Li Yongsheng, Department of Pharmacy, Characteristic Medical Center (formerly 306 Hospital).
Edited by Liu Yan/Cui Yan, Medical Science Popularization Center
Salvia, also known as "red ginseng", "purple salvia" and "red root", is a commonly used drug in clinical practice. "Blindly salvia, the same four things" comes from the "Women's Ming Theory", saying that Danshen "nourishes blood and generates blood, and the merit is attributed to (Angelica) and Di (Rehmannia); Regulate blood and collect blood, and the strength can be peonies; Chase the stasis and give birth to the new, and the sex is twice Chuanxiong". The main chemical components of salvia miltiorrhiza are tanshione, salvianolic acids, volatile oils and inorganic elements. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effects of protecting vascular endothelial cells, anti-arrhythmia, anti-atherosclerosis, and improving microcirculation.
pharmachologic effect
(1) Pharmacological effect on the cardiovascular system: Danshen injection has the effect of dilating coronary arteries and increasing coronary blood flow. Sodium dansanone II.A sulfonate has the effects of increasing coronary blood flow, dilating microvessels, slowing down heart rate and reducing negative inotropia. Salvia miltiorrhiza can relieve microvascular spasm, increase microcirculatory flow rate and flow, eliminate local venous blood stasis, and improve metabolic disorders caused by tissue cell ischemia and hypoxia. Salvia miltiorrhiza has a significant protective effect on ischemic myocardium and reperfusion heart.
(2) Effect on platelet aggregation and coagulation function: Danshensu has the functions of anti-antibody extra-thrombosis, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-internal and external coagulation system, reducing platelets, and promoting fibrinogen degradation. Tanshinone II A sulfonate sodium has obvious protective effects on hemolysis caused by various reasons, mainly to reduce the swelling of red blood cells and increase the ability of red blood cells to withstand tangential tension.
(3) Effect on the respiratory system: Danshen injection can significantly inhibit lung tissue fibrosis, reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, protect pulmonary capillary endothelial cells and lung type II epithelial cells, and increase pulmonary capillary blood flow.
(4) Protective effect on hepatocyte injury: Salvia miltiorrhiza can increase the degree of liver regeneration, nuclear fissure phase index, and AFP detection rate, indicating that Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effect of promoting liver regeneration, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of liver blood circulation by Danshen.
(5) Regulating the repair and regeneration of tissues: after the treatment of Danshen preparations, the necrotic myocardium in the infarct area is cleared quickly, macrophages are active, fibroblast differentiation and collagen fiber formation are obvious, and granulation formation is relatively mature, Danshen can reduce local blood stasis of fractures, improve local blood circulation, shorten fracture healing time, and the repair and regeneration of Danshen on tissues is closely related to the effects of improving microcirculation, improving hemorheological properties and local hemodynamic changes.
(6) Anti-tumor effect: Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effect of significantly inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, which can enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. This may be related to the dysfunction of Salvia miltiorrhiza in regulating the coagulation-fiber-platelet system of tumor hosts and the positive influence of the host immune system, and Salvia miltiorrhiza can significantly enhance the cytotoxic effect of macrophages.
(7) Effect on the central nervous system: Salvia miltiorrhiza has obvious sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant effects, which can significantly enhance the effect of sedatives. It can reduce the amplitude of spontaneous activity of the cerebral cortex, inhibit the pain discharge in the posterior thalamic nucleus, and produce central analgesic effect.
(8) Sex hormone-like effect: tanshinone has estrogen-like activity, but the effect is weaker than estradiol, and at the same time, tanshinone has obvious anti-propionate testosterone effect.
(9) Anti-ulcer effect: Salvia miltiorrhiza prevents ulcers or promotes ulcer healing by improving the blood supply to the gastric mucosa and enhancing the defense factors of the gastric mucosa.
(10) Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects: total tanshinone has a strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and its drug-resistant strains, tanshinone has an inhibitory effect on joint swelling caused by various reasons, has obvious anti-exudative effect on peritonitis, and can also significantly reduce the chemotaxis of neutrophils. Inhibiting the release of lysozyme and reducing the levels of PGF2a and PGE in the blood, which is the main mechanism of salvia's anti-inflammatory.
Properties of traditional Chinese medicine
Salvia has a bitter taste, slightly cold, and returns to the heart and liver meridians. Efficacy: Promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, relieve pain through menstruation, clear the heart and remove troubles, cool blood and eliminate carbuncles. It is used for chest paralysis and heartache, abdominal and flank pain, accumulation of symptoms, heat paralysis pain, insomnia, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, sores and ulcers.
Danshen Chinese patent medicine mainly includes Danshen Dripping Pills, Danshen Yixin Capsules, Danshen Tongnao Capsules, Dantian Lipid-lowering Pills, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills, Danxiong Tongmai Granules, Compound Danshen Tablets, etc., as well as traditional Chinese medicines compatible with Danshen decoction pieces, which need to be taken under the guidance of a doctor to avoid adverse reactions when taken without authorization.
Contraindications
(1) Salvia miltiorrhiza should not be taken with aspirin. Aspirin has the effect of inhibiting platelet aggregation and has been used as an essential drug for the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. Small doses of aspirin can be therapeutic, while large doses of aspirin may cause prolonged bleeding and even bleeding. Salvia miltiorrhiza also has the effect of inhibiting platelet aggregation, anticoagulation, and reducing blood viscosity. Taking salvia and aspirin together is not suitable, which is equivalent to increasing the dose of aspirin, which can easily lead to bleeding. Patients taking warfarin for anticoagulants should also be cautious, as taking salvia may also cause bleeding.
(2) Atropine can speed up the heart rate, and when combined with salvia, atropine can block the blood pressure-lowering effect of salvia, thereby reducing the efficacy of salvia.
(3) After the vitamin C injection is mixed with Danshen injection, the redox reaction is prone to occur, resulting in the decrease of the efficacy of both drugs and the turbidity of the solution.
(4) Vitamin K has hemostatic effect, while Salvia miltiorrhiza has anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregation effects, and the two have opposite effects.
(5) When the active substances contained in Danshen tablets are combined with vitamin B6 or B1, they can produce precipitation and reduce the efficacy of the drug.
(6) Calcium: When calcium agents such as calcium chloride, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate are combined with salvia, they can be combined to form tannate precipitate, which is not easy to be absorbed.
(The picture comes from the Internet)