#突发脑出血一般什么原因引起的?##头条创作挑战赛#脑出血, also known as intracerebral hemorrhage or cerebral hemorrhage, is a serious cerebrovascular disease that refers to the rupture of blood vessels within the brain tissue, causing blood to flow into the brain tissue, causing a series of neurological impairments. The occurrence of sudden intracerebral hemorrhage is often caught off guard, and its high mortality and disability rates make it a major threat to public health.
According to statistics, there are about 15 million strokes in the world every year, of which cerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 20%, while in the mainland, the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is higher, accounting for about 30% to 40% of the total number of strokes. This article will discuss the main causes of sudden intracerebral hemorrhage and help raise awareness of the disease to promote prevention and early intervention.
High blood pressure: the main culprit
High blood pressure is one of the most common causes of intracerebral hemorrhage. Long-term high blood pressure can cause structural changes in the walls of blood vessels in the brain, making them fragile and prone to rupture. When blood pressure rises suddenly, the fragile walls of blood vessels may not be able to withstand this pressure, causing rupture and bleeding in the brain. According to statistics, up to 60% to 70% of cases of intracerebral hemorrhage are related to hypertension.
According to the data of the China Cardiovascular Disease Report 2019, there are more than 245 million patients with hypertension in mainland China, and the number of cerebral hemorrhage cases caused by hypertension is also increasing every year. In particular, the prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly in middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old, and this group of people is also a high-risk group for cerebral hemorrhage.
Prevention and control measures
Controlling hypertension is an important means of preventing intracerebral hemorrhage. The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage can be reduced by regularly monitoring blood pressure, taking antihypertensive medications as prescribed, and making lifestyle changes (eg, reducing salt intake, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and increasing exercise).
Cerebrovascular malformations: a hidden ticking time bomb
Cerebrovascular malformation is a congenital disease, and the common ones include arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cerebral aneurysms and cavernous hemangiomas. These malformed blood vessels are prone to rupture and bleeding due to structural abnormalities. Cerebrovascular malformations are often asymptomatic and many patients are not detected until a cerebral hemorrhage occurs.
Studies have shown that about 2% to 5% of the population have cerebral aneurysms, and about 1% of these aneurysms rupture each year, leading to intracerebral hemorrhage. The annual bleeding rate for cerebral arteriovenous malformations is 2% to 4%, and the case fatality rate can be as high as 20% to 30% if bleeding occurs.
Prevention and control measures
For patients with cerebrovascular malformations, early detection and intervention are key. Imaging tests (eg, CT, MRI, angiography) can help with early diagnosis, and for high-risk patients with cerebrovascular malformations, surgery or interventional therapy can be used to prevent intracerebral hemorrhage.
Atherosclerosis: a progressive hidden danger
Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaque in the lining of the arteries due to lipid deposition, which stiffens the walls of blood vessels and narrows the lumen, thus affecting blood flow. This lesion not only leads to cardiovascular disease, but also increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. When plaque ruptures or causes the rupture of blood vessels at the site of hardening of the arteries, it can cause bleeding in the brain.
According to the American Heart Association, atherosclerosis is one of the important causes of stroke. Although atherosclerosis is more associated with ischemic stroke, it can also cause hemorrhagic stroke after its rupture. Studies have shown that about 10% of cases of intracerebral hemorrhage are related to atherosclerosis.
Prevention and control measures
Preventing atherosclerosis requires comprehensive lifestyle management, including controlling blood lipids, eating a healthy diet, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. In addition, for high-risk people, your doctor may recommend statins to lower cholesterol levels and thus prevent atherosclerosis and its complications.
Trauma: An unexpected disaster
Traumatic brain injury is another important cause of sudden intracerebral hemorrhage, especially in young people and more common in situations such as traffic accidents, falls, sports injuries, etc. When the head is hit violently, it can cause a blood vessel in the brain to rupture, causing a cerebral hemorrhage.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 50 million people are injured in road traffic accidents every year, and about 10% to 20% of these severe head injuries result in intracerebral hemorrhage. In addition, a higher proportion of cerebral hemorrhages due to falls occur in older people.
Prevention and control measures
Preventing the occurrence of traumatic brain injury requires a multi-faceted approach. Raising awareness of traffic safety, wearing helmets, using seat belts, and improving the home environment to prevent falls are all effective preventive measures. Especially for the elderly, installing safety facilities such as non-slip mats and handrails at home can greatly reduce the risk of falls.
Other factors
In addition to the above main causes, the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage may also be related to some other factors.
Blood disorders
Some blood diseases, such as hemophilia and leukemia, are prone to spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage due to abnormal blood clotting function.
Inflammatory Infection
Some brain inflammations and infections, such as encephalitis and meningitis, can also cause cerebral blood vessels to rupture, causing cerebral hemorrhage.
drugs
Long-term use of anticoagulant drugs (such as warfarin) or antiplatelet drugs (such as aspirin) also increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage is significantly increased, particularly when the dose is inadequately controlled or when other bleeding risk factors are comorbid.
conclusion
Sudden intracerebral hemorrhage is a serious cerebrovascular event, and its main causes include hypertension, cerebrovascular malformation, atherosclerosis, trauma, etc. Understanding these causes and taking effective prevention and intervention measures can greatly reduce the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage. Raising public awareness of intracerebral haemorrhage and its risk factors is key to improving the prevention and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.