Taboo is a long-term and universal folk custom in China, a mysterious and fearsome cultural phenomenon. It has nothing to do with laws and regulations, but depends on the self-identification of the people. It is a universal cultural phenomenon of human beings, and it is the taboo psychology and behavior that people hold about gods or unclean and dangerous things. Because of the taboo, it is taboo to talk about it, and the words that mention the taboo thing are taboo, and the ancients were generally cautious in their words and deeds, so naturally there were many secrets. For example, the following three:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > (1) The ancients secretly used the word "money"</h1>
"The ancients were indecent in the name of money, and Mr. Jin, the gentleman, changed his name to Fu, YueLu, Yue, and Tianzi was thousands of miles away."
A common saying is "Brother Kong Fang". For another example, the remuneration for inviting people to write poetry and painting is called "running pen".
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (2) The ancients kept their mouths on defecation</h1>
Common sayings include "changing clothes", "out of congratulations", "untie hands" and so on. For example, "The Battle of Chibi": "Quan Qi changed his clothes and chased after Yuxia." ”
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (3) The ancients secretly said "die"</h1>
The Book of Rites and Rites of Qu Lixia says: "The Death of the Son of Heaven is known as the collapse, the death of the princes is known as the death of Xue, the death of the Doctor is known as the pawn, the death of the soldier is known as bulu, and the death of the Shu people is known as death." ”
There are also words of death in religious doctrines, such as: returning to the west, immortal travel, ascension to heaven, sitting, circle of silence, nirvana, wood, entering the earth, thanking the world, making ancient and so on. In modern Chinese, such as death, long sleep, death, death, martyrdom, and premature death.
Some taboo things do not exist permanently, and in order to avoid these taboo things, we will find ways to avoid them. Avoidance is actually a taboo that reflects the feudal etiquette, that is, when encountering words that are the same as the names of monarchs and honorable chiefs, they use a certain method to avoid them. It is mainly divided into two categories: one is the national secret, and the other is the family secret.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (1) of the national secret</h1>
Guozhi refers to the names of certain monarchs and their relatives in the poems that are not written directly from the reigning or even the former dynasty. For example, in the Spring and Autumn of the Lü Dynasty, "Chu" is called "Jing" because "King Zhuang Xiang's name is Chu, and he is secretively said jingye". In the "Zhiping Chapter", "from now on, Yuan Yan", because of avoiding Kangxi Xuanye's secrets, changed "Xuan" to "Yuan".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > (2) family secret</h1>
Also known as private secrets, that is, in the writing, avoid mentioning their own father's name and ancestral name. For example, Sima Qian's grandfather was named Shi, so "History."
The character for "僖" in the Book of Records is "釐". "Xin Ling Jun steals the charm to save Zhao": "Zhao Wang Xue, The King of An Shu is on the throne." ”
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (3) a method of avoidance</h1>
Orthography is the substitution of the names of emperors and venerables with other words
Empty word method That is, the word that should be avoided is empty and not written, or "so", or "□"
Missing strokes means to write one or two fewer words that are avoided
The method of changing the pronunciation is to change the tone of the voice or read other words when reading a book
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