In feudal society, the emperor is the chosen one, he is not only the center of the whole country, but also holds military and political power, and he has the final say in everything.
It's not an easy position for anyone. The emperor had to be busy all the time, dealing with state affairs and trivial local affairs. You have to be a master and know how to balance the forces in the court that fight each other and threaten the imperial power. Otherwise, this throne will not sit steadily, and you will be worried all day long.
The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty established by the Han Chinese, when centralization reached its peak. As the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang especially wanted to grasp the military and political power in his own hands. To this end, he executed many powerful officials under the pretext of anti-corruption. However, some unexpected circumstances happened later, and Zhu Yuanzhang did not pass the throne to his sons, but chose his grandson Zhu Yunwen to inherit it.
Zhu Yuanzhang violated the primogeniture inheritance system, which made a group of princes who were waiting to inherit the throne feel very aggrieved. But what can be done, I can only admit it. What's even worse is that Zhu Yuanzhang also sent them to remote places that the imperial court couldn't reach. This can be regarded as the last road he paved for Zhu Yunwen. But just when Zhu Yuanzhang was about to die, Zhu Yunwen suddenly asked him: "If the foreign enemy comes to commit the uncles, but if the uncles rebel, what should I do?" ”
[Sudden accident and Zhu Yunwen's throne]
Zhu Yuanzhang can be said to be the most special emperor in our Chinese history. He is neither a descendant of a nobleman, nor the kind of prince with a hereditary title, and to be honest, not even an ordinary peasant. He was born in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, when natural disasters were continuous, and the common people were not having a good time. His parents left early because of lack of food and clothing, leaving him alone. There was no way, Zhu Yuanzhang had to live by begging.
Later, the society became more and more chaotic, and I couldn't even eat. In order to survive, Zhu Yuanzhang could only go to the temple to be a monk. When he returned to the world, he found that the refugee problem had turned into a large-scale peasant uprising. With the encouragement of his fellow villagers, Zhu Yuanzhang also joined the rebel army and gradually seized power. In the end, he succeeded in overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty and establishing the Ming Dynasty.
Speaking of the heir, Zhu Yuanzhang actually wants to follow the primogeniture inheritance system. He loves his eldest son Zhu Biao very much, why? Because this child was survived by him and Queen Ma, Queen Ma is his wife of the chaff, and the two have suffered and sinned together. Moreover, Queen Ma also saved Zhu Yuanzhang's life at a critical time, so he has always respected Queen Ma and has a special love for Zhu Biao.
Zhu Biao is Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest son, and ah, he is also born to Queen Ma. So as soon as Zhu Yuanzhang became the emperor, he made him the crown prince. He also invited a university scholar like Song Lian to teach Zhu Biao, so that Zhu Biao learned a lot of things. Zhu Biao also competed and became particularly benevolent and kind. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang saw that he was learning well, so he began to teach him personally how to deal with national affairs, and often entrusted him with some government affairs.
Zhu Biao's prestige in the imperial court quickly rose, and this kind of situation where the father and son shared the same set of political teams in ancient times was really rare. This shows that Zhu Biao is now similar to the emperor, and it can be said that Zhu Yuanzhang can abdicate at any time and hand over the world to his son Zhu Biao. However, this beautiful idea did not come to fruition in the end.
When Zhu Biao went out to inspect, he accidentally contracted a severe wind chill, and although he received comprehensive treatment as soon as he returned to Beijing, he still failed to survive in the end and unfortunately passed away.
Queen Ma had passed away before, and Zhu Biao's death this time was a heavy blow to Zhu Yuanzhang. The successor he cultivated with his own hands was also his favorite son, and he left like this, Zhu Yuanzhang was really uncomfortable. He couldn't accept this cruel reality, and his heart was filled with endless grief and reluctance.
When Zhu Yuanzhang was in a low mood, he had to start thinking about the future. To cultivate a perfect heir to the throne in such a short period of time is simply a fantasy. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang thought of a very extreme way to solve this problem.
He first chose Zhu Biao's second son Zhu Yunwen to be the new emperor, and then used a ruthless method to help him stabilize the regime, that is, to kill. In this way, Zhu Yunwen's throne will be more stable.
When Zhu Yuanzhang educated Zhu Biao in his early years, in order to help him clear the obstacles to becoming emperor in the future, he did not hesitate to put some powerful courtiers to death. He explained to Zhu Biao that this was to pull out the thorns of the future for him, so that he could ascend to the throne more smoothly.
Zhu Biao didn't like this practice very much, and often fought against Zhu Yuanzhang, so the two often quarreled. But now Zhu Yunwen is different, although he is Zhu Biao's son, he is young and has no great prestige in the court. So Zhu Yuanzhang had to help him settle some people who might threaten him, such as the Lan Yu case that later caused a lot of uproar, and Zhu Yuanzhang had to take action himself.
[Zhu Yunwen's question]
In addition to being a little wary of those officials in the court who may pose a threat to him, Zhu Yuanzhang is actually more worried about his own sons. They are all Zhu Yunwen's uncles, although on the surface they don't seem to have any opinions on Zhu Yuanzhang's passing on the throne to his grandson Zhu Yunwen, but they must be a little unbalanced in their hearts, and they feel that this matter is not very fair.
They are really different from the ministers of the court. Think about it, in order to fight corruption, many people's heads have been cut off. If these imperial relatives are killed now, won't Da Ming become an empty shell? At that time, even if Zhu Yunwen really sits on the throne, it will inevitably perish in the future.
Therefore, after careful consideration, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to make his sons vassal kings, gave them different territories, and sent them to guard the frontier. This should be the most appropriate solution for him.
Before Zhu Yuanzhang died, he specially called Zhu Yunwen to his side and told him: "I have already arranged for your uncles, and they have all been named vassal kings and gone to guard the frontier." Now you can be the emperor with confidence and boldness, and you don't have to worry about anything. ”
Zhu Yuanzhang thought that he would be very happy if he told Zhu Yunwen about these things, but he didn't expect that he didn't have a smile on his face at all, but looked very unhappy and a little worried.
Before Zhu Yuanzhang could ask, Zhu Yunwen said anxiously: "There is an enemy attacking from outside, and we still have uncles guarding the frontier, but if these uncles rebel and lead troops to fight over, how can I deal with it?" ”
Zhu Yunwen's question impressed Zhu Yuanzhang, he may have been too confident in these sons before, and never thought that they would rebel. But now that this issue has been mentioned, Zhu Yuanzhang has to think about it seriously.
If Zhu Biao had become the emperor, those vassal kings, that is, his own brothers, would definitely not have rebelled. Zhu Biao is the eldest son, and he has a strong deterrent in his own right. Moreover, Zhu Biao is usually very kind to people, and often speaks for his brothers in front of Zhu Yuanzhang. Therefore, if he becomes the emperor, everyone will definitely be convinced, and there will be no objections.
However, Zhu Yunwen's situation is a bit special, those vassal kings are all his elders, and in terms of seniority alone, he has to be a head shorter. If they really find an excuse to rebel, then the throne of their own imperial grandson will be suspended. Zhu Yuanzhang thought of this, and did not rush to deal with this matter, but asked Zhu Yunwen, if it was him, what would he do if his uncles rebelled?
Maybe Zhu Yunwen had already thought about this, he thought about it a little, and told Zhu Yuanzhang his idea. He said that if his uncles did rebel one day, he would first bring out the words of the saints to remind them and see if they could realize that they were wrong. If they can correct it after hearing this, then he will not blame the past and will not care about them.
After saying this, Zhu Yunwen went on to say, in fact, those uncles who dared to rebel had already made a calculation, not on impulse. It's so easy to get them to stop. If it really pushes me to be anxious, then I can't care about any uncles and nephews, so I can only fight with them and fight hard!
Zhu Yuanzhang listened to Zhu Yunwen's words and was very happy, but he was also worried that young people were easy to be impulsive. So, he used his last strength to say to Zhu Yunwen: "You can give them some color, warn them, and even defeat them, but don't hurt people's lives, don't forget that they are all your uncles." ”
Before Zhu Yuanzhang died, Zhu Yunwen agreed to his request. However, Zhu Yuanzhang definitely didn't expect that Zhu Yunwen did not treat his uncles as promised, but instead set off a large-scale war. This was really unexpected.
[Four years of war]
Zhu Yuanzhang had also beaten several vassal kings before, so as soon as Zhu Yunwen became the emperor, the vassal kings who were responsible for guarding the frontier were quite well-behaved, and there was no big movement.
For Zhu Yunwen, this is really good news for personal growth. He can take advantage of this relatively stable period of time to cultivate himself well and constantly improve his self-ability.
He can't sit still now, and Zhu Yunwen always feels that those uncles with heavy troops are a hidden danger. He also listened to the bad words of his subordinates, and hurriedly ordered the reduction of the feudal domain without first doing a good job of moral and etiquette constraints.
Following the advice of his subordinates, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, as the most powerful one, should have been the first to be stripped of his title. But helplessly, I just couldn't find a suitable reason to move him. Therefore, Zhu Yunwen decided to start with other vassal kings first, and he moved quickly, not dragging his feet at all.
In just one year, Zhu Yunwen successfully cleaned up all five vassal kings, among which the king of Xiang was forced to be cornered, and finally chose to self-immolate.
At this time, Zhu Di knew in his heart that if he didn't hurry up and find a way, he might not be able to escape. So, he began to recruit soldiers and horses everywhere to strengthen his strength. At the same time, he deliberately pretended to be crazy and stupid, creating an illusion for Zhu Yunwen, as if he really didn't know anything and didn't care about anything.
Looking at my uncle who entered the pigsty, Zhu Yunwen was not in a hurry to make a move. Later, the other vassal kings fell one after another, and Zhu Di raised troops to attack the capital under the banner of Jingnan. Zhu Yunwen felt that he had won steadily, so he sent troops to quell the rebellion.
Although Zhu Di is a vassal king, how can the troops in his hands be compared with the army in the capital, so at the beginning of the war, he suffered a lot of losses. If Zhu Yunwen could be ruthless and directly order to exterminate it with all his might, this rebellion might have ended long ago.
It's interesting, now this guy is starting to talk about benevolence and morality. He said to the army under his command who was going to quell the rebellion, it's okay to fight, but don't hurt our uncle Zhu Di.
Hey, speaking of which, those armies who go to quell the rebellion are always looking ahead and hesitating. Obviously, there were several opportunities to win Zhu Di in one fell swoop, but they just couldn't do it. As a result, Zhu Di seized the opportunity, and in turn caught them off guard.
Zhu Di counterattacked and turned the tables, and the capital also fell into his hands step by step. As the army marched all the way, Zhu Yunwen also disappeared mysteriously. This result, although it seems that Zhu Yuanzhang's warning back then was working, but in the final analysis, it was caused by Zhu Yunwen's own soft-hearted and unruthless action.
Speaking of which, this matter was all overdone by Zhu Yunwen. He didn't look at the rules and morals, so he directly did the matter of cutting the domain, he was too anxious. As a junior, do it to the elders first, so which line? Of course, Zhu Di had to resist. However, Zhu Yunwen was grinding and chirping when he was fighting, and he was not decisive, and the result was, of course, a failure.
Bibliography
Ji Jiayi and Li Muhua, their views on Zhu Di are like this [share]
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