In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", when Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang where he was, Zhuge Jun said: "Yesterday we made an appointment for Cui Zhouping and went out for a leisurely trip." Xuande said: "Where to wander?" They all said: "Or take a boat to swim in the rivers and lakes, or visit the monks on the mountains, or find friends between the villages, or play the piano and chess in the caves: the back and forth are unpredictable, and I don't know where to go." ”
Ordinary people are influenced by "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and their impression of Cui Zhouping is that he has been friends with Zhuge Liang and others for a long time, and he is called the four friends or four sons together with Xu Shu (Ziyuan Zhi), Meng Jian (Zi Gongwei), and Shi Tao (Zi Guangyuan), and they have been dating for at least ten years.
But "Wei Luo" said: "Liang was in Jingzhou, and at the beginning of Jian'an, he traveled with Yingchuan Shi Guangyuan, Xu Yuanzhi, Runan Meng Gongwei, etc., and the three of them were proficient, and Liang looked at his strategy. Every morning and night, he is calm, often hugging his knees and howling, and the three of them say: The three of them can go to the assassin to guard the county. ”
It can be seen that Cui Zhouping is the only one missing here. If Cui is placed in "wait", "three" will not be deliberately indicated.
Including the introduction of these friends in the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", "Tao Shili County Shou, Diannong School Captain, Fu (Xu Shu's original name Xu Fu) to the right Zhonglang General, Yushi Zhongcheng." "Runan Meng Jian is the assassin of Liangzhou, with a name for governance, and the official is the general of Zhengdong." also happened to not mention Cui Zhouping's situation as an official.
In the romance, Cui Zhouping said: "Foolishness is quite happy and idle, and he has no intention of becoming famous for a long time." Luo Guanzhong may have noticed that Cui Zhouping was not out of office, and the compilation was very reasonable.
But Luo Guanzhong didn't make it up, that is, he turned the three people in "Wei Luo" into four people, and said that Zhuge Liang pointed to the four people and said: "The public can go to the assassin history and the county guard." ”
Yu Feng, the author of "Wei Luo", may know that Zhuge Liang has more than four friends, but in order to show that Kong Ming "sees people accurately", he deliberately singled out these three friends who later became the county guards of the assassin history and predicted them separately. And Luo Guanzhong didn't understand his intentions, and his kindness and Cui Zhouping messed up the formation.
But is there a possibility that Cui Zhouping did not study with Zhuge Liang at the beginning of Jian'an?
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhuge Liang" "Every time I compare myself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, no one is willing to do it. However, Boling Cui Zhouping, Yingchuan Xu Shu Yuanzhi and Liang are friendly, which is called Xinran. But Chen Shou did not specify the time.
I often mention that Zhuge Liang had two separate study tours in Jingzhou, both of which are from "Wei Luo", the first of which is "Chuping Zhong (190-193), Zhongzhou soldiers, (Xu Shu) is with (Shi) Taonan Kejingzhou, and he is good with Zhuge Liang. Then in "Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Dong He", Zhuge Liang said that "in the past, the state was peaceful, and the gains and losses were repeatedly heard, and then the Yuan was straight."
The Zhongzhou army, Yingchuan was slaughtered by Li Dao in 191, and there were also people like Xun Yu who left in advance, so Xu Shu and Shi Tao are estimated to have arrived in Jingzhou between 190-191, and Zhuge Liang and Cui Zhouping have arrived first, and it can be basically determined that it is 190 years.
Since Liu Biao had just arrived in Yicheng at the end of 190, no one would defect to him, so we previously thought that Zhuge Liang and others were studying in Nanyang County, north of Jingzhou, including also arguing that Sima Hui taught children (Liu Hui) in Nanyang in 189.
According to the general impression, some people think that Zhuge Liang is only ten years old and it is unlikely that he will make so many friends, and he will not be recognized as a "talent for wind music", but this kind of thing was not uncommon in ancient times.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Lu Ji" Lu Ji was six years old with oranges, and Yuan Shu praised him as "Lu Lang is young and knows filial piety, and he will become a talent." ”
"Later Han Dynasty" said that Guo Tai "was promoted in the unknown, if Chen Yuanlong", and Chen Deng was only six years old when Guo Tai died.
"Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Sun Ben" Sun Ben's son Sun Lin, who received Yuzhang Taishou at the age of nine. (In comparison, Cao Pi's self-reported escape on horseback in Wancheng at the age of ten is nothing.) ）
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Kong Rong" Kong Rong saw Li Ying at the age of ten and responded well, and was called "Gao Ming must be a great weapon." ”
"Jiangbiao Biography": Jian is Zhu Jun's watch, for Zuojun, and stays at home for longevity. He is more than ten years old, and he has made friends and has a well-known reputation. There is Zhou Yu, who is the same year as Ce, and Yiyingda is dreaming of success, hearing the sound of Ce, and making it from Shu. Then he pushed the knot and divided it, and the righteousness was the same as breaking the gold. (Sun Jian is Zhu Junzuojun's Sima, who was born in 184 during the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and Sun Ce and Zhou Yu, who were born in 175, were just ten years old at this time)
"Book of Wu" Tao Qian was fourteen years old and rode a bamboo horse to play with a group of children, Gan Gong married his daughter to him as soon as he saw it, saying, "He has a strange appearance, and he will grow up." Cao Cao even wants to marry his daughter to thirteen-year-old Zhou Budo and so on, and Cao Chong is even more of a genius.
Compared with the above people, when Zhuge Liang was ten years old and had a level relationship with Cui Zhou, he "heard about gains and losses repeatedly", and the relationship between teacher and friend was normal. With such a young brother, he calls himself Guan Le, so why not encourage him with a smile.
In 190 or earlier, Zhuge Liang and Cui Zhouping studied in Nanyang, which was relatively peaceful, and in 193, Zhuge Liang followed his uncle and Yuan Shu to "travel all over the country", and only in 197 did he join Liu Biao. In the past few years, is Cui Zhouping still in Jingzhou? Do you also vote for Liu Biao in Xiangyang?
Seeing this, Xiangyang's friends may finally be unable to help it: "Are you blind, are you blind?" Didn't you see Xi chisel his teeth and say, 'Look at Tanxi, read Cui Xu's friend (friend)'? Haven't you seen "Water Jing Note" 'Xizhiyang has the former residence of Xu Yuanzhi and Cui Zhouping'? ”
And Nanyang's friends estimated that their eyes lit up: "If it can be proved that Cui Zhouping has never been to Xiangyang, wouldn't it be a performance to prove that the two great enemies of Xi Chisel and Li Daoyuan faked at the same time?" ”
I don't take a position, but I've always had a curiosity about historical sources.
Then we need to dissect the background.
Pei Note quoted "Cui's Genealogy": "Zhou Ping, Taiwei Liezi, Jun's younger brother." It is generally believed that the "all" here refers to Cui Jun, the character Yuanping.
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Cui Chu": "(Cui Lie) has a heavy name in Beizhou, and has served as a county guard and Jiuqing. "(Cui Jun) is the Taishou of the West River. At the beginning of the emperor's dedication, Jun Yu Yuan Shaoju raised troops in Shandong, and Dong Zhuo thought that he was imprisoned, imprisoned, and locked with iron locks. Zhuo Jizhu, the captain of the Bairet City Gate. and Li Dao entered Chang'an and was killed by the rebels. ”
Liang Zuo's "Wei Guotong": "Cui Zhouping, the grandson of Han Taiwei Lie, brother Yuanping, is a speaker and is known as a loyal and straightforward person." Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Lie was harmed by Zhuo, and Yuan usually thought of revenge and would die of illness. ”
What does the above material say, that is, Cui Zhouping's brother Cui Jun and Yuan Shao fought against Dong together, and even affected the father Cui Lie in the court, one theory is that Dong Zhuo killed Cui Lie, and the other is that when Li Dao entered Chang'an, Cui Lie was killed by the rebels. Cui Jun wanted to avenge his father, but he died.
Cui Yuanping wants to take revenge, doesn't Cui Zhouping want to? Therefore, it stands to reason that during the early peace period, Cui Zhouping should go to his brother, otherwise he would not be filial, and it would not be in line with the style of revenge in the late Han Dynasty. After the death of his brother, Cui Zhouping's ending was not optimistic, which may be the truth of his disappearance in the history books.
Let's see who gave Liu Biao's official. In the first year of Chuping (190), "the edict is the history of Jingzhou." "At this time, it was Dong Zhuo who was in charge. In the third year of Chuping (192), "Li Dao and Guo Yan entered Chang'an, and wanted to be helped, but they were the generals of Zhennan and the pastor of Jingzhou. Liu Biao gladly accepted.
Whether Dong Zhuo or Li Dao, they are all Cui Zhouping's enemies, will Cui Zhouping defect to Liu Biao?
Liu Biao was not a staunch Dong faction, but he never formally opposed Dong (Libing Xiangyang, to observe the changes of the times), and tried to get along with Yuan Shu and Sun Jian, but to no avail. Dong Zhuo once thought that Liu Biao had betrayed him, but Sun Jian in turn crusaded against Liu Biao, and Liu Biao counterattacked Yuan Shu, which was equivalent to helping the Xiliang Group. That's why "Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Mao Jue" said that Liu Biao's decree was unknown, and Mao Biao would rather vote for Yuan Shu than for Liu Biao (192 years ago).
Including Runan Meng Gongwei, should he also vote for fellow villager Yuan Shu at the beginning?
Speaking of Meng Gongwei and Shi Guangyuan, they are the same as Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping, but no one has mentioned that Meng and Shi have a house in Xiangyang, and it is estimated that they live in Deng County or Xinye, which can also be in line with Meng Gongwei's statement that he will return to the north in the future.
Liu Biao spent a lot of time in order to stabilize Jingzhou, and we have previously argued that the Jingzhou official school was opened after the Pingzhang Xian Rebellion, and it may be as late as 202. Prior to this, the originally small Xiangyang City was not suitable for study tours.
Among several of Zhuge Liang's friends, I only see Xu Shu at present who really intersect with Pang Degong and Sima Hui (Yuju) in Xiangyang, and Xu Shu still appears in Xinye. Is it possible that 207 years ago, Xu Shu also lived in Xinye? (Liang carries the Yuan Zhibei will not be considered first)
Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Chronicle": There is Xu Yuan's direct house in the southwest of Xiangyang City.
"Water Jing Note" :(Tan) Xizhiyang has the former residence of Xu Yuanzhi and Cui Zhouping.
Li Daoyuan, "Notes on the Book of Water" :(Pengcheng), Xuzhou Zhi. In the city, there are several monuments such as Han Situ Yuan An, Wei Zhonglang will Xu Shu, etc., and they are planted on the right side of the street, and Xian was Chu Xiangye.
Meng Haoran's "He Yu Judge Dengwanshan Pavilion Gave Han Gong, the Governor of Hongfu": The old man is not accepted, and Cui Xu has nowhere to be found.
"Looking for Mei Taoist": Cui Xu is immortal, and he has been clear for thousands of years.
Yuan Zhi "Reward Lotte to Jiangzhou Road to See Mail": Xiangyang Embankment ...... March Xu Tingshu.
Jin Dynasty "Zhuang Jing Collection": Xu Shu's house is in the sun of Tanxi.
In the Ming Dynasty, "Famous Mountains and Scenic Records" :(Tan) Xizhiyang has the former residence of Xu Yuanzhi and Cui Zhouping.
"Famous Places of Interest": Xu Shu house, the place name licorice chong, now Qing Xuhua is its former site.
Qianlong's "Henan Tongzhi": Xu Shu's tomb, in (Nanyang) seven miles southwest of the city of Wollonggang.
"The Unification of the Qing Dynasty": The tomb of Xu Shu's mother, seventy-five miles northeast of (Xu) Zhou City, there is a temple.
Tongzhi "Nanzhang County Chronicles": There is a single family village outside the small east gate of Nanzhang, which is said to be a single blessing hermitage, and the first year of Jiaqing is rich and honest to advocate the repair of the single ancestral hall...... Re-erect the monument of the hometown of Xu Shu of the Han Dynasty.
There are indeed a lot of historical materials of Xu Shu and Cui Zhou's flat house in Xiangyang, from Xi Chisel's "Secretary with Huan", "Jingzhou Chronicle" to "Water Jing Note", which seems to be directly inherited.
But it is worth noting that "Jingzhou Ji" only said that Xu Yuanzhi was in the house, did he think Cui Zhouping was not worth a book? Is there a possibility that the "Cui Xu Friendship" incident mentioned by Xi Chiaoya was Cui Zhouping's visit to Xu Shu from afar, rather than that the two were neighbors? If you understand it this way, the first person to think that Cuizhou Pingzhai is also in Tanxi is Li Daoyuan. And we said that Li did not have the opportunity to go to Xiangyang, an enemy-occupied area, to investigate, and in the case that "Jingzhou Ji" is not recorded, Li may be out of a kind of brain supplement.
Pei Du's "Wuhou Ancestral Hall Inscription" provides another possibility: "Guzhou Pingxin and Yuan Zhishenjiao".
In the two study tour records of "Wei Luo", Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping do not directly intersect, and they are completely connected through time and space through Zhuge Liang's two sentences of "first handover" and "second handover".
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" "But Boling Cui Zhouping, Yingchuan Xu Shu Yuanzhi and Liang are friendly, which is said to be Xinran. It means that both of them agree with Zhuge Liang, and "the hero sees the same thing" is also a kind of "divine friendship", but it really didn't say that the three were together at the same time, and it didn't say that the two commented on Zhuge Liang in unison.
Li Bai's "Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Biography and Presenting Chang'an Cui Shaofu Shufeng Kunji" Who saw Xu first, but there was Cui Zhouping.
Combined with various situations, it is summarized as follows:
In 190, Cui Zhouping was 90% likely to study in Nanyang instead of Xiangyang.
In 191-192, Cui Zhouping had an 80% chance of joining his brother Cui Yuanping, and he knew Xu Shu through Zhuge Liang's letter and began to make friends.
Even if Cui Zhouping continues to take refuge in Jingzhou, 70% of them may live in Xinye or Deng County because he does not like Liu Biao or has no land to cultivate in Xiangyang.
In 202, Jingzhou official school was established, Liu Biao's image became better, and if Cui Zhouping was alive, 50% of them could go to Xiangyang to officially meet with Xu Shu, a netizen for ten years, and "Cui Xu's friendship" was passed on as a beautiful talk.
In 208, Cao Cao Ping Jingzhou, only Cui Zhouping of Zhuge Liang's four friends had no news, and he may have died.
In 520, Li Daoyuan created the "Former Residence of Cui Zhouping" in the Yang of Tanxi according to Xi Chisel's "Cui Xu's Friendship" and Sheng Hong's "Xu Yuan Zhi Zhai".
It has been passed down to the present day.
Finally, I visited the foot of Wanshan twice and did not find a trace of Xu Shu's relics, and I hope that Xiangyang will set up a sign as soon as possible.