The application of BIM design stage is divided into five stages: conceptual design, schematic design, preliminary design, construction drawing design and drawing review. The following diagram shows the application reference of BIM technology at each stage.
1. Conceptual scheme design
Conceptual design is the initial stage of a construction project. The main purpose is to analyze the necessity of project construction according to the needs of the construction unit, propose a reasonable construction scale and determine the design conditions.
The BIM application points in this stage are: project site comparison, conceptual model creation and construction condition analysis.
1. Project site comparison: The project site comparison first needs to establish a site BIM model, and then analyze various factors of project site selection with the help of software, such as the convenience of transportation, public facilities service radius, etc. Finally, according to the analysis results, the scientificity and rationality of the project site selection are evaluated, and whether the project site selection needs to be adjusted.
2. Conceptual model creation: The purpose of conceptual model construction is to establish a three-dimensional conceptual model of the project, judge the suitability between the project and the surrounding urban space and group buildings according to the model analysis, as well as the size, height and shape relationship of the building, and use the software to conduct preliminary sunshine and ventilation simulation analysis to form the final result.
3. Analysis of construction conditions: The analysis of construction conditions requires the use of three-dimensional models to form corresponding charts and construction condition indicators as the basis for further design of the project.
Second, the scheme design
The main purpose of the scheme design phase is to provide a basis and guiding document for the subsequent phase of work. The main contents include: according to the construction conditions, the basic relationship between the construction design objectives and the design environment, and the preliminary solutions of space construction ideas, creative expression forms and structural methods.
The BIM application points at this stage are: project site analysis, building performance simulation analysis and design scheme comparison.
1. Project site analysis: The main purpose of site analysis is to use various analysis software to analyze the main influencing factors of the building site after establishing a three-dimensional site model, and provide visual simulation analysis data as the basis for evaluating the design options.
2. Building performance simulation analysis: The main purpose of building performance simulation analysis is to establish a building information model, and use professional performance analysis software to simulate and analyze the visibility, lighting, ventilation, personnel evacuation, structure, energy consumption and emission of the building, so as to improve the performance, quality, safety and rationality of the building project.
3. Design scheme comparison: The main purpose of design scheme comparison is to select the best design scheme and provide the corresponding design scheme model for the preliminary design stage. Through the use of BIM software construction or local adjustment, a plurality of alternative design scheme models (including architecture, structure, mechanical and electrical) are formed, and the comparison and selection are carried out, so that the communication and discussion and decision-making of the project scheme are carried out in the visual three-dimensional simulation scene, and the intuitive and efficient decision-making of the project design scheme is realized.
3. Preliminary design
The main purpose of the preliminary design phase is to demonstrate the technical feasibility and economic rationality of the construction project through the deepening of the design. The main contents include: formulating design principles, design standards, design schemes, major technical problems and basic forms, considering and studying the design schemes of various specialties in detail, coordinating the technical contradictions of the design of various specialties, and reasonably determining the technical and economic indicators.
The BIM application points at this stage are: the construction of various professional models, the seismic analysis of structures, the integration and inspection of all professional models, and the statistics of area schedules.
1. Construction of professional models: The construction of professional models should be further deepened on the basis of the preliminary design model to meet the requirements of the model depth in the construction drawing design stage; The communication, discussion, decision-making and other collaborative work of all disciplines of the project are carried out in the visual context based on the 3D model, and the basic model is provided for collision detection, 3D pipeline synthesis and subsequent deepening design. Among them, the mechanical and electrical professional model has corresponding local applications in the preliminary design stage, but it is mainly completed in the construction drawing design stage.
2. Structural seismic analysis: The main purpose of structural seismic analysis is to simulate and analyze the structural system, seismic performance, and component form of a building or structure based on the building information model and structural seismic analysis software, and the transmission and transformation capabilities between the building information model and the structural analysis model, so as to achieve the purpose of seismic fortification. Through seismic fortification, the earthquake damage of buildings or structures can be mitigated, and casualties and economic losses can be reduced.
3. The integration inspection of the all-professional model: The main purpose of the integration inspection of the all-professional model is to generate two-dimensional graphics such as plane, elevation and section by cutting the model, and check whether the components of the building and structure are consistent in the plane, elevation and section positions, so as to eliminate the errors of inconsistent architecture and structure in the design.
4. Area list statistics: The main purpose of area list statistics is to use the building model to extract information such as room area, door and window table, door components, window components, wall components, custom attributes, etc., and accurately count the number of commonly used area indicators and components to assist in the calculation of technical indicators; And in the process of building model modification, it can play a role in correlation modification to achieve accurate and rapid statistics.
Fourth, construction drawing design
The main purpose of the construction drawing design stage is to provide a complete model and drawing basis for construction and installation, project budget, equipment and component placement, production, etc. The main contents include: the preparation of design documents for construction according to the approved design plan.
The BIM application points at this stage are: the construction of various professional models, the seismic analysis of structures, the integration and inspection of all professional models, the statistics of area schedules, the synthesis of pipelines and the analysis of clearance.
1. Model construction of each specialty: The construction of each professional model should be based on the preliminary design model or two-dimensional design drawing, so that it can meet the depth of the model in the construction drawing design stage, and facilitate the collaborative work of each discipline in the state of the three-dimensional model; It provides a model working basis for subsequent model drawing, detailed design, pipeline synthesis, clearance analysis, etc.
2. Seismic analysis of the structure: it is roughly consistent with the requirements in the preliminary design.
3. Integration inspection of the all-professional model: roughly consistent with the requirements in the preliminary design.
4. Area schedule statistics: Roughly consistent with the requirements in the preliminary design.
5. Pipeline synthesis: The main purpose of pipeline synthesis is to apply BIM technology to check the professional models in the construction drawing design stage, so as to avoid spatial conflicts and collisions, and prevent design errors from being transmitted to the construction stage or causing rework of installation projects.
6. Clearance analysis: The main purpose of clearance analysis is to optimize the layout of the building structure and the layout of the electromechanical pipeline based on various professional models, detect and analyze the final vertical design space of the building, and give the optimal clearance height.
5. Drawing review
The main purpose of the drawing review stage is to make the construction unit, the relevant personnel of the construction unit further understand the design intent and design points, the drawing review is an important means to solve the drawing design problems, to reduce the project change, reduce the project cost, speed up the project progress, improve the quality of the project play an important role. The main content is to review whether the construction drawing design documents comply with the relevant specifications.
The BIM application points in this stage are: design model review, specification review and design result delivery.
1. Design model review: The main purpose of design model review is to improve the consistency of the building information model and the construction drawings, enhance the understanding of the project before deepening the design, solve the problem of inconsistency between the on-site construction environment and the design in advance, and deeply coordinate the collision problem and the constructability of the design before the deepening design.
2. Specification review: The main purpose of specification review is to improve the project review rate, reduce the problem of repeated modification of the model after the review, adopt the working mode of design review while designing to solve the problem of design non-compliance in advance, and deeply coordinate the design non-compliance problem and the implementability of the auxiliary design before submitting it for review.
3. Delivery of design results: The BIM model file should meet the relevant regulations of modeling in the design stage and the requirements for the fineness of the model, and the deliverer of the results can only be delivered after checking or reviewing in accordance with the quality management regulations.
The above are the 15 applications and functions of BIM in the design stage, so how to apply BIM technology in actual projects?
6. Application cases of BIM in the design stage
Shenzhen Binhai Avenue Comprehensive Renovation Project
In 2018, our company reached a cooperation with Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Rail Transit Design and Research Institute, and was responsible for the consulting part of the whole process of project design. In 2020, we reached a cooperation with China Railway Fourth Bureau to be responsible for BIM consulting cooperation for construction target projects.
The project is located on the south side of Shenzhen Super Headquarters Base, with a total length of about 5.95Km from Shahe West Road Interchange Reconstruction Project to the west and Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway to the east. Among them, the ABP section (Shahe East Road-Shenwan No. 5 Road) is a sinking reconstruction section, the buried section of the main line tunnel is 1.56 km, and the open sections of 268 m and 235 m are set on both sides respectively, and the upper part of the sinking tunnel is transformed into a green space on top of the green space.
BIM application in the design phase
In the planning of this project, the whole process of BIM design application points from schematic design, preliminary design and construction drawing design is formulated, including multi-disciplinary collaborative 3D design, engineering design scheme roaming, engineering quantity review, etc., aiming to optimize the design scheme and improve the design quality through the application of BIM technology.
1. Multi-discipline collaborative 3D design
In the collaborative working environment, according to the requirements of the project BIM application implementation planning, build the BIM design model of each discipline of the project, as shown in the figure below, including the whole line of the project to transform the road engineering, the main body of the tunnel project and its attached civil engineering, mechanical and electrical, decoration, geology, underground pipelines, etc., as well as the creation of BIM models such as municipal pipelines and ground transportation systems around the project.
2. Visualization of the design scheme
In the design scheme, according to the requirements of different design schemes of the tunnel, the corresponding tunnel BIM model is created, and the design concept, ideas and details of the scheme are displayed in the form of three-dimensional visualization, so as to assist the designer, the owner and the relevant government departments to coordinate and communicate, so as to facilitate the comparison and selection of design schemes and rapid decision-making. Through visual and intuitive methods, the relative spatial position relationship between the Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen intercity station and the harbor-style stop and the surrounding environment under different design scheme conditions can be seen, as shown in the figure below, which is helpful for designers to improve the design scheme and assist the owner in making scheme decisions.
3. Engineering design scheme roaming
Based on the planned BIM model of the Binhai Avenue reconstruction road and tunnel, combined with the surrounding environment model, municipal pipeline model and underground building model taken by UAV aerial photography, the overall design scheme of the project is intuitively displayed, the simulation roaming is carried out, the real scene of the project is displayed virtually and the impact of the surrounding environment is judged, especially the relationship between the line and the existing road network and related projects, the location of the tunnel ramp, the relationship between the harbor-style stop and the surrounding environment, etc., and the relationship with the surrounding buildings is properly handled in the scheme stage. Avoid mistakes, omissions and defects, and assist in the optimization of design schemes, as shown in the figure below.
4. Collision check and 3D pipeline integration
In the early stage of the project, simulate and optimize the pipeline relocation and traffic organization plan, and use the simulation video to clearly express the pipeline relocation plan and the change of traffic organization with the schedule, as shown in the figure below, reflect the key difficulties existing in each construction stage, check and optimize the plan, and assist in the planning of major node projects.
5. Quantity review
According to the requirements of the engineering quantity statistics of the design list, BIM technical means are used to assist the statistics of the engineering quantity of civil engineering, mechanical and electrical engineering, as shown in the figure below, check the design statistics and BIM engineering quantity, review the items with large differences, and improve the accuracy of the engineering calculation.
6. Comparison of the current situation of the road and the reconstruction plan
Based on the tilt data and BIM model, the comparison between the current situation of the road and the reconstruction plan is carried out through the BIM visualization display, as shown in the figure below, the relationship between the reconstruction road and the surrounding environment is analyzed, and the design scheme is decided. According to the parameter information such as vehicle flow rate and road design speed, the road traffic congestion situation is dynamically simulated to optimize the road network design.
7. Dynamic presentation of landscape art schemes
Based on the surrounding surface and municipal pipeline models established in the early plan, and create a landscape greening scheme model according to the landscape design scheme data, integrate the BIM model of various professional design schemes, display the design concepts, ideas and details of the landscape scheme of tunnels and key nodes of roads in the form of three-dimensional visual simulation, and assist the design unit, construction unit, government and other relevant departments to coordinate and communicate the landscape greening scheme, optimize and stabilize the landscape greening design scheme, as shown in the figure below.
8. Simulation of tunnel decoration effect
Based on the tunnel BIM model, multiple decoration scheme models can be quickly completed, as shown in the figure below, the scheme can be visually displayed, and the real environment after the tunnel is completed can be experienced, which is conducive to the optimization and rapid implementation of the scheme.
9. Special weather environment simulation
Dynamically simulate the effects of tunnels and roads under special weather conditions such as seasonal changes, sunny and rainy days, and daytime alternation, and assist in optimizing the tunnel landscape design scheme, as shown in the figure below.
Landscape of tunnel entrances and exits in spring
10. BIM+VR immersive experience
Based on the design model, a variety of VR scenes can be generated, and in this project, the surrounding environment of the project can be VR experienced, and the VR experience of the tunnel internal pipeline layout and tunnel decoration plan can be compared, as shown in the figure below, bringing an immersive experience to the project owner, design and other related parties, and providing a new method for the expression of the design scheme, the comparison and selection of the design scheme and the scheme decision-making.
Project benefits
1. Optimize design: Optimize the design drawings in time in the design stage to avoid the cost increase caused by later design changes, reduce the communication time by about 10%, reduce the drawing review and change by about 20%, and reduce the cost by millions of yuan.
2. Auxiliary construction: Through three-dimensional visualization BIM dynamic simulation and BIM visualization design disclosure, it reduces more than 10 offline design disclosure meetings, cooperates with construction more than 20 times, and saves about 20 days of construction period.
3. Multi-party collaborative design: It opens up the data collaboration and sharing process in the design and construction process, effectively reduces the communication time of all participants in the project, and improves the efficiency of collaborative design.
Project details: The application of BIM technology in the comprehensive transportation reconstruction project of Binhai Avenue in Shenzhen
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