Qingyan, named after the nearby cyan rock peaks, was an important military town in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is one of the four ancient towns in Guizhou (Qingyan in Huaxi District, Guiyang, Yuanyuan in Qiandongnan Town, Bing'an in Chishui City, and Longli in Jinping County), a national 5A-level tourist attraction, and a microcosm of Guiyang's history, ranking among the four ancient towns with rich cultural heritage.
Qingyan is located in the south of Huaxi District, Guiyang City. There are more than 100 historical relics such as nine temples, eight temples, five pavilions, two ancestral halls, one palace, two halls, one courtyard, one floor, and one mansion. It was first built in the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1377), which was originally a military fort, and has a history of more than 600 years. This is the hometown of Zhao Yijiong, the champion of Guizhou, and Ping Gang, the pioneer of the Xinhai Revolution in Guizhou. Historically, many battles have taken place here.
In the early morning after the rain in early summer, I came to Qingyan Ancient Town with the cool light summer morning breeze and the thin mist like veil, stepping on the beautiful expectations of the day.
A stroll through the ancient town in the early morning after the rain in search of rare tranquility. In front of the green water and green mountains, the mountains and rivers are blended, look at the tour guide map of the ancient town, there are more than 40 scenic spots such as the East Gate City Wall, the Ancient City Wall, the Zhuangyuan Mansion, the Waiting Pavilion, the Longquan Temple, the North City Gate, the Dingguang Gate, the Stone Archway, the South City Wall Wangfeng Pavilion, the Ancient Tea Horse Road, the Filial Piety Workshop of the Zhou Royal Family's Filial Piety Daughter-in-law Liu's Festival, Dingguang Lake, Longjing, etc.; Walk through characteristic villages, experience traditional ethnic costumes, trace intangible cultural heritage, taste local hot and sour food, and enjoy natural landscapes...... The fireworks and poetry in the world complement each other.
Guizhou not only has magnificent landscapes, but also rich and diverse ethnic culture. 17 ethnic minorities, including Miao, Dong, Buyi, Yi, Gelao and Shui, live here. For thousands of years, the people of all ethnic groups in Guizhou have lived in peace with the mountains and flowed together with the water, and jointly created a colorful mountain civilization.
Qingyan Ancient Town has been expanded many times, touching the wall of the earthen city wall to change to a stone wall, and walking in the streets and alleys paved with stone; Looking up at the blue sky, it is clear, blue and transparent. Imagine the surrounding city walls and four city gates in the east, west, south and north built on the cliff, forming four main streets and 26 alleys. At this time, the birds glide over the sky one by one, sometimes shuttling between the treetops, with the blue sky and white clouds as their companions, where do they come from? Where are you going? I don't know, I can't help but understand the true meaning of life, the ancient town shows me the long rings of wind and frost. Touching the rough century-old stone wall, pondering that it has staggered and replaced again and again with the annual rings of life, the cultural inheritance of the ancient town has never stopped.
The whole Qingyan ancient town is almost made of stone, stone slab houses, stone walls, stone workshops, stone streets and stone alleys, so it is also called "stone city". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Tunpu was established, which was used as a military fortress because of its special geographical location. In the ancient town, the ancient buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties with exquisite design and exquisite craftsmanship are staggered and densely packed, and the temples and pavilions are painted with carved beams, and the flying corners are intertwined. The buildings of the ancient town are located on the mountain, the layout is reasonable, the stone carving and wood carving craftsmanship are exquisite, and there are many myths and legends and strong local characteristics, which are breathtaking. It is known as one of the most charming towns in China.
Walking, although there is no bright and dazzling sunshine to accompany you, there are birdsong, mist, thousand-year-old trees together, come to Qingyan Ancient Town Academy, a long history, humanities, rich cultural atmosphere!
The existing Qingyan Academy is the yamen of the Ban Tusi in the past. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Ban's Tusi forcibly occupied Wenchang Pavilion, and was jointly appealed by the local Li, Zhao, Zhang and other families, and finally Ban's was forced to move out of Wenchang Pavilion, and also gave up Ban's Tusi Yamen. As a result, the family of Qingyan changed the Ban's Tusi Yamen into a academy, and cultivated a large number of talents for Qingyan Ancient Town and Guiyang.
Among Qingyan's family, the Zhao family is the most conspicuous. The Zhao family is a scholarly family and attaches great importance to culture. Its family in Qingyan ancient town emerged a lot of cultural celebrities, the whole Qing Dynasty, Qingyan Zhao family has 11 people, Jinshi and the 5th person, 1 champion, Gongsheng, Wusheng, Lisheng, Bagong, Youzengsheng, national students, Mosheng and so on more than 30 people, can be described as the home of the top show of the branch.
In 1855, Shi Dakai led the Taiping army of the Western Expedition to invade Guiyang and began to attack Qingyan. However, Qingyan City was very strong, and Zhao Yijiong's father, Zhao Guoshu, led the Qingyan soldiers and civilians to repel Shi Dakai's six attacks. In the end, Shi Dakai gave up Qingyan and went to Anshun. Because of Zhao Guoshu's meritorious service to local defense, the Qing court promoted him to the prime minister of Qingyan Town's regiment affairs and the rank of procurator.
Walking to the depths of the ancient town, there are stone houses, fences, counters, and courtyards. The layout of the town follows the pattern of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the well-preserved court gates, waist doors, tile roofs, heavy eaves hanging mountains, and flower and wood doors reflect the architectural style of the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are more than 9,000 remaining standing trees of Qingyan fir in the Qingyan Fir Conservation Area.
The pavement of the street in Qingyan Ancient Town is mostly a wooden structure or a brick and wood structure of the hut, the roof is covered with green tiles, and there are signboards and banners hanging in front of the door.
The courtyard of the big family in Qingyan Ancient Town is not very spacious, it is generally a triple courtyard, with a small court, a stone courtyard dam, a flower bed, a stone bench, a small window, simple, quiet and a book fragrance. The alleys are inhabited by ordinary people's houses, the walls on both sides of the alley are mostly piled up with rubble or built with soil, the walls are covered with green grass, moss, occasionally stretch out a few flowers and fruits, tranquil and have mountain game, it seems that the age is quite old.
Elephant trunk wood carving is very common in Qingyan ancient town dwellings. Most of them are used for the eaves in front of the house, and the eaves need to be load-bearing, and it is undoubtedly the embodiment of strength to carve it into the shape of an elephant trunk. The wooden pillars of Qingyan dwellings have round, square, and square trowels. Round and square are called cylindrical and square columns, while square trowels are called "sesame columns" because their column shape resembles sesame stalks. In addition to the beauty of the lines, the "sesame pillar" also reflects people's good wishes of "more children and more blessings" and "rising step by step".
Qingyan dwellings, more than the waist door is built, and its door bucket and handle are quite knowledgeable. Many people's door-to-door buckets are deliberately carved into the shape of a peach, a ruyi, or a tiger's head or a cow's horn. Some handles are made into gourd-shaped, pomegranate-shaped, auspicious cloud-shaped, and wish-like shapes. Commonly known as the "door hammer" of the door hairpin, or carved Qiangua, Kun hexagram, or carved peony, sunflower. The gate lintel, carved with patterns such as peaches, pomegranates, auspicious clouds, ruyi or dragons and phoenixes, is known as the "door dragon".
Stop and chat with the residents of the ancient town about folk customs, the dragon dance and lantern dancing in the first month of each year, the Miao dance from the ninth to the twentieth day of the first month, the dragon lantern activity on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, and the "tour of a hundred diseases" on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the scene is very lively. In addition, there are also "Kong Ming lanterns", "water rats", and "Baoding......
The ancient city of Qingyan is majestic, the stone street is long, the ancient temple is magnificent, the stone tablet workshop is exquisite, the ancient houses are scattered, and the ancient oil fir towers to the sky...... Everywhere exudes a long-lasting and simple charm.
In modern times, Qingyan Ancient Town has become the hometown of many celebrities. During the Republic of China, the first celebrity in Qingyan Ancient Town was Pinggang. Ping Gang (1878-1951), whose name is Shaohuang, was born in Crooked Foot Village, Qingyan Town. He went to Japan in 1905 to study law, and later joined the League, known as "the first person to cut braids in Guizhou". After the Wuchang Uprising, he served as a privy councillor of the Privy Council, secretary general of the House of Representatives, secretary of the Generalissimo's Office, etc., and drafted the "Charter" of the Han Military Government for a period of three months. When he was old, he resigned from his official position, lived in Guiyang, and wrote the book "Guizhou Revolutionary Martyrs' Strategy", which is a valuable historical material for studying the Xinhai Revolution in Guizhou.
After the outbreak of the all-out Anti-Japanese War, Guizhou became a large rear, and many enterprises and schools moved here. Zhejiang University, Guiyang Women's Normal School, Women's Normal High School, Rural Normal School, etc. have migrated to Qingyan, among which the classrooms, libraries, and offices of Zhejiang University are located in Longquan Temple, and students living in Ciyun Temple have moved west to Longquan Temple. Qingyan Ancient Town has made a great contribution to the stability of education in China's rear. At that time, the Guiyang Traffic Station of the Eighth Route Army set up a resettlement site in Qingyan and relocated the families of revolutionary cadres to Qingyan, including Zhou Enlai's father Zhou Maochen, Deng Yingchao's mother, and the families of Li Kenong and Bogu.
The mist that gradually rises in the evening, like clouds and yarn, puts a layer of silver-white veil on the stone houses, stone walls, stone squares, stone streets and stone alleys, flowers and trees, mountains and streams of the ancient town. At the beginning of the lanterns, it is bright and charming, and tourists stroll and pose for photos among the stone houses, stone walls, stone workshops, stone streets and stone alleys.
Qingyan Ancient Town not only has a rich history and culture, but also one of the areas with the highest concentration of cuisine in Guiyang. There are Qingyan braised pig's feet, Qingyan rose sugar, cake porridge, sugar painting, tofu balls, Qingyan chicken spicy corners, rice tofu, etc., among which Qingyan braised pig's feet are the most famous. Many tourists come to Qingyan Ancient Town to taste the food here. But if you come just for the food, it will seem monotonous. Only by understanding the history and humanities of Qingyan can we discover the charm of Qingyan Ancient Town.
Walking in the depths of the alleys, the bustling ancient town is shallow in spring and summer, the time is gentle, and the distant mountains are like daisies. Time is on the letterhead of Qingyan Ancient Town, the green shade is bright and full of branches, overflowing the stone slab houses, stone walls, stone squares, stone streets and alleys and courtyards. The fog gradually thickened, the vision gradually blurred, and everything became looming, as if there was nothing. Under the Qingyan oil fir tree, the years are like a dream, the ancient town is drunk with me, the fate is like the first time I saw, sit with you in the spring and autumn, and follow you to the end of the world. Make an appointment to appreciate the past, invite the time to sit, give yourself a joy, return the years to a brightness, and see the sorrows and joys of the ancient town for a hundred years in one day.
Text/Qin Hui
Editor/Chen Jiangnan
Second Instance/Yao Man
Third trial/Huang Wei, Chen Xi