The information is extracted from the Internet;
The American minister at the time, Reinsch, commented on him, "As a builder, he became the Ottoman baron of Beijing"
Text: Shizuru Shiba
1
watched Sister Cao's documentary to know that Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin's lives have a huge relationship with one person.
In 1928, they chose March 21 to get married, because it was the date engraved on the tombstone of Li Jie, a great builder in the Song Dynasty.
I'm ashamed, I only know Lu Ban, I don't know Li Jie.
Li Jie's book "Building the French Style" was sent to them by Liang Sicheng's father, Liang Qichao, and the letter wrote, "This masterpiece has this masterpiece a thousand years ago, and it can be the light of our culture." Zhu Guixin school seal Pu Jun gave me, this book is to send the thought into the emblem because of the eternal treasure".
This book influenced Liang Lin for the rest of his life.
After they returned to China, they joined the "Construction Society", and Liang was the director of the "French Department", and one of the major tasks was to study the book.
Their son's name is "Liang Congjie", which means "to learn from Li Jie", and there is a deep hope in these two words. Liang Congjie was not admitted to Tsinghua University's architecture department by two points, and his father was the head of the department at that time, "not a word". Liang Congjie talked about this in his later years, and his face was still ashamed, "(I) have no interest."
It can be seen that "Building French Style" has the weight in the hearts of these two people.
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Like me, who doesn't know anything about architecture, and only knows gossip about Liang Lin's past, I vaguely guess ----- the Construction Society? This is Tsinghua University or Northeastern University, right?
Only after watching the documentary did I realize that this research is completely private.
The founder is the book giver "Zhu Guixin" ----- Zhu Qichao mentioned in Liang Qichao's letter. Li Jie's book has been lost for many years, and it was also discovered by him.
I didn't pay much attention to it, thinking that he was also an intellectual like Liang Qichao. Looking at his photo again, wearing a robe, he looks honest, with big bags under his eyes, and he looks like a rustic old man.
In the documentary, it is said that this person was the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Minister of Communications, and the Minister of State at that time.
Huh, leading cadres?
3
After watching the documentary and checking the information, I found that Zhu Qichao is a fun person.
He is a person, in Cao Juren's words, "can be an official", all his life, from the late Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang government, the Republic of China, and New China...... There was no delay.
His grandfather was a disciple of a master of Sinology, his mother often embellished some fragments of Song Jin into a purse, and his grandfather's calligraphy and painting were made of silk with the silk of the inch of gold and silk written in "Dream of Red Mansions".
He grew up in Hunan, just in time for the late Qing Dynasty The rusty gate was pushed open by the rattling, the wind and the sea and the rain were intertwined, and Hunan was the place where the cattle of the late Qing Dynasty burst out. Even bureaucrats, such as Governor Chen Baozhen and Xuezheng Jiangbiao, are also open-minded. Jiang Biao was the main exam, and the questions of the test questions were all "The British have two parties of public security, will China have this meteorological theory in the future", "On the difficulty of reforming politics from the beginning", "Ancient and Modern Instrument Examination......
Xiao Zhu is young, not angry about the youth, "going back and forth to Wu Hui, quite a return to his Bang Magi doctor, Yi is angry, like to reform said." After the failure of the Wuxu Reform, the reformers were hanged, and he still "privately purchased banned books with Zhang Shizhao in Changsha, passed on the habits to each other, and his spirit did not decline slightly." ”
But Zhu is not a literati, he did not participate in the imperial examination, he started as a local engineering petty official at the age of 22, and worked all the way, taking the road of applying the world.
Zhu Qichao, Zhang Baixi (right) and Yuan Shikai (middle) pose for a photo in front of the Translation Hall of Beijing Normal University
In 1905, he founded the "Jingshi Police" system in the late Qing Dynasty, and the police at that time had to take care of everything, security, transportation, fire protection, health, social security, and relief...... Cao Juren wrote: "In our eyes now, what are the police? At that time, it was a great event, and only the young, courageous, and daring dared to carry it out. ”
That is, you move a lamp and try.
The night in Beijing has been dark, Zhu Qichuan wanted to install street lamps on the streets of Beijing, and a certain imperial historian of Beijing impeached and accused him to the emperor on the grounds that his family had not lit lamps at night for several generations.
Cao Juren said, "Zhu Qichao also implemented the one-way road system in Dashilar in the outer city, and it was the Fujin who dared to violate this rule that was the good reputation of King Su, and they had the courage to sentence the Fujin silver dollar of ten yuan, which was really offensive to the authority, and actually made the King of Su listen to it and be impressed, so that the implementation went smoothly." ”
What public life is there in an empire that is not the land of the king? But Mr. Zhu is only in his early thirties, and he is determined to move it.
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Yuan became the country, and in 1913, Zhu Qichao became the chief of internal affairs. China's urbanization was arched by the power of capital, and the two railways of Beijing, Fengjing and Hanzhou were built all the way to Qianmen, and the shops on both sides were scattered, and the capital was congested for the first time.
The most blocked point is in Zhengyang Gate, it takes the meaning of "the Holy Lord is the sun, the sun is in the sky, and all countries look up", that is the national gate, the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded Beijing, the Zhengyang Gate City Tower and the Arrow Tower were burned down, when Cixi and Guangxu returned to Luan in exile in the northwest, they all had to temporarily tie five paper arches on the city gate to decorate the façade.
If you want to control the blockage, you have to open a hole in such a door, this is a prickly matter, Zhu wrote, "There are people who invade the official property for the bad ancient system, and there are people who are good at civil engineering and entertainment. ”
And the government said, "It's good to build roads, but I don't have the money."
Zhu found the railway and said, you see this is also for your good, you can pay the money, pay the money, you can also pull away the mat road when you go back to the old city, and leave some grass and flowers for me, just like that, he saved the cost of cleaning up.
He opened two big holes on both sides of Zhengyang Gate, entered and exited in the east and west, and opened up Fuyou Street, Nanchang Street and Beichang Street, Nanchizi and Beichizi, and opened the traffic arteries in the north-south direction of Chang'an Street.
The American minister at the time, Reinsch, commented on him, "As a builder, he became the Ottoman baron of Beijing"
Haussmann was the governor of the Seine department in France, and he carried out a major municipal reform of Paris, building a new water supply and ditch system, building new wide boulevards, and opening up parks.
However, I think there is a subtle meaning behind this metaphor, which means that both Zhu Qichao and Osman are supported by the DC people who first served as presidents and then called D.
In order to support him, Yuan Shikai gave him a silver pickaxe, a mahogany silver hoop, which read: "Shang Engraved" General Zhu Qi Chan was ordered by the president to modify the Zhengyang Gate, and General Zhu used this instrument to remove the first brick of the old city on June 16, 1915, so that the traffic would be convenient forever. ””
Zhu Qichao knocked down the first brick on the ancient city wall in the rain. This is called "the precedent that opened the people's rule in Beijing".
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But Zhu's transformation is not a sledgehammer and smashes everything.
He retained the arrow tower on the front of Zhengyangmen Urn City and the construction of Chongwei and let the German engineers improve it. Rui Enshi once reminded foreign designers in China that if they do not understand Chinese architecture, it is best not to easily contact Zhu Qichao, because this person is a person with strong cultural self-esteem, "witnessing public and private architecture, only European style is fashionable, the old laws and regulations, the torch is not passed on, and it is about to disappear, and he is the first to put forward the concept of "repairing the old as the old", and he was also the first to promulgate the "Regulations on the Protection of Monuments".
Zhu Qichao knocked down the first brick on the ancient city wall in the rain
In the grass film, there is a sentence that can be thought about, "In China's long history, the dynasty has changed, and the king has been defeated." In the past 2,000 years, the successful revolutionaries of all generations have not followed the example of King Xiang, and the fire in the Xianyang Palace has not been extinguished for three months, so as to be majestic, and the damage is very great. ”
You can also chase a little further, in Zhou Youguang's words, "In fact, a little fire is two thousand years." The Anglo-French alliance was able to bully China's weakness, and Qin Shi Huang made a meritorious contribution by burning books and pit Confucianism."
Whether the Xinhai Revolution can avoid this fire, some people still understand. Hu Shi summed up that the biggest role of the new trend of thought is to "revalue everything". What is a revaluation? "It is necessary to use scientific methods to make accurate research and make clear the meaning of the ancients...... Every family gave him back his true colors, and every family gave him a true value."
When you understand what true value is, you will not simply worship or defeat it, but know what to discard and what to cherish.
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In 1928, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin met an American couple on the train and returned to China with them. Despite this, the rain leaked in, dripping on our hats folded out of newspaper and drenching the candles lit on the backs of our seats. So when I arrived in Beijing, one nostril smelled of tuberose, and the other nostril smelled of feces......"
It is not surprising that in 1900, Zhong Fang wrote in the "Gengzi Chronicle" that "Recently, foreigners from all walks of life are not allowed to make big and small respects in the streets and alleys, and pour down the bucket...... However, the thatched latrines are built, which is still called convenient...... Occasionally, when they go out on the street, once they are bumped into by foreigners, they are beaten in every way, and those who are humiliated by this cannot be counted."
Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin
The first public health in Chinese cities actually started like this, and it makes people feel indescribable.
Xu Chengbei wrote---- At that time, there was a very large open-air urine pool at the most prosperous front gate in the capital, on the right side of the big opera garden.
At that time, in the capital, the graves outside the Guangqu Gate were barren and grassy, there were no roads, no parks, and no museums. There is no wind and three feet of soil, and there is rain and mud.
When Zhu Qichao was the chief of internal affairs, he was also the supervisor of the Beijing Municipal Government, tidying up the ditches of Beijing's markets, and "opening the city gates, opening the road, and the pond of the city, curing the accumulation, removing the dusty households, and cutting down the ruins and encroaching roads. ”
He planted locust trees on both sides of the road and willows along the moat, so that there was green in spring and white in winter, and the thick shade above our heads in the middle of summer.
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The first park in Beijing was also opened by Zhu Qichao, which is today's Zhongshan Park.
This was originally the shrine altar of the royal sacrifice, the Qing Emperor abdicated, no one cared about it, the altar was full of hazelnuts, snakes and rats were troubled. The altar keepers planted a lot of alfalfa in the garden and raised pigs and sheep.
Zhu Qichao said that he wanted to build a park, and the Beiyang government said okay, you can do it, but I still don't have the money.
He did it himself, first donated 1,000 yuan, set up a board of directors, and raised donations from the outside world, saying that Beijing has always been the capital of the first good, but "there is no public garden, and it can be used for the rest of the four people." In less than half a year, more than 40,000 yuan was raised, and Xu Shichang, Li Yuanhong, Yang Du, and himself, who donated the most, were repaired in this way. There is no landscape pavilion here, he built the rain pavilion, the pot pavilion, the painting studio, and the Chunming Pavilion in the east of the garden...... Build the east-west corridor again, zigzag back and forth, today I like to walk the bend the most, full of wisteria flowers.
The name "Come to the present Yuxuan" is taken from the small preface of Du Fu's "Autumn Narrative": "Autumn, Du Zimei is sick in Chang'an, rainy raw fish, moss and couches, often the guests of cars and horses, the old rain comes, and the rain does not come today...... "Take the old rain and new friends, the meaning of love and righteousness is constant, and most of the people who go to this place are politicians."
Zhu Qichao came forward to negotiate with the Qing Palace, and opened a door between the park and the Forbidden City, and turned the Wuying Hall in the Xihua Gate into an exhibition room, displaying royal treasures, and naming it "Cultural Relics Exhibition Center".
It was the first museum in China and the predecessor of the Palace Museum.
Scholars and literati all came, and scholar Tan Qixiang recalled, "Chunming Hall was a place where old gentlemen gathered, and I once met Lin Gongduo there, and there was no one else in the seat, so I was pulled to sit down." He opened his mouth, and after saying a few words, he sandwiched a sentence 'Does Tan Jun think so?' Meng Wentong, Qian Mu, and Tang Yongtong often sit at the same table. In the summer, you can sit up when the sun is just going down, order a snack at the café for dinner, and continue to sit until 1 or 2 o'clock in the middle of the night or even in the second half of the night, and no one will interfere with you. ”
The thousand-year-old cypress in the garden, mostly gold, Yuan, Ming Dynasty, by Zhu Qichao one by one to make a book, maintenance, many people love this bit of green color. The poet Lin Gengbai and the painter Lin Fengmian are here to enjoy the snow fighting poems, the five ancient beads, a total of more than 120 rhymes, very sensational. Cheng Yanqiu and Xin Yanqiu successively rehearsed a purple cloud sword dance in the play "Nie Yinniang" on the snow next to "Bai Sixin". Interestingly, the prostitutes of the Qingyin Nursery Class must sit in the park because it is a Western-style refreshment, eat a cup of "Saturday", and ask for a plate of "curry dumplings". Hehe, foreign.
When looking for information, I saw a passage written by historian Xie Xingyao: "Anyone who has been to Beiping, who does not deeply miss the teahouse in Zhongshan Park?...... Many Chinese and foreign friends who have traveled around the world have said to me: The best place in the world is Beiping, and the best place in Beiping is the park. The most comfortable thing in the park is the café...... It is possible to forget all the sad things for a while, and here and now, on a wooden table, a rattan chair, and a pot of fragrant tea, it seems to have been greatly comforted. ”
It's a little sad to watch.
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Zhu is a person with a heart, when he was a policeman, he rode a horse every day to patrol, stumbling around, and ...... the palaces, gardens, city gates, and government offices in the capital All the visible and intangible deeds are "looked around and recognized".
An official who later became the manager of state affairs, and the people he interacted with were "quite a bit of a gangster." "Craftsman Senior" ----- all kinds of old craftsmen and masters in the streets and alleys, and they are "treasured like arches" when they hear a few words. Even books such as the "Engineering Regulations" of the Qing Dynasty were "all carefully read and reviewed".
Chinese scholars have always looked down on craftsmen, and even if scholars are a little interested in architecture, they are only playing, and there is no record of technology, and craftsmen rely on word of mouth. Gu Zhun once said, "China has many good crafts, but it cannot develop the same exact science." There is no rationalism in China...... China has an unsystematic empiricism, a kind of technical tradition that knows what it is and does not know why it is, and this cannot become an "ism", but only a cause of tradition. ”
Zhu Qichao analyzed it more clearly, why did the government not record these skills? "The person who writes the document sees that the terminology is difficult and the proportions and figures are complicated, and when he writes on the document, he is afraid that his boss will interrogate him and he will not be able to explain it clearly, so he simply deletes it."
He gave a ridiculous example: The engineering practice section of the Great Qing Dynasty Dictionary was only a few dozen pages thin, and how could it be done? All the numbers were changed to the word "several."
The more this is the case, the more the officials don't understand, "a real power falls into the hands of the reckoning house", write as much as you want, and "conceal and deceive".
Scholars, on the other hand, look down on this profession and only feel vulgar about money-related matters. Cai Yuanpei said that since the Han Dynasty, the most evicted scholars have only sought moral knowledge, far away from the real world, Dong Zhongshu ruled the "Spring and Autumn Period", did not peep into the garden for three years; Yangcheng studied in Jixian Academy, did not leave the house day and night, and was "known as a glamorous person" for six years.
He called this attitude "self-centeredness."
As a result, there were almost no written architectural manuals in China, and by Zhu Qichao's approach, the modernization of the medieval capital had to begin with him, but the construction was empty-handed, there were no procedures to follow, and there were no classics to read. I don't know who to ask if I want to ask.
Later, when he went to Europe on business, he saw that "one art and one technique, all have patterns, and the old and new buildings are all in the book", and he realized how important the standards and values of artistic inheritance are.
Half of it was ambition, half of it was forced, and he made up his mind to "ask for the old book again and become a famous craftsman".
Of course, the government still doesn't have the money.
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In 1915, at the age of forty-three, he supported Yuan Shikai to claim D, and was still the director of the preparatory department of the ceremony.
He was wanted after this incident. Of course, there were a lot of curses, and Liang Sicheng later decided whether to cooperate with him, and he hesitated, and there was this factor. There are also people who cry out for him, saying that he was also helpless at that time and had to support Yuan to protect himself, and some said that he was held hostage.
He never mentioned this matter in his life, did not defend or repent, and wrote a word on his chronology in his later years, saying that Xiang Cheng "knows" me. This is probably what Rui Enshi said: "In his bones, he is a completely Chinese character".
Later, because "his talent is still available", he was quickly pardoned, and was also sent to the north and south to negotiate the general representative, the negotiations broke down, but when passing through Nanjing, he found "Building the French Style" from the bibliophile Tao Xiang, and only then did he see the most complete record of ancient Chinese architecture.
In ancient Chinese, all civil engineering is called "construction", and this book is a Chinese code-style architectural manual.
Li Jie, who wrote the book, was born in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the architecture of the Northern Song Dynasty was the peak. Li Jie's record "can be traced back to the Qin and Han dynasties, and can be seen in modern times", like a section, we can see what evolution is. What is regression. What is intrinsic and what is input. Architecture is the evolution of a country's cultural history.
But the language of the ancients, sentences have been difficult to understand after reading for thousands of years, Zhu Qichuan initiated the "Construction Society", researched this book, the first place was in his home, the sign was not hung, a few tables, invited a few Chinese scholars, but the old men knew ancient characters, but did not understand architecture, very incomprehensible.
Liang Sicheng, who was studying architecture in the United States at the time, could not read the book: "At that time, after a burst of surprise, it brought me great disappointment and distress - because this beautiful and exquisite masterpiece was like a book from heaven, and it was impossible to understand." ”
Ordinary people stop here, okay, such a complicated thing, pass it on to future generations, and let future people study it. But Xu Shichang has an evaluation of Zhu Qichao, called "everything must be done". This person has a stubborn mouth, and his study is called "One Breath Zhai", which comes from Zhu Xi's words "One breath is still alive, and there is no room for slackness".
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Fei Weimei said that the construction society was originally "a by-product of the rich people's hobbies", and the words were a little slighter, and Zhu would indeed make money, and after the failure of the North-South peace talks, he withdrew from politics and business. He married the daughter of the descendants of Zeng Guofan, and only returned to China from Paris with his father at the age of 10, and his father-in-law's greatest influence on Zhu was that "Westerners get rich by manufacturing", which is the foundation of a country's modernization. Zhu Kaibank, coal mine, is the first generation of Chinese industrialists, but if it is just a frustrated politician's appreciation, can not go that far, scholar Wang Shixiang was once delivered by Zhu Qichao, annotated China's only lacquer work "Lacquer Record", he said, "It's a pity that people now know too little about Zhu, can not understand his importance, from the academic point of view he is the founder of many disciplines in China." ”
Zhu Qichao invited the academic elite at that time to the society, and after reading the list, people sighed that a private organization could reach such a scale------- Liang Sicheng, director of the Department of Architecture of Northeastern University, Liu Dunzhen, professor of the Department of Architecture of Central University, architects Yang Tingbao and Zhao Shen, historian Chen Yuan, geologist Li Siguang, and archaeologist Li Ji...... Americans include Qu Mengsheng, Wen De, and Fei Weimei. German Ike and Bauschmann. Japanese scholars include Matsuzaki, Hashikawa, and Araki.
This is 1929.
Zhu said: "The scholarship of all mankind. It is not the private property of our people. Friends of my neighbors. I am fortunate to have preserved ancient artifacts for me. And in the same direction as our work. Friends of my western neighbors. I take the scientific method. And with its new solution. Give me encouragement"
This mind.
The ambition is also vast enough, "all painting, sculpture, dyeing and weaving, lemon lacquer, casting and smelting, passing on value, and all the things that test work." All of them belong to the company. Where the belief is in legends, rituals, and songs. All the invisible ideological background. It is a folklorist's business. It is also the person who should be searched by the company."
Therefore, it is not called the Architecture Society, but the "China Construction Society".
To have such a desire, it is necessary to have a broad vision, "a bird's-eye view of the entire cultural history." ”
At that time, Zhu Qichao was fifty-seven years old and ambitious.
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He invited Liang Sicheng to be the director of the French department. One of the major tasks is the research of this book "Constructing the French Style".
Liang was trained in Western studies and knew that in order to understand this book, a lot of field research was required, which was the most clumsy, expensive and laborious method, and Zhu Qichuan said that "it is not based on a scientific point of view, systematic research cannot be openly discussed with world academic masters", and the Construction Society started the first generation of fieldwork in the history of Chinese architecture.
Everything depends on primitive carts and donkeys, and the destination is generally in the remote mountain wilderness, and when it is cold at night, the newspaper must be covered with a quilt to keep warm. Often "the rainstorm came, dismounted and walked, defenseless...... Running around all day long, only three steamed buns, one for each person, and attacked by bed bugs and mosquitoes at night, it is particularly painful to not be able to sleep. ”
Safety was also not guaranteed, and members of the Society were detained. Zhu Qichuan personally wrote letters to officials in various places, asking them to protect and take care of these "weak scholars".
Thousands of years of architecture, no one knows which dynasty it is, no numbers, no pictures, no records, Mo Zongjiang said that after they found the wooden tower in Yingxian County, "nine layers overlapped, we are hard to layer by layer, a column, a purlin beam, a bucket arch and a bucket arch measurement." In the end, thousands of beams and arches were measured. When we go up to the top of the tower, we have felt the whistling wind as if to blow people down, but the tower is still more than ten meters high, the only way is to climb the sagging iron chain of the tower sagging, but this 900 years ago iron chain, who knows whether it has been rusted and broken, daunting. But Mr. Liang climbed up with his feet dangling. ”
This climb reminds people of Lin Huiyin saying that when she was seventeen years old, when she first met Liang Sicheng, the two went to the Taimiao, and the girl bowed her head reservedly, but when she looked up, Liang was gone, and when she looked at it again, she was already lying on the tree looking at her and laughing.
It's just that there is no sense of romance at this time, Liang Sicheng said, "Storms, thunder and lightning." We are on the top beam, and we can't help but feel that we are in danger. ”
Lin Huiyin had tuberculosis at that time, but the account of the arduous investigation was almost naïve ecstasy, "Reading the stele in the grass, accidentally touching a Bodhisattva's hand and a smile in the middle of the brick pile can arouse some unusual feelings...... I laughed happily when I was happy, and the laughter spread all the way to the river and the mountain, and maybe which forest or village!"
In 1937, Lin Huiyin surveyed and mapped the height of the prayer building in the Foguang Temple
At that time, it was already 1937, and Liang Sicheng wrote: "In the past few days, while desperately rushing to measure, between the forks of the Tibetan Pingliang, or between the wooden plackets of the Mani Temple, the hands pressed two or three inches thick for decades, measuring the timber beams, while thinking about the crisis in Luodong, speculating that Beiping was blown into scorched earth by the brutal neighboring army, and the result was that the details were still missing......
In Shanxi, they confirmed that there is still the oldest Tang Dynasty Foguang Temple in China, and when the sun sets, people are immersed in the red glow, they sit in the monastery, and open all the emergency food sardines, biscuits, milk, canned food, etc., and celebrate greatly.
After finishing their work and reading the old newspapers, they learned the news of the Lugou Bridge Anti-Japanese War------ it had been 5 days since the outbreak of the war.
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Liang Lin decided to leave Beijing with his family, Zhu Qichao was old and impatient, and he had a deeper layer of worry, he said to Le Dayi: "After the outbreak of the Pacific War, I didn't worry about anything else, just worried about the ancient city of Beiping. Beiping is like a jewelry store, full of treasures. Now that the war is raging, shells and bombs fall here, and it is easy to destroy cultural relics and monuments, and there is no way to recover."
He said that historically, the palaces of all dynasties could not escape the catastrophe of a 500-year cycle, and the traditional wooden structure could not withstand fire and lightning strikes. The stone structure of the Old Summer Palace could not escape the disaster of war.
He will defend the old city.
Even if the city burned down, he had to rebuild it as it was, and he said to Zhang Ling, the best architect in Beiping at that time, "We should do an accurate survey of the cultural relics preserved in the Ming and Qing dynasties in Beiping, and leave an authentic picture: otherwise it will be difficult to be ravaged by the Japanese invaders or the disaster of the soldiers during the counterattack." ”
It took Zhang three and a half years to complete this job.
At this time, Liang Lin was in the countryside of Lizhuang in Nanxi County, Sichuan Province, two houses were low and damp, with bamboo strips plastered with mud as walls, snakes and rats on the top of the shed, beds were often bed bugs, and there was no running water or electric light.
Wu Liangyong met Liang Sicheng there, "He was in his 40s at the time, and he was wearing an iron vest because he was suffering from spine sclerosis. What's more, the weather in Chongqing is hot, ordinary people can't stand it, he has to bow down to make a picture, the degree of discomfort can be imagined, he put his chin on the mouth of the vase, laughing that so, the line can be drawn straighter, in fact, to find a fulcrum, in order to support the weight of the head. ”
Lin's condition worsened and she could no longer get out of bed, and her daughter said that she was too thin to be human-shaped, but she was responsible for the resumption of the "Transactions of China Construction Society", and without lead characters, she used "lithographic printing", without a binding machine, she would hand order it with her old mother and children, and if there was no printing paper, she would use clay paper.
One year, when the Tianjin flood occurred, all the survey and mapping materials stored in the bank of the Construction Institute were flooded, and the paper thin of the ancient building survey and mapping drawings was blistered and accidentally collapsed. The negatives were destroyed, and Zhu Qichuan remade the photos that had been processed in the past, and selected the most important batch of pictures of ancient buildings from this batch of reproduced films, and printed two sets of them and sent them to Liang Sicheng.
In the faint light of the vegetable oil lamp, Liang Sicheng was able to write a 110,000-word "History of Chinese Architecture", relying on the historical materials sent by Zhu Qichao.
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In 1946, because of the contribution of "The History of Chinese Architecture", Yale University invited Liang Sicheng to visit the United States and give an academic report, which was a moment of Liang Sicheng's academic brilliance.
This year, Zhu Qichao had exhausted his family assets and began to sell his collection of albums, handkerchiefs, pianos, and old brocade ...... to make ends meet. In addition, the staff of the society are scattered all over the place, and the construction of the society can only be stopped.
Liang Sicheng sitting on the bucket arch
China Construction Institute has traveled through 11 provinces, a total of 190 counties and cities, before 1937, there were 206 groups of buildings surveyed and mapped in detail, a total of 2,738 buildings, and 1,898 drawings and drawings. For the first time, we have a clearer understanding of the historical development of Chinese architecture from ancient times to the Ming and Qing dynasties.
These materials were finally given to Tsinghua University, the Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University, and it started from this.
Until now, Yang Yuzhen, an architectural scholar at Tsinghua University, said that "the main achievements and basic framework of ancient Chinese architectural research are still the achievements of the Construction Society 60 or 70 years ago, and these achievements are mainly concentrated in the short period of more than ten years when Zhu Qichao was the president. ”
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In 1956, Liang Sicheng, who was already the head of the Department of Architecture at Tsinghua University, finally published "Constructing the French Style" (Volume I), with detailed annotations. "Constructing the French Style" is no longer a book that no one can read. However, at this time, the China Construction Institute was regarded as an "FD academic group" and had dissipated.
When Liang Si became the preface to this book, he repeatedly considered it and made three revisions. He first wrote: "On the other hand, we are fully aware that it is of little use to the socialist construction of today's great motherland." After thinking about it for a long time, he crossed out the "usefulness" and changed it to "direct association". Later, he crossed it out again, leaving an unfinalized copy: "On the other hand, we are fully aware that it is of no practical significance for the construction of SHISM in today's great motherland."
These words are poignant.
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Zhu Qichao once built a private house in accordance with the design of "Building the French Style" by Liang Sicheng and found a craftsman. Today, the courtyard is a miscellaneous courtyard.
Liang Lin's former residence was also barren and overgrown and dilapidated.
I watched a documentary about Sister Cao, who was searching for her clients in the United States, from Liang Lin's school transcripts, correspondence with Fairbank and his wife, and photos of them in Shanxi in the thirties of the last century...... Inch by inch complete.
She photographed a private museum in the United States and moved the entire Huiju to be demolished overseas, and after a local official came to see it, she decided to go back and tear down the new village and rebuild the ancient buildings. Seeing this, I remembered that Lin Huiyin said in 1953, "You really demolished the antique, and you will regret it in the future, even if you restore it, it will be a fake antique at best."
Liang Sicheng spent his life trying to reconstruct the scorched earth of China on paper, saying, "If the essence of art in the world is not protected by objective value standards, I am afraid that nine times out of ten it will be destroyed by future generations when power changes hands, or when interests change direction." If a city in an old oriental country completely loses its artistic identity in terms of architecture, it will be very sad in terms of cultural expression and observation. ”
Looking at history is not to make people sad, nor is it used to satirize, but to make people understand.
Today's leading cadres, rich people, journalists...... Everything we do is placed here, the fire is inexhaustible, the dust cannot be drowned, it will be revalued by future generations, so let's ask ourselves: "Do I understand? If I don't understand, do I know how to respect and understand?" Now understand that one point, one point. Understand a little, just do a little.
Zhu Qichao in his later years
As for what he can do, Zhu Qichao has already said that he knows that what he wants to do has the value of "not being polished", so he will do it well.
He said: "But work hard, not reap the harvest." ”