Grazing and breeding is the lowest production cost and the highest efficiency in animal husbandry production. It is on the same grassland, the same pasture, different stocking methods, the breeding effect of sheep is different. Some sheep farmers have made a lot of money, and some are still losing money. It shows that the quality of grazing has a great impact on the productivity of sheep. The key to whether the sheep can be eaten well and eaten is whether the sheep can be eaten well and satisfied, and at the same time the grassland is used reasonably, which is a very important part of sheep production. To do this, it is necessary to graze scientifically, according to the links required by sheep and goats, feeding, grazing and other characteristics, such as goats like to feed on the tender branches and leaves of shrubs, and sheep like grass. In different seasons, different grazing lands are carried out in a planned manner. What do I need to pay attention to when raising sheep?
First, do a good job in grazing management in summer and autumn:
Summer is the season when the quality of forage is the best and the yield is the most abundant, when the grass is soft, shrubs, good grass quality, and palatability. Extend the grazing time appropriately, but avoid the dew grass in the early morning to avoid further anger. Grazing in the morning and evening during the season of high temperatures is practiced, with a break at noon. In the middle of summer, the grazing land should be selected on the top of the high mountains and slopes, and the grassy slopes, shrublands and new grasslands that have been released on the first day should be grazing alternately. Summer is an important season for sheep to gain weight, and it is required to let the sheep eat more than 3 full every day, and let the sheep disperse within a certain range to eat freely until the sheep are full. After 12 hours of rumination, rest, and drinking water, the second full meal is eaten, and the grazing is still the first pasture, and then the new grassland, and the grazing requires that the sheep in the pasture are eaten cleanly. Summer can be extended to around 7 p.m., and only in this way can you get a good grasp of summer fat.
In autumn, the grass begins to bear grass seeds, and the nutritional value of the grass is not only high, but it is also the season of autumn high and refreshing, which is a good time to catch autumn fat. As in summer, it is necessary to extend the grazing time as much as possible, go out early and return late, so that the sheep can eat more grass seeds, so as to achieve fat and strong, and lay a good foundation for backwardness in winter. Autumn grazing is generally a combination of grassland grazing and grazing in the field where the crops have been harvested, grazing on the grass in the morning, grazing in the field after harvesting crops in the afternoon, sheep can not only eat the grain and stems and leaves lost in the crops, but also feed on the weeds that grow tender in the corners of the field, so that it is easier to fat. After grazing the crops, grazing on the top of the mountain gradually shifts from grazing to grazing on the mountainside and at the foot of the mountain.
Second, spring grazing to prevent sheep from running green and eating poisonous plants and poisoning, spring is the season of pasture and shrub germination, look at the grass to see a piece of green, but only germinate, not much high, at this time sheep are most likely to run green. One bite here, one bite there, in fact, not much grass is eaten, and sheep often lose weight due to insufficient feed intake. In early spring, the sheep should be controlled to walk slowly and eat slowly, and try to let the sheep eat back grass to increase feed intake.
Generally, grazing in early spring should be taken to "hide the green", and wait for the grass to grow to about 10 cm before starting to let the sheep run green, the grazing method is the first day of the grass is not put on the second day, and the new grass is released. The first is to pay attention to prevent livestock from running green, in early spring in the southern region of the pasture grass has just germinated, most of the pasture grass is still withered, the germinated grass is still very short, livestock is easy to run to that place to graze, but there is not much grass that can be eaten. At this time, the livestock always run forward to eat the front after two bites, and then eat the front one after two bites, and then run forward and never eat enough, because the grass has just returned to green in the spring, and it looks green from afar, but in fact, it has grown very little. Therefore, it will keep running forward and running desperately, not only unable to eat, but also consumes a lot of physical strength, and is most likely to be tired of grazing sheep, so that it will be dragged down and dragged to death.
The second is to pay attention to prevent livestock fern poisoning, early spring fern first germination, is blue-green, the toxic components of fern tannic acid, thiaminese, sheep are easy to eat this kind of fern and cause sheep poisoning death, the main symptoms of poison are: hematuria, abdominal pain, emaciation, anemia, depression, stare, slow walking, lying down and less standing, chewing weakness. This is the main factor in the death of ruminants from grazing poisoning in winter and early spring, and must be paid attention to when grazing. The third is to pay attention to prevent livestock rhododendron poisoning, after the dry grass period in winter and spring every year, due to the lack of fresh and tender forage for a long time, when grazing in spring, sheep like to eat young shrub branches and leaves, so it is easy to eat azalea by mistake. Do not graze in the azalea bush meadows while the azaleas are in bloom. Rhododendron poisoning salivation, foaming at the mouth or vomiting, decreased or stopped appetite, standing with limbs open, and a staggering gait, similar to drunkenness; Slightly severe abdominal pain, restlessness, and lying on the ground for serious illness, or even rolling. It was found that the poisoning was injected with atropine sulfate injection, and then administered with sodium sulfate and emodin soda tablets.
In recent years, the results of returning farmland to forests have been revealed, the forest coverage rate has increased substantially, wild boars, wolves and other wild animals have increased significantly, and it is necessary to guard against the harm of wild animals to sheep when grazing sheep.
Fourth, pay attention to sheep drinking water, to ensure daily drinking water: sheep are herbivores, the main feeding is the coarser leaves, weeds and other feed, proper control of water consumption can increase the digestibility exponentially, drinking water is very important, generally to drink water 2 times a day, before grazing and after grazing. Drinking water should be carried out after the sheep is half full, in the hot summer sheep is easy to be thirsty, often see the water will drink urgently, if not controlled, the sheep grab water to drink easy to choke into the lungs, causing pneumonia. Generally, when the sheep are close to the water source, the sheep should be stopped for a while before drinking. Sheep are very particular about drinking water, and it is better to drink flowing and clean spring water and stream water, and do not drink stagnant water from mountain ponds.
Fifth, feed salt, salt can enhance the appetite of sheep, generally in spring and autumn every 7-10 days to feed salt, each time each 10-15 grams, pay attention to the lamb 5-7 grams. Feed once every 5 days in summer, 15-20 grams each time, and once every 10-15 days in winter, 10-15 grams each time. It can be mixed in grass or dissolved in drinking water or sprinkled on a clean stone slab.
Sixth, in the winter in the general northern areas do not graze again, winter to use enclosure breeding, feed once in the morning, feed once in the afternoon, feed once in the afternoon, and then feed 0.25 kg of cooked potatoes before going to bed, pay attention to white radish, carrots, melons to chop and feed. In particular, do not feed sheep with raw potatoes and sweet potatoes to avoid sheep being stuck and potato and sweet potato poisoning. In the southern region, do not graze in the cold winter and rainy weather, and keep them in the enclosure in careful breeding. In the southern region, grazing in winter, because the winter is the dry grass season, the dry quality of the grass is poor, the crude fiber and lignin increase, and the nutritional value is reduced accordingly, so grazing in the leeward part of the valley or on the sunny slope of the mountainside should be chosen in this season. It is necessary to control the flock to walk slowly and reduce unnecessary consumption. In addition to grazing, green hay, silage, ammoniated feed and concentrate must be supplemented to meet the nutritional needs of sheep and enhance their ability to withstand cold and retain fat.
7. Pay attention to deworming the grazing sheep, and deworm the stomach 1-2 times a year. Deworming and stomach is the key technology to improve the daily weight gain of sheep, many sheep farmers are ignoring the link of deworming and strengthening the stomach of fattening sheep, the daily weight gain of sheep is not as high as others, so some sheep farmers make a lot of money, some lose money, this is also the main reason. There are a lot of parasites in sheep, there are more than 60 kinds of parasites in the digestive tract alone, and the infection rate is high, basically all sheep are infected with parasites, and the number of parasites is also very large. Infected with parasites, some fattening sheep can not eat for a long time, resulting in a waste of feed and investment, and even cause disease and death to sheep. Therefore, when fattening sheep, remember to deworm the sheep to be fattened first and then strengthen the stomach, and do not save that little money for medicine.
Eight, grasp the grazing time: general grazing from April to October a total of 7 months, summer and autumn water-saving grass lush, warm climate, is the main period of grazing sheep fat, estrus, breeding, pregnancy, to choose the early green slope shrubland, alpine shrub grassland, forest grassland and other cool climate, plant germination back to early, mosquitoes and flies in the place of grazing. In summer and autumn, grazing at about 7 o'clock in the morning, harvesting and resting at about 11 o'clock, avoiding the invasion of sheep at the peak of mosquito and fly activity at noon, grazing at about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and grazing at about 8 o'clock in the evening, that is, "early out and late return, noon rest". Every morning at about 7 o'clock out of the grazing, around 11 o'clock to harvest and rest, to avoid the hot noon mosquito and fly activity peak to the sheep invasion, about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, around 8 o'clock in the evening to graze, that is, "early out and late return, noon rest".
Nine, disease prevention: to raise sheep, must make sheep not sick, sheep disease is also very much, generally in the spring and autumn vaccination, the epidemic disease of sheep in various places is not the same, must be carried out according to the local animal husbandry and veterinary department of epidemic prevention requirements for spring and autumn epidemic prevention.
10. Give a medicated bath to grazing sheep: there are a lot of parasites inside and outside the sheep, scabies is a serious ectoparasitic disease that sheep are prone to infection, scabies is a highly contact infectious skin disease caused by scabies mites, generally infected in autumn, serious epidemic in winter, especially in rainy weather, the most widespread spread in the wet condition of the enclosure, the symptoms are obvious, stubborn and difficult to treat, the sick sheep itch, rubbing the affected part, resulting in hair loss, flaks, skin thickening, and loss of elasticity. Scales, dirt, coats, and exudate stick together to form a scab. In severe cases, it can affect the whole body. Moreover, it affects healthy growth, reduces disease resistance, and often causes a large number of deaths. Medicated bath is an indispensable work in sheep breeding management, especially before the transfer, whether it is sheep or goats, each transfer must be carried out 1-2 times of medicated bath, otherwise scabies is prone to occur, which will cause losses to breeding.
Sheep for medicated bath is an important work before grazing sheep from the summer pasture to the autumn pasture, the medicine used in the medicated bath, now many places use 50% phosphine emulsifiable concentrate, the effect is very good, this is a low-toxicity and efficient pesticide, that is, in 100 kg of water to add 50 grams of emulsifiable concentrate, so that the effective concentration reaches 0.05%, the water temperature is kept at 25-30 °C, wash the sheep for 1-2 minutes. 175 kg with 0.05% phosphine solution can wash 50 sheep. After the first wash, wash again every 10 days or so. You can also use sulfur lime emulsion to be more economical and safe, that is, use 12.5 kg of sulfur powder and 7.5 kg of quicklime blocks to mix into a paste and then add 150 kg of water, boil in an iron pot, stir with a wooden stick while cooking, and wait for a strong brown color to stop, the water emitted during the boiling process should be replenished, and then poured into a wooden barrel or cement pool, and after clarification, take the supernatant and inject it into the medicated bath or bathtub, and then add 500 kg of warm water at 38-40 °C to carry out the medicated bath.
The preparation of the liquid medicine needs to be made with soft water, and heated, the medicated bath time of 1 minute can achieve the purpose of prevention, the medicated bath for 2-3 minutes to achieve the purpose of treatment, and the temperature of the liquid medicine should not exceed 30 °C. Generally, the time to give sheep medicated baths should be selected in the morning when there is no wind on a sunny day. If the number of sheep is small, you can use a tank or a large basin, a large iron pot or a bathtub for human use for medicinal bathing. Medicated baths can also be performed by spray or shower. When the number of sheep is large, they take a medicated bath for medicinal bathing, and the sheep fish run around when they bathe. After the medicinal bath, go to a cool place to rest for 1-2 hours, and graze nearby, and then you can enter the autumn pasture for grazing.
Grazing sheep is a very hard work, but grazing sheep in the countryside is the best choice, grassland, shrub resources are natural, do not need to pay for it, the biggest production cost of the breeding industry is feed, the cost of feed accounts for about 70% of the total cost. Therefore, if you do a good job in sheep grazing, scientific breeding, and careful management, you can quickly receive returns.