The mausoleum, which took 700,000 people to build for 30 years, was ordered by the emperor after the completion of the construction, and more than 10,000 craftsmen were directly blocked in the passage of the mausoleum.
His mausoleum is the first world cultural site in China, and it is also the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in China and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction.
This emperor is the first emperor Yingzheng, and his mausoleum is also the largest mausoleum in Chinese history - the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang!
The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was built in the period of Qin Shi Huang and completed in the second year of Qin II, which lasted 39 years, and was the first large-scale and well-designed imperial mausoleum in Chinese history.
Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang
There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside, symbolizing the imperial city and palace city of the imperial capital Xianyang. The mausoleum is located in the south of the inner city, is in the shape of a covered bucket, is 51 meters high, and the circumference of the bottom edge is more than 1,700 meters. According to historical records, there are also various palaces built in the Qin Tombs, and many strange treasures are displayed. There are a large number of burial pits and tombs with different shapes and connotations around the Qin Tombs, and more than 400 have been discovered, including the terracotta pit in the "Eighth Wonder of the World".
The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is one of the largest, most peculiar structures and richest imperial tombs in the world. It fully expresses the artistic talent of the Han working people in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago, and is the pride and precious wealth of the Chinese nation.
On March 4, 1961, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In December 1987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO for inscription on the World Heritage List.
"Historical Records" recorded: "The first emperor ascended the throne at the beginning, wore the Lishan Mountain, and the world, the world sent more than 700,000 people, wore three springs, and the copper was buried in the coffin, and the palace was full of hundreds of officials and strange weapons. Let the craftsman make a crossbow arrow, and shoot those who are close. With mercury as the rivers and seas, the machine is instilled, with astronomy and geography. With mermaid paste as a candle, the one who will not be extinguished will last for a long time. ”
According to historical records: Qin Shi Huang began to build the cemetery when he ascended the throne at the age of 13, and the planning and design was presided over by Prime Minister Li Si, and the general Zhang Han supervised the work. The project lasted for 39 years, and the project was unimaginably vast and grandiose.
In 210 B.C., at the age of 50, Emperor Shi fell seriously ill and died in the sand dunes. In September of the same year, the funeral of the First Emperor was held in Xianyang, and the mausoleum he was buried in was the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin.
The mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is located in Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 5 kilometers east of the city. To the south of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is Lishan Mountain, and to the north is Weishui.
Ancient China was a brilliant era, and all kinds of cultures were bursting out, such as Feng Shui!
The emperors of ancient times believed very much, and when the first emperor was the emperor, there was Xu Fu who visited Xianshan to seek the elixir; Speaking of the location of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, judging from the satellite map, from Lishan Mountain to Huashan, it is like a giant dragon climbing on the earth, and the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is in the position of the dragon's eye and the finishing touch.
When it comes to the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, we have to talk about the Terracotta Army.
Where do you think the terracotta warriors are? Is it inside the Imperial Tomb? Are the two of them one?
In fact, the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are just one of the burial pits of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang! And just a burial pit is called "one of the eight wonders of the world", so what words should be used to describe the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi?
The ancient poet Wang Wei has a poem "Over the Tomb of the Qin Emperor":
The ancient tomb becomes a cangling, and the secluded palace is like a purple platform.
The stars are separated by seven rays, and the nine springs of Hehan are opened.
There are people from the sea who would like to cross, and there will be no spring geese and no return.
Even more so, it is suspected that the doctor is mourning.
The poem describes the scene of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, summarizing its extraordinary and extravagant momentum; It is said that the tomb of King Qin is as high as a mountain, and the tomb is like an underground palace, which has the sun, moon and stars made of pearls, the rivers, mountains, lakes and seas made of mercury, and the flying geese made of gold, which can be said to be magnificent!
Of course, this is only the description in Wang Wei's poems, and we have no way to explore what the real scene is. We have no way of knowing what the real imperial tomb looks like; It is impossible to know how many treasures are buried in the dungeon.
How deep is the underground palace of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang? Are the bones of the First Emperor still intact?
Sima Qian has a description of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang in the Records of the First Qin Emperor, which translates into the current vernacular: "The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin was dug underground under the spring, and then poured copper juice to reinforce it; In the underground palace, palace pavilions and the rank of hundreds of officials were built. The dungeon is full of rare treasures, and in order to prevent them from being stolen, a hidden arrow is designed inside; The dome of the cemetery is also decorated with jewels of precious stones, symbolizing celestial bodies and stars; Below are the rivers and the five mountains, as well as the geographical situation of Kyushu.
A large amount of mercury is poured into the underground palace, and the flow of mercury is driven by mechanisms, symbolizing the endless flow of rivers and seas; Pheasants made of gold float on it, and the lights in the tomb are everlasting lamps made of mermaid paste.
The rare treasures buried in the underground palace were summarized by Sima Qian with a sentence of "full of migration", which contained a wide range of stars and endless extravagance.
The tomb of Qin Shi Huang did not remain peaceful forever.
Later, Xiang Yu led the troops into the Guanzhong, led the troops into the mausoleum, and took away the things that could be seen in the tomb without leaving any left, saying that the number of people who transported things at that time reached 300,000! And it hasn't been shipped for more than 30 days!
Throughout the cemetery project, it can be divided into three construction stages.
Initial stage. King Qin unified the whole country, began the design of the mausoleum and the construction of the main body, and laid the scale and pattern of the mausoleum.
Mid-term stage. From the unification of the whole country to the 35th year of Qin Shi Huang, it lasted 9 years, which was the large-scale construction period of the cemetery project. Up to 720,000 prisoners came to build on a large scale, and the main project of the cemetery was basically completed.
Final stage. From the 35th year of Qin Shi Huang to the winter of the second year of Qin II, it lasted more than 3 years, and this stage was mainly the finishing works and soil covering tasks of the cemetery.
In the final stage, the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out, and they hit the vicinity of the water less than a few miles away from the cemetery, and the Qin Empire was in danger. At this time, Zhang Han, who had been promoted to the Shaofu order, suggested: "The thieves have arrived, and the public frontiers are not in time for the county today, and there are many disciples in Lishan, please forgive them and give troops to attack them." The second emperor immediately played and ordered Zhang Han to lead the Xiuling army to fight back against the rebels, and the cemetery project that had not yet been fully completed had to be hastily completed.
Historical encounters
According to the records of the First Emperor of the Han Dynasty, the Book of Han, Volume 1, and the Sixth Biography of King Yuan of Chu, the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin suffered the first and probably the greatest disaster. After Xiang Yu invaded Guanzhong, he destroyed the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang on a large scale, destroyed the ground buildings, and excavated the Emperor's Mausoleum. More than 300,000 people moved for more than 30 days!
"Hanshu Liu Xiang Biography" also recorded, there was a child near the Qinling Tomb herding sheep, as a result of a sheep fell into the hole, the child with a torch to the hole to find, unexpectedly into the Qinling Underground Palace, caused a fire, the coffin of Qin Shi Huang burned off.
In the last years of Xinmang, the red eyebrows were military thieves; Wei and Jin Shihu thieves excavated the Qin Tomb; At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang experienced a large-scale destruction. In the Song Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, and the early Republic of China, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was destroyed by foreign forces.
Terracotta
Have you ever seen the Terracotta Army? I've had the pleasure of seeing it once.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were first discovered by farmers in Shaanxi Province when they were digging wells. At that time, unknown villagers worshipped the broken pottery people as the embodiment of the gods; In fact, this is the terracotta army, known as the "eighth wonder of the world".
No one has ever looked closely at the terracotta? The appearance of the Qin Terracotta Warriors is characterized by highly realistic production skills, which means that the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are extremely similar to real people, which has obvious great differences and contrasts with the freehand practice of terracotta warriors of other dynasties in history.
Experts at home and abroad have suggested that the shaping of the Qin Terracotta Warriors may have borrowed from the realistic statue techniques of the Romans; There is even a saying that the terracotta warriors were made by foreigners.
Of course, the above statements are all nonsense, and it is not advisable to take other people's things as your own. In fact, the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses used the ancient Chinese method of building mud strips. It is the Qin people's own sculpture technique, and the terracotta warriors and horses are also the Qin people's own artistic masterpieces.
The First Emperor opened up the kingdom in his heart, and the title of the First Emperor of the Ages also truly describes the status of King Yingzheng of Qin in people's hearts. The image of the terracotta warriors and horses is realistic and magnificent; They were arranged in an orderly manner into huge armies; When we face them, it is as if a voice echoes in our ears: