Pay attention to ▲Calligraphy Commune▲ With thousands of book elites,
Explore a new way of life in China's calligraphy, painting and printing!
Kikukawa Hideyama's "Picture of Good Fortune" and Chinese prints of the same title
Source: l Wenhui Scholar, Author l Li Yanli Sharing, l Shuyi Commune (ID: shufaorg)
"The garden of Japanese art has always inherited the blessings of China. "The Edo culture, which seems to have been born in the era of national isolation, borrowed a lot of Chinese elements from its painting themes and materials, and completed the practice of imitation, digestion and localization through the circulation of books, the exchange of monks and humanities, and the study of printmaking New Year painting techniques.
It seems to be a god of harmony
Harmony and happiness are born, and the daily income is peaceful, and everything is auspicious. These two very similar paintings are of the Edo period ukiyo-e painter Kikukawa Hideyama on the left, and the Chinese prints on the right. Kikukawa Hideyama (1787-1867) was the ancestor of the Kikukawa school and was famous for his beautiful paintings. According to the research of the production period, Yingshan's work is later than Chinese printmaking, so it is likely that it is an imitation of China. Coincidentally, earlier than Yingshan's works, and more similar to Chinese prints, there is also Matsudaira Dingxin's "Picture of Good Luck for All Things". The two immortals of Hehe are dressed in clothes with copper coin patterns, stepping on corals and other jewelry, one holding a lotus flower and the other holding a treasure box. "Harmony God" is generally regarded as the Tang Dynasty monk Hanshan and Find, containing a hundred years of good harmony, harmony and wealth and other beautiful meanings, is a commonly used painting theme in Chinese painting. Not only do ukiyo-e paintings frequently appear in the god of harmony, but the Tokyo National Museum also has a collection of Zen paintings by the Yuan Dynasty painter Indra, and Japan's national treasure "Zen Machine Diagram Broken Jian Hanshan Finding". Ukiyo-e is a popular popular painting of the common people in the Edo period, and it is also a kind of entertainment for the common people who enjoy the present and affirm the present. There are many types of beauty paintings, landscape paintings, and martial arts paintings, which have the characteristics of bright colors and brilliance. "The garden of Japanese art has always inherited the blessings of China. It seems that the Edo culture, which was born in the era of the closed country, borrowed a lot of Chinese elements from the themes and materials of its paintings, and completed the practice of imitation, digestion and localization through the circulation of books, the exchange of monks and humanities, and the study of printmaking New Year painting techniques.
Kitagawa Utagawa (second generation) "Picture of Harmony God" and Suzhou prints of the same title
Chinese Painting Titles in Ukiyo-e "Painting Titles" are the titles of paintings, which highly summarize the content and theme of the paintings. The content of Chinese painting is the history and culture of China. Sources such as Ryuzo Saito's Dictionary of Pictorial Inscriptions (Hakubunkan, 1926), Shigumo Kanai's Overview of Oriental Topics (Hiroshido, 1981), and Shigezo Suzuki's Pictorial Titles: Speaking, Legends, and Drama (Taishukan, 1943) show that Chinese paintings accounted for a very large proportion of Japanese paintings in the Edo period. In ukiyo-e, it is common to see Chinese cultural figures such as Li Bai, Zilu, Wang Changling, Wu Zixu, Zifang, Chang'e Running to the Moon, Jade Rabbit Sun Wukong, Water Margin One Hundred and Eight People (Guofang), Han Chu Juntan (Guozhen), Twenty-Four Filial Piety (Zhou Yan), Dream of Red Mansions, Wang Zhaojun and other Chinese cultural figures. There are also comparable models such as "Jianli", "Customs" and "Merry", for example, Fei Changfang in Chinese legend is an immortal who drives away evil spirits and sees a doctor, but ukiyo-e can change into "Customs Fei Changfang Fairy" and other paintings that have changed their gender. The famous "Eight Views of Xiaoxiang" originally referred to the eight scenic spots in the Xiaoxiang area, which are described in Shen Kuo's "Dream Creek Brush Talks: Calligraphy and Painting" in the Song Dynasty, which is a traditional painting title in Chinese landscape painting. Ukiyo-e, on the other hand, not only has natural scenery such as Omi Eight Views and Kanazawa Eight Scenes, but also daily life scenes such as "Eight Scenes of Merry Makeup", "Eight Views of Zashiki" and "Eight Scenes of Boudoir Props" - the transformation has nothing to do with "Xiaoxiang", which can be described as a rebirth. The preliminary study has conducted a detailed investigation of the use of Chinese painting themes in Japanese painting (Zhang Xiaogang, "Research on Chinese Painting Themes in Japan", Mian Cheng Publishing, 2015), and summarized the following four situations. The first is to adapt Chinese legends into Japanese legends, the second is to piece together several Chinese stories and fictionalize them in a Japanese way, the third is to recompose them using images from Chinese picture books, pictorial scores, and illustrations, and the fourth is to create Chinese painting titles created by Japanese artists. The first is the most typical Bai Lotian and Yang Guifei, such as "Poetry Photo Mirror Bai Lotian" and "Yang Guifei's Ancient Things". In the Song Dynasty, Li Fang's "Taiping Guangji" in the forty-eighth volume of the immortal class Bai Lotian is recorded: In the first year of Tang Huichang, Li Shiji Zhongcheng was the observer of eastern Zhejiang. Some merchants were swept by the wind, and they didn't know what to do, and the moon went to a big mountain,...... And the language said,...... This Penglai Mountain also. Even then, don't look at it or not. Send left and right to lead to the palace tour. to a courtyard, the locks are very tight, because of the peep,...... When asked, the answer was that this is Bai Lotian Courtyard, and Lotte will be the future ear in China. It is a hidden memory, and then the return of farewell, ten days to Yue, with a white and honest envoy, Li Gong recorded all the records to report to Bai Gong. In this regard, Bai Juyi wrote poems "The Guest Says" and "The Guest Says" to prove the false rumor. Despite this, the story of Bai Juyi's visit to Japan is still spread in Japan, and the legend of "the encounter between Bai Rakuten and Sumiyoshi Myojin" was born. Yang Guifei is also a very popular object of the Japanese, and Chinese folklore says that Yang Guifei was tortured by a substitute in the "Ma Weipo Change", and she escaped to Japan. In Japan, the Izumi Temple in Kyoto has set up the Yang Guifei Kannon Hall, which enshrines life-size statues; The shrines in Yamaguchi Prefecture and Nagoya are home to the tomb of Yang Guifei, and there are many legends about Japan. The second type of case is "Ju Ci Tong", "Pillow Ci Tong", and "Yan Dan Cheng Turtle", and it is difficult to identify the "bottom plate" of these paintings. "Ju Ci Tong" is probably a splicing of two Chinese stories, one is "Peng Zu" ("Historical Records" Volume 1 "Five Emperors Benji"), and the other is "Jushui" (Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" Yiwen). In this way, "Chinese stories" that even the Chinese themselves do not know are painted on ukiyo-e. The third is such as "Shang Sword", "Mrs. Li", "Soul Returning Incense" and "Three Sour Pictures". "Shang Li Jian" is taken from the homonym of Zhong Liquan, one of the Eight Immortals (Wang Shizhen's "The Complete Biography of Youxiang Liexian", Volume 3 "Zhong Liquan"). The Japanese immortals got on the sword and rode the sword to the sea. Zhong Liquan was originally a figure in the Wei and Jin dynasties, an immortal in Chinese folk and Taoist legends, and the prototype was a general of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The two are incompatible. "Three Acids Picture" depicts the picture of Huiyuan monks, Su Dongpo, and Huang Tingjian tasting peach blossom vinegar, which means that Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are one. The fourth, for example, Hayashi Shoudu's "Painting Quan" (Osaka, 1721), in which 12 of the 48 Chinese gods and goddesses were drawn by the Kano school. What's more, although it is not ukiyo-e, only 5 of the 398 poems in the Selected Paintings of Tang Poetry (written by Takai Lanshan, painted by Komatsubara Tsui and others, Songshanfang, published successively from 1788) are Chinese paintings, and 393 are painted by Edo painters.
The story of Bai Juyi's visit to Japan has always been passed down in Japan, and the legend of "the encounter between Bai Lokuten and Sumiyoshi Myojin" was born. The picture shows Harunobu Suzuki's "Seeing Tachibai Rakuten" (1769-1770)
How did Chinese painting come to ukiyo-e Edo's seclusion does not mean that it is closed and isolated, and Nagasaki is an important window to the outside world. The Bibliography of Ships in the Imperial Household Agency's Shorybu (Kansai University, 1972) is a catalogue of books transported by Japanese merchant ships from China to Nagasaki during the Edo period, recorded over a period of about 61 years from 1694 to 1754, with a total of 40 volumes and 58 volumes. There are a total of 2,490 Chinese books, including 200 novels. (1) Painting-related books Art books such as Chinese painting have given great stimulation to Japan, such as "Eight Kinds of Paintings" ("Jiyazhai Paintings"), "Picture Painting Zongyi", "Mustard Seed Garden Paintings", "Ten Zhuzhai Calligraphy and Paintings", "Famous Paintings of the Past Dynasties" and so on. In particular, "The Mustard Seed Garden" has had an important influence on Japanese picture books such as "Picture Book Tong Bao Zhi", "Painting Book Ying Su Mei" and "Ming Dynasty Purple Inkstone". In addition, there are also books and paintings such as "Sancai Tuhui", "Cheng's Moyuan", "Plum Blossom Joy Divine Spectrum", "Wonders of the Sea", "Famous Mountains", "Mountains and Seas" and other books and paintings are also extremely popular. "Painting Quan" has 147 Han characters and 36 Chinese immortals. Its "Ordinary Examples" listed Wang Shizhen's "The Complete Biography of Youxiang Liexian" in the Ming Dynasty as a reference book; Researcher Kobayashi Hiromitsu identified the relationship between the book and the Ming Dynasty Hong Yingming's The Strange Trace of the Immortal Buddha and Wang Qi and Wang Siyi's Sancai Tuhui (Kobayashi Hiromitsu, "'Hua Quan' 巻四漢人図像考", Shichi Women's University Faculty of Letters, Minutes No. 32, 1989). Another example is "Shrimp Cockroach Immortal", there are two sources, one is Mr. Hou, and the other is Liu Haichan. The source of the former is Wang Shizhen's "The Complete Biography of Youxiang Liexian" (Volume 7 "Mr. Hou"), and the source of the latter is not only books, but also Chinese New Year paintings. As early as the Song Dynasty, there was a New Year's painting of "Bang Hai Playing Toad", but because the New Year's painting is a thing that is discarded once a year, there is no physical evidence to support it. (2) Exchanges between monks and people Song Zishi (1715-1786), whose real name was Kohachiro Kusumoto, was born in Edo and went to Nagasaki to study from Kumadai Kumahi. Later, he learned painting from the Qing Dynasty painter Song Ziyan, so he named the painting Song Zishi. It was he who introduced Shen Nanping's style of painting to Edo and led to popularity. In the development of modern Japanese sketching of flowers and birds, the Chinese Qing Dynasty painter Shen Nanping (1731-1733 in Japan) and his disciple Song Ziyan (1758 to Nagasaki) had an important influence. Shen Nanping went to Japan at the invitation of the Japanese imperial family, and his paintings were very famous. Tian Nengcun Taketian's "Mountain Man Rap" (1835) notes in the second volume: "The history of the flower feathers has never been boneless, and it has flourished since Shen Nanping. Nan Ping, Mingquan, Heng Zhai, Wu Xingren, enjoy Baozhong, enlisted in Nagasaki Town, painted a few paintings, and rewarded them very much. The painting is neat and neat, and the color is rich. As the time rises for a long time, people gradually get tired of the two factions of Xuezhou and Kano, so they are known as Nanping for a while, and they are competing for it. Quan passed on the Fazaki people Xiong Fei, Fei passed on the Edo people Song Zishi, and the purple stone Zishan was in the world. The origin of the "Eight Views" in Japan is related to the Chinese Shinkoshi Zen master. Legend has it that in 1694, Shingoshi came to Kanazawa and admired the eight views of Xiaoxiang that were as beautiful as his hometown. The scenery was named "Kanazawa Hakkukei", and the station was named "Kanazawa Hakkukei Station". Later, Utagawa Hiroshige moved it to drawing paper, namely "Eight Views of Kanazawa". Xinyue is a monk of the Ming Dynasty, he traveled east to Fusang, spread the art of calligraphy, painting and seal carving, Xingqin Taoism, and promoted Buddhism, and was an important figure in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. The Eight Views of Xiaoxiang are particularly loved by Japanese Zen monks, and the reason for this is that it is a kind of cultural elegance, a perception of the four seasons of life, or the ideal pursuit of a secluded life. Yuio Tsuji, a contemporary Japanese art historian, said: I do not agree with the view of nationalism in the narrative of Japanese art. Ernest Fenolosa said: "The art of all nations and peoples cannot be an isolated phenomenon. (Yuio Tsuji, A History of Japanese Art in Pictures, translated by Cai Dunda and Wu Liming, Life, Reading, New Knowledge, 2016) However, the distinctive style and connotation of Japanese art make it impossible to classify it in any one form of China. "The ever-changing but unchanging nature of foreign art is the norm of Japanese art. (Yuo Tsuji)
Graphic and text comprehensive source network, sharing this article is intended to convey more valuable information. With thousands of book elites, we will explore a new way of life in China's calligraphy, painting and printing! The original text does not represent the views, positions and value judgments of the Calligraphy Commune. If you have any questions about the content, copyright, or other questions of the work, please contact the Book Art Commune.
Welcome|Connect
To contribute to the article, please contact: xshufa event report, please contact: shiyu798 to join the community of Shuyi Commune, please contact: xshufa business and marketing cooperation, please contact: shiyu798
At the end of browsing, remember to follow @Shuyi Commune to watch more valuable articles in time