Xie Lingyun (385-433), born in the Xie family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is the grandson of Xie Xuan. Because he inherited Xie Xuan's title of "Kang Le Gong", he was called Xie Kang Gong. Because he fostered a Taoist temple for more than ten years when he was a child, he was nicknamed "Ke'er" and was called "Xie Ke". Arrogant and mean by nature, he is uninhibited. He is the founder of the mainland landscape poetry school, and his achievements are very high, and no one in later generations can match him, and Li Bai is regarded as an idol. He has a good understanding of Buddhism, and has translated the Buddhist scripture "Diamond Sutra" and embellished the "Great Nirvana Sutra". The calligraphy achievement is also high, the mother is the granddaughter of Wang Xizhi, inherited the essence of Wang's calligraphy, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty Liu Yu called it "poetry and calligraphy". Xie Lingyun went through the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Liu Song Dynasty in his life, and once served as a scholar in Zhongshu, and was a teacher of Liu Yu's son, and later lost his participation in the struggle for power in the royal family, and was demoted to Yongjia Taishou, and then lived in seclusion in his hometown. In his later years, he was falsely accused of rebellion and abandoned the city for the crime of treason.
Author: Guo Yan
As soon as it disappears, Ann is famous in the air
Once at a family banquet, Xie Lingyun asked Xie Hui: "Pan An, Lu Ji and Jia Chong, do you think it is better or worse?" Xie Hui didn't think about it, and immediately replied: "Pan An flattered the powerful and finally died. Lu Ji could not restrain his competitive spirit, which led to the loss of his life. And Jia Chong is the meritorious service of the founding of the country, which cannot be the same. Xie Lingyun disagreed, and retorted: "Pan and Lu, at that time, Jia Chong was too far behind them. "The difference between the two can be seen. Xie Hui is accustomed to judging people by political talent, while Xie Lingyun is purely based on talent.
The reason why Xie Lingyun supports Liu Yizhen is because he has the highest talent among all the princes, and the two have the most similar interests. So even if Liu Yizhen was released, Xie Lingyun still regarded him as a confidant and often wrote to him to exchange updates.
After Xie Lingyun resigned from Yongjia Taishou, he returned to his hometown and lived in the Shining Villa left by Xie Xuan. Entertaining in the mountains and rivers every day, the people who come and go are high monks, hermits, and make poems in their spare time, read Buddha and Zen, and live a comfortable time.
Xie Lingyun knew that Liu Yizhen also liked to travel in the mountains and rivers and make friends with hermits, and he couldn't wait to share the beautiful scenery he saw and the wonderful people he encountered with him, and hoped that he could come and travel together. In his letter to Liu Yizhen, he wrote: "Your Highness loves Su and is ancient, and he is always like cloth. If you send a introduction, there is a coexistence, it can really be described as a thousand years of beauty. But Liu Yizhen, as the king, can't leave the fiefdom without permission, and Xie Lingyun wants to share this happiness, and finally thinks of a somewhat funny way, so that Liu Yizhen can send someone to see it with his own eyes, and he saw it with his own eyes.
Figure: Xie Lingyun Linchi Diagram |
Liu Yizhen was innocently murdered, and Xie Lingyun couldn't let go of it for a long time.
When he arrived in Jiankang at the call, Liu Yilong received him warmly and asked at the banquet: "What great work did Mr. have on his way to Kyoto?" Xie Lingyun replied: "Passing by the tomb of King Luling, there is a poem "Under the Tomb of King Luling". In fact, Xie Lingyun not only wrote this poem, but only mentioned this one. Whether in the poem or in front of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty Liu Yilong, he did not hide his grief and indignation at the death of Liu Yizhen.
The dawn moon sends clouds and yang, and the sunset is Zhu Fang.
With a sad Guangchuan, shed tears and looked at Liangang.
The words are gentlemanly, and the intestines are painful.
The Tao dissipates resentment, and Yun Kaishen is sad.
If the divine period is constant, the German voice will not be forgotten at the beginning.
Xie Yi is permanent, and Songbaisen has been done.
Yanzhou Xiexin promises, Chu Lao cherishes Lanfang.
Untie the sword, and the grave disciples hurt themselves.
If you are suspicious of people, you will interfere with each other.
Reason is affectionate and affectionate, and it must not be known.
Crisp and good is sad, and it is especially common in vain.
As soon as it disappears, Ann is famous in the air?
The cry has been sprinkled, and the sigh is not in order.
——Xie Lingyun "Under the Tomb of King Luling"
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Liu Yilong loves Xie Lingyun's talent, regards his poetry and calligraphy as two treasures, and also wants to use his fame to support his façade, so he is willing to accommodate one or two. I don't blame him for specifically mentioning Liu Yizhen. Emperor Wen of Song asked Xie Lingyun to preside over the compilation of the Book of Jin, but he didn't want to do this errand, so he only compiled a catalogue and handed over the errand, and there was no follow-up, and Emperor Wen of Song didn't say much. At that time, Xie Lingyun's talent was the second in Jiangzuo, and no one dared to call it the first. Emperor Wen of Song also wanted to use him to win the hearts of readers.
Xie Lingyun is also very confident in his talent, even arrogant, and there is no one else in his life except Cao Zhi. He said: "There is only one stone in the world, Cao Zijian has eight buckets, I have one bucket, since ancient times and the present, others share a bucket." "There is a bit of meanness in the arrogance.
The landscape poetry school founded by Xie Lingyun changed the difficult and difficult Xuanyan poetry style of the Wei and Jin dynasties, and was very popular. Especially when he was released to Yongjia, between the mountains and rivers, every time a poem went to Kyoto, up to the scholars, down to the people, all of them competed to copy.
Zhong Rong listed Xie Lingyun's poems as the top grade in "Poems", and later generations followed suit, and no one could reach it. Li Dudu of the Tang Dynasty regarded him as the originator of landscape poetry, and expressed his worship in his poems from time to time. As soon as Li Bai mentioned the pen, he was full of emotion when he thought of Xie Lingyun, and he was ashamed of himself.
Xie Lingyun believes in Buddhism, and once entrusted a famous monk Zhao to translate the "Diamond Sutra" and polish the "Great Nirvana Sutra". In addition to this, he has achievements in the fields of history, writing, geography, etc. Xie Lingyun wrote one volume of "Records of Famous Mountains" and "Chronicles of Famous Mountains", which are important documents in the field of geography.
Xie Lingyun no longer had any intention of pursuing a career, and his behavior became more and more perverse. Because they couldn't get used to seeing Wang Hua, Wang Tanshou and Yin Jingren, who were under him, were reused, and they were often above the court, embarrassing them in public. Seeing that Emperor Wen of Song accommodated himself, he simply called himself ill and hid in the mansion to cross the pond and make forests. It's not too enjoyable, and it goes straight to the suburbs. I went for ten days and a half months, and I didn't even say hello.
After a long time, Emperor Song Wen didn't want to be bored anymore, and hinted that he could return to his hometown.
Xie Lingyun pushed the boat along the water, immediately complained of illness, and returned to Shining to live in seclusion. Determined not to go out again, from then on only wearing plain clothes, dedicated to seeking the Tao and cultivating immortals. and his younger self, judging like two people.
Figure: Xie Lingyun Lushan Lotus Viewing Map|Image source network
Until this time, he understood the true meaning of Xie Zhan's dying words, and laughed and said: "Jiatao Zhu's drum is a language to avoid worry. The judgment is distinguishable, and the power and glory are not left. If the road to the dog is widowed, listen to the crane Tu why it is good. ”
After Fan Li assisted Gou Jian to destroy the Wu State, he knew that Gou Jian was unkind, and persuaded Wen to retire together, but Wen Chong did not listen, and was finally killed by Gou Jian. Before Li Si was executed, he missed the time when he was poor and chased the cunning rabbit with his son hunting dogs, and when Lu Ji was executed, he regretted that he could no longer hear the crane chirping in his hometown Huating. All this has nothing to do with glory and wealth.
In the second half of his life, Xie Lingyun finally saw through honor and disgrace. A high-ranking scholar like them, who are eagle dogs in troubled times, will only end up like Li Si and Lu Ji in the end, and Xie Hui is a living example.
When he let go of his obsession, he leisurely wandered among the mountains and rivers with his cousin Xie Huilian.
For Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian is a confidant who can make him reopen his heart after Liu Yizhen.
The rock ravine is full of ears and eyes, and loves sound insulation.
Never appreciate the desire, and never be the same.
At the end of the road, he is on duty, and he is open-minded.
——Excerpt from Xie Lingyun's "Reward for Brother Huilian".
Picture: Xie Huilian (407~433 AD), a writer of the Southern Song Dynasty. A native of Yangxia, Chen County (now Taikang, Henan Province), he is one of Xie Lingyun's "Four Friends". Xie Huilian's "Snow Fu" and Xie Zhuang's "Moon Fu" are representative works of the lyrical poetry of the Six Dynasties, showing a pure and beautiful picture. The Book of Sui and the Book of Classics contain 6 volumes of Xie Hui Lianji, and Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty has Xie Facao Ji, which is included in the Collection of One Hundred and Three Families of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties. |
Xie Huilian was ten years old and could write, but he was infatuated and took pleasure in writing love letters. His father Xie Fangming disliked him as a frivolous person and often belittled him in front of Xie Lingyun. However, Xie Lingyun regarded him as a confidant, and after his father was killed, he took him back to Shiningshu to live together.
According to the record of "Xie's Family Record": "Kang Le (Xie Lingyun) has good words for each pair of Hui. Taste in Yongjia West Hall, Si Shi is not enough, and suddenly see Huilian between sleep, that is, it becomes 'pond spring grass'. Therefore, Chang Yun: 'This language has divine help, not my language.' Xie Lingyun only dreamed of him, and he could get wonderful verses.
Spring grass grows in the pond, and willows in the garden become songbirds.
Qi Qi sang sadly, and Meng Meng felt Chu Yin.
Suo Ju is permanent, and it is difficult to be isolated.
Holding the exercise is not only ancient, but there is no stuffiness in the present.
——Excerpt from Xie Lingyun's "Ascending the Pond and Going Upstairs".
Having Xie Huilian as a companion is a great pleasure after Xie Lingyun's seclusion. But such days did not last long, and soon Xie Huilian was forced to go out.
Figure: Xie Lingyun's poetry intention|Image source network
When Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty Liu Yilong was seriously ill, he was worried about the loss of imperial power, so he asked his younger brother Liu Yikang to take charge of the government. But he was not completely relieved, so he had to find someone to spy on Liu Yikang. At this time, Yin Jingren, who had been ridiculed by Xie Lingyun in public, recommended Xie Huilian to Emperor Wen of Song. Originally, Xie Huilian had a habit of breaking sleeves, and wrote more than a dozen love poems to the little official Du Deling during the mourning, but it was exposed, and there was no possibility of entering the office. But at this time, Yin Jingren stood up and proved that they were all rumors. Xie Huilian was therefore placed in Liu Yikang's shogunate and served as Facao to join the army. This is undoubtedly putting him on the fire to roast, and the slightest carelessness will cause him to worry about his life. It is not so much that Yin Jingren recommended Xie Huilian, it is better to say that he is deliberately aspiring to Xie Lingyun.
For Xie Huilian's departure, Xie Lingyun was saddened, and there was a premonition that this sutra would be forever tricked.
秋泉鸣北涧,哀猿响南峦。
Qi Qixin's heart, sad and long!
……
High into the clouds, the return period can be found.
Fu Yu Fuqiu Gong, the eldest son Huiyin.
——Xie Lingyun's excerpt from "Ascending to the Sea and the Poetry of the Republic of Yang He from Brother Huilian".
Rise and fall with the clouds, drifting from the wind
In 431 A.D., Huiji Taishou Meng Yi suddenly handed a memo to Emperor Wen of Song, secretly accusing Xie Lingyun of rebellion.
Hearing this news, Xie Lingyun suddenly remembered a strange dream not long ago, in which Xie Hui, who had died, walked to his bedside with his head raised, blood flowing all over the ground. Xie Lingyun felt ominous, so he took the first step and rushed to Jiankang non-stop. Meng Yi was also prepared, and set up cards to intercept along the way, and Xie Ling took a lot of effort to meet Emperor Wen of Song and try his best to defend himself.
"The husband has slandered since ancient times, and the sages are inevitable, but the slander must be interesting. …… The present shadow is gratuitous, the false slander is empty, the cruelty of the end of the past, and there is no eventuality. It is really sad to be stingy. Sincerity and introspection are not guilty, but hold Mo Shen. It is to drag the disease, and the bundle of the remains is returned. Relying on His Majesty's Tianjian Qu Lin, the day of death is still the year of life. The ministers are terrified, the disease is launched, the corpse is in a trance, and I don't know what to say. ”
- "Song Book: The Biography of Xie Lingyun"
Figure: Bust of Xie Lingyun|Image source network
In fact, Xie Lingyun had neither the courage nor the ability to rebel. It's just that there is a festival with Meng Yi.
During Xie Lingyun's stay, he especially likes to renovate gardens. At every turn, he brought hundreds of child servants, made a huge noise, built a large number of buildings, and even wanted to fill in the lake and make fields. Stopped by the Huiji County Shou Mengyi.
Xie Lingyun was originally mean, and Meng Yi was a violent temper, quarreling when he disagreed. Xie Lingyun knew that he also believed in Buddhism, but he lacked understanding, so he made fun of him bitterly: "If you want to attain the Tao, you must have a wisdom root." Well, you naturally died earlier than me, but you must have become a Buddha later than me. Meng Yi was indignant.
Again, Xie Lingyun and his friends were drinking in the wild, and they were naked and shouting at the end of the fun, and they couldn't support it. As a county guard, Meng Yi felt that it was against etiquette after hearing about this, and sent people to dissuade him. Xie Lingyun scolded directly: "I am arrogant, why don't you care about idiots!" "Directly retreat the people sent by Meng Yi, carnival as before, and don't take the county guard in his eyes at all.
Meng Yi could no longer tolerate it, and sued Xie Lingyun for abusing the people and rebelling with his protégés.
Emperor Wen of Song naturally believed that Xie Lingyun would not rebel. It's just that he didn't let Xie Lingyun go back to his hometown, but ordered him to take up his post in Linchuan, Jiangxi, and added an extra 2,000 stone of food.
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Xie Ling arrived in Linchuan, still going his own way, and he didn't know that he had any restraints.
The son of Sima Xie, a son of the former Jin family, came to take refuge, and Xie Lingyun directly took people to live with him at home, and served him as a guest. Not only does he not shy away from it, but he also mentions it whenever he meets people.
Liu Yikang, the king of Pengcheng, who was in charge of the government, heard the news and sent people to arrest Xie Lingyun. Xie Lingyun not only resisted, but also detained the people sent by Liu Yikang, and wrote a poem in anger: "Han died and Fang Fen, Qin Emperor Lu was ashamed." Originally from Jianghai people, loyal and righteous gentleman. "The meaning couldn't be clearer. He turned out to be a Jin minister, and he should also be loyal to the old lord like Zhang Liang and Lu Zhonglian. To put it simply, he is ashamed to be Song Chen, and the Liu family usurped the country of the Sima family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is shameless.
Although it was only a momentary anger, it is indeed not an exaggeration to say that he wrote anti-poetry. Liu Yikang escorted Xie Lingyun back to Kyoto on charges of rebellion. Emperor Wen of Song still intended to defend it, and it would be good to dismiss the official, but Liu Yikang did not forgive and insisted on asking for the guilt. Emperor Wen of Song had no choice but to issue an edict saying: "Lingyun is guilty, but Xie Xuan has made outstanding achievements, extended his heirs, exempted him from capital crimes, and exiled him to Nanhai (now Guangzhou)." ”
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Liu Yikang had to put Xie Lingyun to death because he and Xie Lingyun also had a grudge.
Originally, Liu Yikang married Xie Hui's eldest daughter as a concubine, and the two families were originally in-laws. But when Xie was killed, his daughter also died. Liu Yikang married Meng Yi's daughter again. Meng Yi and Xie Lingyun had a holiday, and Liu Yikang couldn't help but show his attitude.
At the beginning, Xie Lingyun and Xie Hui both strongly denounced Wang Hong. When Emperor Wen of Song was seriously ill, it was Wang Hong's strong recommendation, and Liu Yikang was able to take charge of the government and monopolize power. Naturally, he stood on the same front as Wang Hong.
In addition, Liu Yikang has always regarded Xie Lingyun as Liu Yizhen's old party, and he has long wanted to get rid of him.
Just as Xie Ling was in exile in Guangzhou, the government caught a group of robbers. The robbers confessed that Xie Lingyun paid them to ambush them in the middle of the road to save them. But things didn't work out, and on the way home, there was no food, so I had to rob along the way to make a living.
It is difficult to distinguish the truth of the matter, and Liu Yikang made a big fuss about this matter. In the face of fait accompli, Emperor Wen of Song was helpless. In 433 AD, Xie Lingyun was abandoned at the age of 48.
Figure: Bust of Xie Lingyun|Image source network
Before he died, Xie Lingyun deliberately cut off his beautiful hair and offered it to the Vimala statue in the Gihuan Temple in Nanhai as a beard, which was the last alms of a Buddhist. Before his execution, Xie Lingyun wrote the last poem of his life.
Gong Sheng has no rest of life, and Li Ye is endless.
Ji's axiom was urgent, and Huo's life was also dead.
Bleak frost cypress, Nana rush fungus.
When did the encounter occur, it was not a shame to trim the short.
Hate my gentleman's ambition, and don't get the rock.
Before sending the heart to enlightenment, the pain has been endured for a long time.
I only wish to take advantage of the next life, resentment and reluctance.
——Xie Lingyun "Deathbed Poem"
It seems that he has looked down on the world and life and death, and only wants to take refuge in Buddhism, but in fact he has endless regrets. It's just that he is helpless in the face of fate.
In the same year that Xie Lingyun was killed, Xie Huilian also died strangely in Liu Yikang's shogunate, only twenty-seven years old.
Figure: Xie Lingyun's poetry intention|Image source network