Hongmenbao Village, Xinfeng Town, about 10 kilometers northeast of Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, is connected to the water in the east, the plateau in the south, and the Wei River in the north.
Specifically, Hongmen is located in the territory of Xinfeng Street Office, about five kilometers northeast of Lintong City, Xi'an City, on Xinfeng Yuan, about one kilometer south of National Highway 108, and about 2.5 kilometers away from Shaanxi Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum.
People who are familiar with Chinese history know that the land of Guanzhong is rich in natural treasures, the land is fertile, the terrain is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and there is a saying since ancient times that "those who get Guanzhong win the world".
There is a reason why the history of Hongmen is very unusual.
More than 2,000 years ago, it was a sandstone and mud avenue. Due to the wind and rain, the road surface is sinking deeper and deeper, resembling a chasm. "Water Jing Note" says it: "Xinfeng Ancient City East three miles have more than two miles of Ban Chang, the original channel, the north and south holes are opened, there is the same door shape, called the Hongmen."
It is also said that there was a steep slope of more than two miles long in the middle of this avenue in the Qin period, which cut off the road. People dig tunnels to pass, the north is called Hongpi, and the south is called Pikou, so it is called Hongmen.
Although the stars have changed and the vicissitudes of life have changed, because this was the place where the Chu and Han struggles took place, it has always been called "Xiangwang Camp".
According to records, in the third year of Qin II (207 BC), Xiang Yu defeated the main army of the Qin Dynasty in Julu and led his troops and horses into the pass, and specially dated and feasted Pei Gong Liu Bang in Hongmen, a suburb of Xianyang, the capital of Qin. This left the well-known allusion of "Hongmen Banquet" through the ages.
At that time, Liu Bang, who was also an important force in resisting Qin, led his soldiers and horses to capture Xianyang, and had the ambition to dominate the world. He knew that Xiang Yu was his biggest contender for power.
When Xiang Yu learned that Liu Bang had entered the Guanzhong, he immediately returned to Xianyang and waited outside the Hangu Pass. Xiang Yu's soldiers are strong and terrifying. Liu Bang's strategist Zhang Liang offered him a plan, he must not fight hard with Xiang Yu, he could withdraw from Xianyang first and return to his master.
"Historical Records: Xiang Yu Benji" describes: "Xiang Yu soldiers 400,000, in Xinfeng Hongmen; Pei Gong has 100,000 soldiers, and he is on the throne. …… Pei Gong rode from more than 100 days to see King Xiang and went to Hongmen,...... King Xiang stayed with Pei Gong and drank on the same day. ”
This seemingly warm dinner is actually full of murderous opportunities.
At that time, Xiang Yu's strategist Fan Zeng had realized that Liu Bang would become Xiang Jun's henchman in the future, so he designed a fake appointment for Liu Bang to have a banquet in Hongmen, intending to get rid of him in one fell swoop between the banquets.
Xiang Yuji's father, Xiang Bo, was friendly with Zhang Liang, and when he learned of this, he met Zhang Liang in the starry night. After Liu Bang learned about it, he took Zhang Liang, Fan Hao and rode to Hongmen to see Xiang Yu. During the banquet, Fan Zeng made a move according to the plan, and ordered Xiang Yu's subordinate brother Xiang Zhuang to take the opportunity to kill Liu Bang under the pretense of dancing the sword to help the wine. Seeing that the situation was not good, Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced to protect Liu Bang. In the crisis, Liu Bang's subordinates bravely entered the guard with a sword and shield, Liu Bang went to the toilet under the pretext, and recruited Fan Xu, copied the path from the bottom of Lishan Mountain, and fled back to Bashang. When Fan Zeng, Xiang Yu and others found out, Liu Bang had gone far away.
For Xiang Yu, Liu Bang's escape is tantamount to letting the tiger return to the mountain. The "Hongmen Banquet" ended in the failure of the organizers.
Due to the occurrence of this event, the trend of Chinese history was rewritten, and it was seriously written into the "Historical Records" by the literary giant Sima Qian, and was also called "the first banquet in the world" by later historians.
With its special historical significance and rich dramatic process and ending, the "Hongmen Banquet" is widely spread among the people, and it is still synonymous with "ill intentions" and "hidden murder" activities.
Looking at the allusion of the "Hongmen Banquet", people with different views may get different inspiration from it.
or learn how to observe words and emotions and grasp the initiative in action; Maybe it thinks of how to use static braking at critical moments; Perhaps from the courage to know that there are tigers in the mountains and prefer tigers to deal with the crisis, etc.
The idiom of "Xiang Zhuang dancing the sword, meaning Pei Gong" summarized through the "Hongmen Banquet" incident has become a well-known suggestion in the country. There are also "people are swordsmen, I am fish and meat", and "shameless face Jiangdong fathers" have also become golden words and golden sentences often quoted by literati and politicians in later generations.
Hongmen, the place where the banquet was held, has always worn the historical halo of this event, and now it is one of the hot spots for Shaanxi tourism.
It is said that the establishment of Xinfeng Town, where Hongmen is located, is closely related to Liu Bang's old father.
As we all know, the hometown of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, is in Jiangsu. His father, Mrs. Liu, lived in Feng County, Pei County, which is today's Xuzhou City.
After ascending to the throne of the emperor, Liu Bang ordered his father Liu Taigong to be taken to Chang'an to enjoy Qingfu. But Mrs. Liu is not used to the life in Guanzhong, and misses her hometown all day long. In order to make his father happy, Liu Bang asked people to build a new Feng County in the local area.
The pattern of this Feng County is exactly the same as that of the hometown in Jiangsu, not only that, but also the fathers and villagers of the hometown, as well as the chickens, ducks, cats and dogs, all moved over, and Mrs. Liu was happy.
After the death of Liu Taigong, it was renamed Xinfeng, that is, the location of Hongmen where the Hongmen banquet incident occurred.
Nowadays, in the south wall of Xinfeng Town, there is still a small ditch, the Han Dynasty plate built the city wall, and often the Han Dynasty tile, rubble, bricks unearthed, become the evidence of the ancient Hongmen.
In Hongmen Village, the existing site of "Hongmen Banquet" has been carefully renovated by the local government department, and has reproduced the appearance of the year described in the history books: a military tent with the appearance of the Qin and Han dynasties was built, and the "Chu and Han military flags" were hung at the door. The tent simulates the banquet scene at that time, with vivid statues such as "Xiang Zhuang Dancing Sword and Fan Hao Breaking the Tent", and there are a large number of pictures on the wall.
In fact, in the "Hongmen Banquet" site scenic spot, it is divided into two parts, Xiangwangying and the banquet site, one east and one west, and there is a passage in the middle.
The earliest record of Xiang Wangying is also found in Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Xiang Yu", which contains "··· Hearing that Pei Gong had broken Xianyang, Xiang Yu was furious, so that Dangyang Jun and others hit the pass, and Xiang Yu entered, as for the west. ”
The "Xixi" mentioned here refers to the current Hongmen Fort. Xiang Yu once set up camp here and stationed heavy troops.
The rebuilt Xiangwang camp is made of green bricks, the palace and pavilion in the city, the ring covers all around, the ancient wood inside is towering, and the green vine is entangled. There are Bawang Wells, Yu Ji Wells and so on in the city. In the center of the city, there is also a statue of the overlord lifting the crown.
Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu back then, held his head high, held the sword at his waist with one hand, and raised the bronze tripod with the other.
In the banquet site park, the real-life performance of the people who participated in the banquet was newly added, which vividly reproduced the situation of hidden murder and sword light and sword shadow at the banquet of that year.
I saw that accompanied by music, Xiang Yu and Liu Bangan were sitting on the platform inside the big tent. Xiang Yu was domineering, and Liu Bangcheng was terrified. On either side of the tent sat Fan Zeng and Zhang Liang. Fan Zeng looked anxious and kept signaling to move; Zhang Liang was confident and secretly scheming. Xiang Zhuang danced the sword, the murderous spirit was pressing, Xiang Bo blocked it, and he didn't dare to be careless... The actors are dressed up appropriately and their forms are realistic, making people feel like they are there.
Although the "Hongmen Banquet" was full of dangers, it really did not kill Liu Bang, the Duke of Pei.
Liu Bang, who did not die, founded the Han Dynasty and became the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. The Han Emperor, Chinese language, Chinese characters, Hanfu, Han opera, etc., which he pioneered, have become the most representative cultural symbols of the Chinese nation.
Thank you very much for reading "Spring and Autumn in the Palm of Your Palm", if you like it, you can click "Subscribe" or "Follow". Let's appreciate the anecdotes of history and reminisce about the past... (Disclaimer: The references and pictures in the article are from the Internet)