Written by: Dragon Tiger
Based on cultural relics and shielded by historical materials,
The tiger is looking at the eagle, and the eagle is looking at the peak, interpreting history.
Zhang Chung Daoguang 21 years (1841) as the prefect of Xingyi, the following year to repair the test institute, at the end of the year due to the death of his stepmother Mrs. Su Tai, resigned and returned to the hometown to worry about the system. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang (1846), he "returned to the power seal" and re-served as the prefect of Xingyi. In the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang (1849), Zhang Qiang built the "Eighteen Gentlemen's Temple" on the northeast side of the Xingyi Mansion Trial Hospital. "Xingyi Mansion Chronicles" records that this group of buildings is "grand and solemn", integrated with the test institute, and there are many couplet poems and profound semantics. Zhang Zhidong led the proposition, Yun: "Mr. Eighteen, there is an ancestral hall in the old tradition." The family guards Xingjun again, and wants to visit and sacrifice it. The ritual has been abandoned for a long time, and the base site has not existed. Daoguang has been young, on the side of the trial hospital, purchased land dove workers, and recreated. Gengxu spring was completed, and the brothers of the fate cave were coupled, not stubborn, and respectful of the management. "The ancestral temple of Mr. Eighteen was first built next to the tomb of Mr. Eighteen, two years after Mr. Eighteen's death, that is, in the tenth year of Yongli in the Ming Dynasty (1656), when Li Dingguo entered Wei Anlong and built it with the tomb. Later, the ancestral hall was moved to the former site of Quanzhu Academy, which was also destroyed. Daoguang four years (1824), Anlong Sangtao built the word tower in the east of the Fucheng Shani Mountain, built a hall in front of the tower, the main sacrifice of the word Cangjie, with the eighteen gentlemen. It is speculated that what Zhang Qiang is looking for is the ancestral hall built on the site of the former Quanzhu Academy. Because "the base site does not exist", between the east side of the trial institute and the west side of the Quanzhu Academy, the land was purchased to build an ancestral hall. The construction time is "Jiyou (1849) autumn", and the completion time is "Gengxu (1850) spring (the same book records 'winter')". During the construction of the ancestral hall, Zhang Qiang ordered his four sons to inscribe the couplet, "Don't be stubborn and ugly, and respect the expression and management", that is, no matter whether the knowledge is shallow or the knowledge is ugly, just respectfully explain the opinions. Combined with the drawings drawn by the restoration, take a look at Zhang Qiang's cultural implantation of the "Eighteen Gentlemen's Temple".
In 1986, Hunan calligrapher Zhang Shuangxi wrote "Xingyi Mansion Chronicles: Eighteen Mr. Ancestral Hall" stone tablet rubbing
The "ancestral gate" of the eighteenth gentleman's ancestral hall was built under the Chenghuai building in the east area of the Xingyi Mansion Trial Hospital, with the title "Mr. Ancestral Hall". The left and right sides of the ancestral gate are the "wing chambers" with two wide sides. Zhang Tong's nephew Zhang Tong praised: "A generation of benevolent people, a thousand years of bean fragrance." Lonely and loyal to the community, Ji Shizhen Gangchang. The ancestral hall glows with mountains and rivers, and the name competes for the sun and moonlight. Dengying Tang Bachelor, Jinjie is more difficult than to be. "Compare Mr. Eighteen to the righteousness of the eighteenth bachelor of the Tang Dynasty Dengyingzhou. Enter along the ancestral gate, for the "Jingyi Hall", from the "Zhou Yi" "respect for righteousness and virtue is not lonely", meaning that the gentleman is respectful, follow the etiquette, the purpose is to cultivate the heart and establish morality. "Then enter the pavilion, the clear stream rings", is for the "Liufang Pavilion", the title "Buwu Qingliu", is to follow the footsteps of Mr. Eighteen, as an example. Zhang Tong praised the poem: "A blue dangerous pavilion surrounds, and a few new trees and flowers." The green waves are lively, and the red rain falls obliquely. The waves are fans of the grass, and the bars are dry and watery. Qingfen is rippling, who is outside the wall? "Outside this wall is the Quanzhu Academy where Zhang Qiang raised more than 1,000 taels of silver to renovate and expand.
Schematic diagram of the "Eighteen Gentlemen's Temple".
There is a house in the east of Liufang Pavilion, "like a big boat (gě)", with the title "no boat", that is, a free and unconcerned boat. In it, there is an inscription: "Sao people are stationed in Mulan Boat far away, and the small sitting is like being in the middle of the water", which is taken from Liu Zongyuan's "Jasper Flow in front of the broken mountain, and Sao people are stationed in Mulan Boat far away", Sao people refer to literati and ink writers, and Mulan Boat means a beautiful place. Zhang Tong's poems praised: "The pan house floats to the house, and the deep arms are not much." The waves sing at will, and the place is a man's singing. There are guests who think of fishing, who calls to cross the river. Mo Yanzhou is not stable, and he should not be afraid of turmoil. Taking the boat as the home, wandering the rivers and lakes, the artistic conception of "not tying the boat" is appropriately expressed.
There is a pavilion on the north side of the boat that is not tied, and it is called "Huaiqing Pavilion". Outside the wall, that is, Quanzhu Academy. Zhang Qiang wrote: "According to the threshold, I always cherish the Liang Festival, and the sound of the strings is heard from afar through the wall." Here is not the use of "reading sound" but "ode to the strings", that is, the peak of the wonderful sound, it can be seen that Zhang Qiang in addition to the pen and ink flowers, should also have attainments in the guqin. The proofreader of "Xingyi Mansion Chronicles", Zhang Yanze, a fellow villager of Zhang Qiang Nanpi, also praised the "Huaiqing Pavilion": "The style is high, and the sentence is looking for lines." On the reverie for thousands of years, quiet to a pool of clear. Clean, cold, and humble whitewater alliance. Yiting empty yearning, Mr. Dajie Burma. "Looking for a sentence in front of the pavilion, it is difficult to express, Mr. Eighteen can learn from his temperament, and his mind can be sworn by.
In front of Huaiqing Pavilion is "Xiangtang", that is, the ancestral hall. The wooden screen in the hall is engraved with Zhang Zhidong for his father Zhang Qiang to make "The Eighteenth Mr. Ancestral Hall". Xiangtang "glazed windows are extended, extremely high and empty", Guizhou Xuezheng Weng has the same book title "Jiebing Anlong", and the couplets are written on both sides: "The number is Dengying in the Tang Dynasty, generous Danxin, so the country has no chance of winning; Zhi Mulu walked the sea continuously, made muddy and bloody, and slaughtered trees in the empty mountains with more than glory. "Mr. Eighteen is likened to Lu Zhonglian of Qi who is unyielding in the face of King Qin. Zhang Qi wrote: "Qianyue wing gallop, desperate period of survival, what a group of festivals; The dress is strict and the Yue is like a fragrant shape, and it is loyal to the present. It means that Mr. Eighteen moved to Anlong from Liangguang with Zhu Youlang, the emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, knowing that the situation was critical and his life was hanging by a thread, but he also faced it calmly and respectfully, maintaining the character of a gentleman, which was admirable. Teacher Zhang Zhidong and supervisor of the imperial history Tong Hui (huī) wrote: "What is the basis for life and death, when the Buddha is born on a good day, he is doomed; The general theory of prosperity and decay is more uplifting than Dengying's bachelor. And so it goes.
In October 1985, Guizhou calligrapher Wang Deyi wrote Zhang Zhidong's "Eighteen Gentlemen's Ancestral Hall" stone tablet rubbing
Xiangtang is re-entered into the "main ancestral hall", which is the most important building of the "Eighteen Gentlemen's Temple". In the middle of the niche is dedicated to the eighteen gentlemen "chestnut master", that is, the wooden tablet. In addition, the tablet of Lin Qingyang, who was killed a little later, is also enshrined. On the altar, the title "foolish" is not a derogatory term, it refers to the wisdom of the gentlemen, which is very human. On both sides are the couplets of Zhang Qiang's son, and Zhang Qiang and the daughter of Zhu Shaoen, a Jinshi of Lingui, Guangxi, have four sons. The eldest son, Zhang Zhiyu, wrote a couplet: "The nature of a gentleman is benevolent and righteous; The wind of the gentleman, the mountains are high and the waters are long. It refers to Mr. Eighteen's charitable nature and broad-mindedness. The second son, Zhang Zhiqing, Lianyun: "You can send your life, you can support the orphan, but you can't take away the big festival; What you ask for is a minister, what you ask for is a friend, and you are willing to do what you want to practice mediocrity. "Mr. Yi 18 did not speak grandiosely, as a friend of the courtiers, he just practiced the most ordinary and ordinary words. You can trust your life to be alone, but you can't take away its festival. The third son, Zhang Zhiyuan, wrote: "The loess is the same, the eighteen princes are righteous and benevolent, and the old standard of the racecourse is a lonely mound; Dan's heart is eternal, two hundred years of turbidity, pheasant new shrine to lay two. "The old mound refers to the tombstone, and the pheasant moat refers to the wall of the ancestral hall. The fourth son, Zhang Zhidong, wrote a couplet: "Kill to become benevolent, Xun is called a man of lofty ideals; There is no need to avoid difficulties, worthy of Mr. Zhang Zhidong was only twelve years old at the time, and this couplet was concise and concise.
After the main ancestral hall, there is a "bamboo house" in the green bamboo Xiaosen. The bamboo couch is horizontal, wild and leisurely, and has the flavor of the Tian family. In its left bamboo yin, there is a bamboo pavilion again, and the forehead is called "multi-section pavilion". Multi-knots are bamboo, high wind and bright knots, tenacious. Zhang Tong praised the poem: "Plant a thousand poles, clear the shade and cover the painting column." The smoke cage has three paths and is blue, and the wind moves a forest cold. Jinjie can be used as a teacher, and it is easy to borrow from the view. This pavilion is really good, and it is safe to sit down. ”
In front of the hall is the lotus pond, which is called "pure fragrance pool". In front of the pool, "rockeries are stacked, and there is Ni Yunlin's painting", Ni Yunlin is the originator of ink landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty. On the rockery, there are "stone stone four", that is, four steps. Shitai one, "Yi Na Liang in summer, surrounded by many plums, bamboos, lotus chrysanthemums, red banana crested lotus, flowers bloom endlessly. Zhang Tong praised: "The heart is quiet with the courtyard, and the pond appreciates the wonderful lotus." The fragrance floats under the bright moon, and the clouds fall before the dawn wind. The sex is as pure as a gentleman, and the mind is as clear as a scattered immortal. The blue tube is ingenious, and the little drunk is cool at night. The blue tube refers to the smoking utensils made of lotus petioles, that is, smoking and drinking on the stone platform of the "pure fragrance pool", and being happy like a fairy. From the pavilion to the left, through the corridor and in front, there is a platform, facing the lotus pond. Behind the stage, the impromptu Yifu trial hospital also. It is said that "the platform is obtained". There are Lianyun: "The sound of a couch of books urges the moon, and the two corridors are fragrant with flowers." There is a pavilion on the stage, the title is called "Tianxiang Pavilion", and the title of the book "Tianxiang Pavilion Twelve Ages Grass" of the famous young Zhang Zhidong originates from this.