosage of the drug is not a matter of weight, and the pharmacology is nothing more than two, one is pharmacokinetics (drug metabolizing enzymes) and the other is pharmacokinetics (drug receptors).
Soon, Zhou Honghao stood out from nearly 100 applicants from around the world, successfully won the Merck (Merck) Scholarship, and successfully entered Vanderbilt University, an authoritative university for clinical pharmacology research in the United States, with scientific research funds and this research topic. The English that I had taught myself in my spare time at a state-owned factory in the early years finally came in handy. It's just that I am not familiar with the experimental equipment, the computer can't be operated, and I still have to learn many things from scratch.
Zhou Honghao: I went as an experienced doctor, and no one would take you, and I didn't know where the medicine was or how to prescribe it. Like injections and blood draws, I do it myself. I haven't seen a computer in China, and others are also very busy, who do you ask to teach me? So I bought one, and for a week at home, I read and did it page by page, and I broke through and I was very free.
However, in the process of experimental research, Zhou Honghao still encountered a problem: he could not find a diverse ethnic research subject. This made Zhou Honghao at that time very distressed, but fortunately, he was helpful and finally got the help of many friends.
Zhou Honghao: It's very difficult, there is no obstacle to taking blood from foreigners and doing pharmacological experiments, but Chinese, there are not many Chinese who went out in the 80s, these people who go out are afraid of drawing blood, why are they afraid of drawing blood? He said that the blood was drawn to draw his bone marrow, so the subject could not find it. By chance, when I applied for a visa to the United States in Beijing, there was a student from Peking University in front of me, and we all went to the same university when we chatted, and half a year later, I met him, and I heard that I was going to do an experiment, and he said I would come, so he took the lead, and soon the second one came, an Indonesian Chinese, and then gradually opened up.
At that time, the country was wide open, and more immigrants came to Americans. It's just that no matter before or after becoming famous, Zhou Honghao has always been unmoved.
Zhou Honghao: At that time, before I published an article, they wanted me to get a green card, but I refused, and I said I wouldn't consider it.
Science knows no borders, and scientists have a homeland
In 1991, Zhou Honghao's research in the United States was carried out vigorously, and Luo Jiadian, then president of Hunan Medical University, came to the United States, and he had a very clear purpose in this trip, that is, he hoped to persuade Zhou Honghao to return to China for development. Seeing that Zhou Honghao's research and life in the United States were on the rise, President Luo couldn't open his mouth.
Zhou Honghao: He saw that I was very popular working there, (so) he didn't talk about it, but there was a foreign affairs person surnamed Song, and he was also very upright, so he told me, but when the principal heard it, he yelled at him and told him not to talk nonsense. I understood that the principal wanted me to come back, and I was easily moved, so I called the principal in the middle of the night, and I said that I was going back, and everyone was very surprised and surprised.
Reporter: At that time, could your wife and children understand?
Zhou Honghao: My wife (thinks) it doesn't matter, the key is my son, he was in the top 3% of the SAT college qualification test in the United States at that time, and with this score, he can go directly to the best school in the United States. At this time, I said to him, go back, and he said Dad, if you go back, I will go back with me.
Science knows no borders, and scientists have a homeland. Zhou Honghao refused to accept the American school and company that had kept him many times, and resolutely returned to China, although he knew that China could not provide the necessary qualifications for scientific research.
Zhou Honghao: There is no scientific research funding, and there is no house to live in, and when those school leaders saw me, they were embarrassed, so I avoided them, because I also knew that they were in trouble, so I slowly got through it, anyway, it was man-made.
After returning to China, Zhou Honghao continued to carry out in-depth research on genetic pharmacology, and pushed the research from race to the individual field, providing a new basis for "individualized medicine" according to individual genetic characteristics. This achievement has been praised as a "milestone in genetic pharmacology" research by international peers. In 2012, he led the team to develop the first "personalized drug gene diagnosis chip" with independent intellectual property rights and industrialization prospects in mainland China, which took a big step forward in promoting the clinical application of genetic pharmacology theory.
Zhou Honghao: Recently, we mentioned the development of the main line of individualized precision medicine. Relating it to our individualization (medical treatment), for example, the change of our physical and mental state is affected by a variety of factors, not only genes, not only drug metabolism, but also the environment, etc. We need to find it, summarize it together, and reflect a three-dimensional, multi-dimensional, and affected elements to further guide clinical medication in the future.
Stick to the three-foot podium and shoulder the mission of educating people
Those who are familiar with it know that when they see Zhou Honghao, they open their mouths to ask for advice, and there is always no time to be disappointed.
Zhou Honghao: I have been teaching until today, almost 50 years. The students were very willing to listen to my classes, and the students of the class of '77 still remember what I taught and what I wore back then, and the students liked me very much, and they called me a tempeh.
Reporter: Why do you say you're tempeh?
Zhou Honghao: That is, we have to season the stir-fry now, and as soon as we put the tempeh and cook it, it will have a flavor. It's like, I see myself as a rag, where I am needed, I am there. I feel very happy and happy to be able to do something for the development of the school and the hospital at such an age.
[Reporter's Notes]
I'm journalist Kong Ying. It is said that Mr. Zhou is versatile, and the interview was almost over that day, and under our coaxing, Mr. Zhou sang a few lines of "I Love You China". After singing a few words, he said embarrassedly, "Oh, you see, the chat made my voice hoarse, and I didn't play my professional level." When the interest came, he couldn't hold back, and the gentleman went back to pharmacological research from singing and reciting.
Wisdom and talent coexist, both spontaneous and tenacious, through decades of accumulation of three-foot podium and a laboratory, stick to the heart in the floating world. I think this kind of life is really "cool".
Producer丨Gao Yan
Planning丨Fan Xinzheng Xiao Yuan
Editor丨Xiao Yuan
Reporter丨Kong Ying
Broadcasting丨Wang Xian, Tang Ziwen
Audio Production丨Yang Chen
New Media丨Chen Yi, Zhang Zongpeng
Co-ordinator丨 Li Hang
Video director丨Zhang Liang
Camera丨He Xiwu Chen Jia
Video Editing Production丨Zhang Liang
Packaging design丨Cao Yixin
Acknowledgments丨Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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