In May, the temperature rises, the rain increases, the growth and reproduction of various pathogens become more and more active, and intestinal infectious diseases and insect-borne diseases are prone to occur.
Special attention
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
It is highly incidentifiable in April ~ July, with many transmission routes, and a very small number of severe cases can lead to death.
Key Locations:
Childcare institutions.
Key populations:
Diaspora children and nursery children.
Precautionary measures:
☑ Wash your hands and dry your clothes and quilts frequently.
☑ Drink boiled water and eat cooked food.
☑ Wash and disinfect children's toys, bottles, and other items frequently and thoroughly.
☑ Parents can vaccinate infants and young children aged 6 months ~ 5 years old with EV71 vaccine (commonly known as "hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine") based on the principle of "informed, self-funded and voluntary".
☑ If your child has HFMD, he or she needs to be isolated and treated until the symptoms have completely disappeared for 7 days before returning to school to prevent transmission to other classmates.
Foodborne illness
(poisonous plants such as poisonous mushrooms, wild vegetables, and wild fruits)
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
1. With the arrival of the holiday season, the risk of mass food poisoning (foodborne disease outbreaks) increases due to the increase in all kinds of dining activities.
2. Entering May, the weather is changeable and precipitation increases. In high temperature and humid climates, bacteria are more likely to multiply rapidly, the spoilage rate of food will be significantly accelerated, and bacterial foodborne diseases will increase.
3. Poisonous mushroom and poisonous plant poisoning can occur throughout the year, but it mainly occurs in March ~ September every year, especially after each rain.
Key Locations:
suburbs, forests, parks, grasses; Family, catering and other collective dining units.
Precautionary measures:
☑ Combined with the growth areas of poisonous mushrooms and poisonous plants, the distribution of nearby residents and migrant workers, formulate easy-to-understand, illustrated publicity materials, including posting promotional pictures, hanging warning slogans, mobile phone text message notifications and other ways to improve the public's awareness of food safety, and avoid poisoning caused by self-digging and accidental eating when going out for spring and playing.
☑ Food hygiene management should be strengthened. Do not mix raw and cooked food, mix cutting boards and kitchen knives; Meals should be eaten within 2 hours after cooking, and reheated and cooked thoroughly after 2 hours. Leftovers should be refrigerated at low temperature and thoroughly heated before eating; Try not to eat or eat less cold and cold foods; Avoid eating in unhygienic catering establishments.
Focus on
Coronavirus infection
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
The population is generally susceptible. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact, and can be transmitted by aerosols in relatively closed environments, and infection can also be caused by contact with items contaminated with the virus. It is highly contagious and spreads quickly.
Key Locations:
Collective units such as childcare institutions, schools, factories, nursing homes, welfare institutions, etc.
Key populations:
Young children, the elderly, and people with underlying medical conditions.
Precautionary measures:
☑ Get vaccinated, wear a mask, wash your hands, open windows frequently, ventilate frequently, keep clean, cover your mouth when sneezing, do not gather, and seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Norovirus infectious diarrhea
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
It can occur throughout the year, is highly contagious, and is very easy to spread in collective units such as childcare institutions, schools, and factories.
Key Locations:
Childcare institutions, schools, factories and other collective units.
Key populations:
Nursery children, students and workers.
Precautionary measures:
☑ Collective units such as schools and childcare institutions should do a good job of protection and strengthen the hygiene management of food, drinking water, environmental sanitation, and kitchen workers. Kitchen workers should leave their posts immediately if they have diarrhea and vomiting, purulent skin diseases or other infectious diseases.
☑ Individuals should strengthen their awareness of hygiene, wash their hands before eating, after using the toilet, and before processing and preparing food; Eat cooked food, not raw or cold food; Pay attention to nutritional matching, eat more fresh and easily digestible food; Pay attention to drinking water hygiene, drink more boiled water, and do not drink raw water.
Needs attention
dengue fever
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
It is common in summer and autumn, and very few cases of severe dengue fever or dengue haemorrhagic fever can lead to death. Outbound tourism during the holiday has increased, and the risk of epidemic importation has increased.
Key Locations:
Community.
Key populations:
The population is generally susceptible, and it is more common for people who are homesick and retired. Patients with secondary infection, the elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children, obese or severely malnourished, and patients with underlying diseases are prone to develop severe dengue fever.
Precautionary measures:
☑ Kill adult mosquitoes with insecticides, mosquito coils, electric mosquito coils or electric mosquito swatters; Turn over pots and cans to clear stagnant water and remove breeding grounds for young mosquitoes.
☑ install screen windows and screen doors at home; Hang mosquito nets while sleeping; When going outdoors, wear light-colored long-sleeved trousers, spray mosquito repellent on bare skin, and 8~10 a.m. and 4~6 p.m. are the high incidence periods for the transmission of dengue Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, and minimize outdoor activities during this time.
☑ After returning from Africa, Central and South America, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions, if you have symptoms such as fever, rash, and joint pain, you should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible, and inform the doctor of your travel history.
whooping cough
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
Pertussis is an acute respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, which is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets but can also be transmitted through close contact. Sick people and carriers are the main sources of infection. After infection, patients will have paroxysmal spasmodic cough with inspiratory roar at the end of the cough, which usually lasts for 2 to 6 weeks and can last for more than 2 months.
Many countries around the world with high vaccine coverage have seen a "recurrence of whooping cough". The incidence of pertussis in our city in 2023 is mainly children aged 10 and below (accounting for 95.85%).
Key Locations:
Crowded places such as homes, schools, and communities.
Key populations:
The population is generally susceptible, mainly in children.
Precautionary measures:
☑ Patients with whooping cough should be treated in isolation in a timely manner. The isolation period is 21 days after cramps. The patient's room should be ventilated and disinfected in a timely manner. Items that are touched by patients should be cleaned and disinfected. Susceptible people should wear masks when they come into contact with sick people and strictly practice hand hygiene.
☑ Emergency post-exposure prophylaxis in susceptible populations. People who are not fully vaccinated against pertussis-containing ingredients should receive drug prophylaxis or emergency vaccination within 21 days of exposure (i.e., exposure to the source of infection).
Since there is no pertussis-containing vaccine for people over 6 years old in the mainland, this part of the susceptible population can be prevented by wearing masks in a timely manner, strictly implementing hand hygiene, avoiding contact with suspected patients, and reducing the frequency of activities in closed places according to the risk of exposure.
☑ Timely vaccinations for school-age children. At present, the immunization program vaccine used in mainland China for pertussis is "diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis vaccine, and tetanus toxoid vaccine". The vaccination schedule is 3 months old, 4 months old, 5 months old, and 1 dose each at 18 months of age. If a non-immunization programme vaccine is used instead (e.g., acellular diphtheria-pertussis inactivated polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b (conjugate) vaccine, acellular diphtheria-pertussis influenzae type b combination vaccine), the vaccine should be given according to the relevant vaccine label.
mumps
Degree of Concern:
Reasons for concern:
It is mainly transmitted through the air, droplets, and saliva, and occurs frequently in winter and spring, which can cause complications such as orchitis, mastitis, and oophoritis. More than 60% of cases are in children under 15 years of age, and clusters are susceptible.
Key Locations:
Crowded places such as homes, schools, and communities.
Key populations:
Children who have not had the disease or have not been vaccinated against it, especially those of school age.
Precautionary measures:
☑ At present, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and mumps vaccine are the main preventive measures. Since June 1, 2020, the country has implemented a two-dose MMR vaccine immunization strategy, that is, children born on or after October 1, 2019 will receive one dose of MMR vaccine at 8 months of age and 18 months of age.
Those who have received only one dose of mumps-containing vaccine in the past are recommended to receive another mumps-containing vaccine after 4 years of age. For people born between 2004 and September 30, 2019 and < 18 years old who have not completed 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine, 1 dose of mumps-containing vaccine and 1 dose of rubella-containing vaccine, they can receive 1 dose of measles vaccine free of charge.
☑ Patients with symptoms of parotid gland enlargement should seek medical attention and isolate in a timely manner. Cases with confirmed mumps should be isolated until symptoms have completely resolved or 14 days after onset. Susceptible individuals who have been exposed to infected patients should be observed for 25 days from the date of last exposure.
Source: Healthy White Mountain
Editor in charge: Ling Ling Editor: Sun Chen