Since the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, the Cantonese warlords have always been a small warlord, and they have not been able to become big warlords like Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, and Zhang Xueliang. In the entire history of the Republic of China, the Cantonese system has gone through many bigwigs, but none of them have succeeded, this article will take a look at the bigwigs of the Cantonese system.
1, Long Jiguang
Long Jiguang was the first boss of the Lao Yue family, he was a native of Mengzi in Yunnan, and in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, he led his troops to suppress the revolutionary army uprising, so his army was also expanded, and he was called the "Ji Army". After the Huanghuagang Uprising in 1911, most of Long Jiguang's Ji army was transferred to Guangdong, and after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Long Jiguang hunted down and killed revolutionaries in Guangzhou.
Long Jiguang
In 1913, Long Jiguang was appointed by Yuan Shikai as the Xuanfu envoy of Guangdong, and ordered him to supervise all divisions and brigades to suppress the revolutionaries. Soon after, Long Jiguang was promoted to the governor of Guangdong and the chief of civil affairs, and was awarded the title of army general. In 1915, Long Jiguang actively supported Yuan Shikai as emperor, so he was named a first-class duke by Yuan Shikai, and then Cai Yi launched a war to protect the country, Long Jiguang took the initiative to ask Ying to go to "quell the rebellion", but was defeated by Cai Yi.
In 1916, after the death of Yuan Shikai, Long Jiguang was appointed by Duan Qirui as the overseer of Guangdong and the patrol envoy, but what Long Jiguang did in Guangdong had already caused public anger. Later, Long Jiguang tried to make a comeback, but he no longer had that ability, and fled to Beijing after failing to rule Guangzhou again, and died in Beijing in 1925 at the age of 57.
2, Lu Rongting
Lu Rongting is a native of Nanning, Guangxi, the head of the old Gui family, who participated in the Sino-French War, and later rose all the way, to 1911 he was already the governor of Guangxi, in 1912 Lu Rongting was appointed as the governor of Guangxi by the government of the Republic of China, and in 1915 Lu Rongting was promoted to army general and general Yaowu. When Yuan Shikai was called emperor, Lu Rongting also responded positively.
Lu Rongting
In 1916, after the death of Yuan Shikai, Long Jiguang's rule in Guangdong caused public anger and was driven away, so Lu Rongting was appointed as the governor of Guangdong, and the power of the Gui system expanded to Guangdong.
In 1920, under the influence of the Zhiwan War, the Guangdong Army stationed in Fujian and the Guangdong People's Army expelled the Gui family from Guangdong, and Lu Rongting withdrew from Guangdong. In 1924, Lu Rongting was defeated by Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi and others, Lu Rongting went to the wilderness by telegram, went to live in Shanghai, and died in Shanghai in 1928 at the age of 69.
3, Chen Jiongming
After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising in October 1911, Chen Jiongming gathered comrades in Hong Kong to prepare for the Dongjiang Uprising, and was elected commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and soon went to Guishan (now Huiyang District) with Deng Keng to organize the uprising. On November 6, the first shot of the Dongjiang Uprising was fired in Tamsui Uprising.
In 1917, Chen Jiongming was appointed as the general of Dingwei by President Li Yuanhong, and later expressed his "wholehearted support" to Sun Yat-sen, participated in the Dharma Protection Movement, and served as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army to aid Fujian, and in 1920, Chen Jiongming returned to Guangdong, drove Lu Rongting away, and was appointed as the governor of Guangdong Province and the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong army.
Chen Jiongming
In 1922, Chen Jiongming refused to go to Wuzhou to discuss the Northern Expedition with Sun Yat-sen, and was dismissed by Sun Yat-sen from the three posts of governor of Guangdong Province, commander-in-chief of the Guangdong army, and chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs by Sun Yat-sen. Soon Chen Jiongming betrayed the revolution and bombarded the presidential palace, and was soon defeated by the Western Road Thief Army composed of the combined forces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangdong.
In 1925, after the two crusades of the Guangzhou Nationalist Government, Chen Jiongming's department was completely wiped out, and Chen Jiongming himself took refuge in Hong Kong, and died in Hong Kong in 1933 at the age of 55.
4, Xu Chongzhi
Xu Chongzhi is a native of Shantou, Guangdong, in his early years, he studied at the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School, and after returning to China, he served in the Fujian New Army, after the Xinhai Revolution, Xu Chongzhi was elected as the commander-in-chief of the Fujian Navy and Army, and after the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, Xu Chongzhi was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the commander of the 14th Division of the Army. After that, Xu Chongzhi participated in the war against Yuan.
Xu Chongzhi
In 1917, after Sun Yat-sen launched the Dharma Protection Movement, Xu Chongzhi was appointed as the commander of the Generalissimo's Office, and soon became the chief of the army, helping Sun Yat-sen with military affairs. In 1922, because of the difference of opinion on the Northern Expedition, Chen Jiongming launched a mutiny to bombard the presidential palace, and Sun Yat-sen urgently ordered Xu Chongzhi, who was fighting abroad, to return to Guangdong to rescue, and after defeating Chen Jiongming, Xu Chongzhi was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army and the commander of the Second Army.
In August 1925, after the assassination of Liao Zhongkai, a leftist of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei took the opportunity to conspire to exclude Xu Chongzhi from Guangdong in the name of his subordinates' involvement in the Liao case, and from then on, he faded out of the Kuomintang power center and died in Hong Kong in 1965 at the age of 79.
5, Li Jishen
Li Jishen is a native of Wuzhou, Guangxi, but he also has a deep relationship with Guangdong; he graduated from the Beijing Army University in his early years, and later studied in Japan, and after returning to China, he successively served as chief of staff and division commander of the First Division of the Guangdong Army, and supervised the aftermath of Xijiang. After the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, Li Jishen was appointed as the vice president of the Whampoa Military Academy, after Xu Chongzhi was excluded in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek took control of the military power, the Nationalist Government at this time prepared for the Northern Expedition, and the Guangdong Army was reorganized into the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Li Jishen as the commander, although the name has changed, but the nature has not changed, Li Jishen is the head of the Guangdong Army, and later most of the generals of the Guangdong Army served in the Fourth Army at this time.
Li Jishen
After the victory of the Northern Expedition, Li Jishen supported Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi of the new Gui faction to oppose Chiang, and after defeating the Gui faction, Chiang Kai-shek detained Li Jishen and placed him under house arrest in Tangshan, Nanjing, deprived of military and political power, and "expelled from the party forever" on the charge of "splitting up the trouble and plotting against the party-state" with Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi. During the War of Liberation, Li Jishen served as the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, and after the founding of New China, he served as the vice chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, and died in Beijing in 1959 at the age of 74.
6, Chen Jitang
In 1925, he served as the commander of the 11th Division of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and in 1926, when the National Revolutionary Army was in the Northern Expedition, Chen Jitang stayed in Guangdong and served as the commander of the Qinlian garrison. Later, he was forced to go abroad to investigate, and in 1927, after the Ninghan diversion, he returned to China to seek refuge in Chiang Kai-shek, and returned to Dongshan in Guangdong to make a comeback.
Soon after, he was appointed commander of the Fourth Army by Chiang Kai-shek through the "Zhang Huang Incident", and in 1929, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Eighth Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army, commanding the three armies of Guangdong's navy, land and air, and mastering the party, government and military power in Guangdong Province.
Chen Jitang
In 1935, Chen Jitang was awarded the rank of first-class general of the National Revolutionary Army, one of the nine first-class generals at that time.
In 1936, Chen Jitang united with the Gui faction to oppose Chiang, and went abroad after failure. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Chen Jitang returned to China and served as a member of the National Government, the Supreme National Defense Commissar and the Strategic Commissioner. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Jitang was appointed as the chief executive and commander of the garrison of the Hainan Special Administrative Region, Chen Jitang went to Taiwan in 1950, and died of cerebral thrombosis in 1954 at the age of 63.
7, Yu Hanmou
Yu Hanmou is a native of Zhaoqing, Guangdong, graduated from the sixth phase of the Baoding Army Military Academy, after graduation was assigned to the Anhui Army as a soldier, and then returned to the Guangdong Army as a soldier, after which he took one step at a time, to the beginning of the Northern Expedition in 1926 He was the deputy commander of the 11th Division of the Fourth Army, promoted to the commander of the 11th Division in 1928, and promoted to the commander of the First Army of the Eighth Route Army in 1931.
After the Liangguang Mutiny was quelled in 1936, Yu Hanmou was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route Army and director of the Guangdong appeasement, and was immediately promoted to army general.
Yu Hanmou
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, Yu Hanmou successively served as the deputy commander of the Fourth Theater, the commander-in-chief of the Twelfth Group Army, and the commander of the Seventh Theater.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yu Hanmou served as the director of the Quzhou Pacification Office in 1946 and was awarded the title of second-class general of the army. In May 1948, he served as commander-in-chief of the army, and in 1950, he led the remnants to Taiwan, and in September 1965, he was awarded the rank of first-class general of the army. He died in Taipei in 1981 at the age of 85.
Brief summary:
Since the establishment of the Republic of China and the entry of Long Jiguang into Guangdong, the army in Guangdong was either ruled by the locals of Guangdong or ruled by the people of Guangxi, but due to special historical reasons, from 1912 to 1936, the Guangdong army has never formed a stable leader like Li Zongren of the Xingui system and Yan Xishan of the Jin lineage, so after Chen Jitang's anti-Chiang was pacified in 1936, the Guangdong army was basically no longer a relatively independent warlord force.