Presumably, friends who have traveled to the summer resort know that Kangxi personally inscribed the four words "summer resort" back then, and one of the words is a typo.
The "Xin" in the word "avoid" obviously has only one horizontal line underneath, but Emperor Kangxi added an extra horizontal line, did he do it on purpose, or did he really write it wrong? Could it be that he is illiterate?
The Mongols of terrifying strength
If you want to say that the emperors of the Qing Dynasty will enjoy it, like Kangxi and Qianlong during their reigns, they both built a lot of luxurious buildings.
In fact, sometimes this is a normal psychology, after all, they feel that under their own management, the whole country can be said to be a big business, in other words, more and more wealthy.
Kangxi was even more complacent at that time, and from the time he succeeded to the throne, he was destined to be a legend in his life.
It was again to capture the Ao worship, and it was to level the three feudatories, and the background of the construction of the summer resort at that time was that Kangxi successfully quelled the rebellion of the three feudatories. For Kangxi himself, it was a very good time.
Now in our opinion, the summer resort is a tourist attraction, but in the eyes of Kangxi at that time, it was not only a place for his own pastime, but also had an inseparable relationship with politics and military affairs.
Or at this time, someone will say: What does building a place to play have to do with politics and the military? This point may be read from the typos written by Kangxi.
First of all, let's talk about the military aspect, the location of the summer resort was a place where the Mongolian people often played in those days, and it is said that it was very close to the hunting grounds of the Mongols at that time.
In addition to this, it is also inhabited by other ethnic minorities, most of whom were previously nomadic people.
Before the nomads, there were also some names called "Hu people", whether it was the Mongols or later the Manchu Qing Dynasty, they were actually Hu people before.
Although the Hu people did not occupy the Central Plains for too long, and did not establish many feudal dynasties, fundamentally speaking, their combat effectiveness was very strong.
The reason why they are often in a passive position is, to some extent, because the number of people limits their development.
Take the original Mongols as an example, if their number could be about the same as that of the Han Chinese, it is estimated that they would have established their own country long ago.
Among so many nomadic peoples, the Mongols have always been one of the best in terms of combat effectiveness, both before and today.
Although the later Zhu Yuanzhang replaced the Yuan Dynasty, the terrifying strength of the Mongols should not be underestimated, and Emperor Kangxi, who knew history very well, also understood this very well, so how terrible were the Mongols before that?
At that time there was such a Mongol army, and they fought directly to Moscow. About half of Russia's territory today was once part of the Yuan Dynasty.
Several more Mongol armies had already reached Europe, and it was said that they had reached present-day Poland.
According to later historians' estimates, the land area of the Yuan Dynasty alone was almost 14 million square kilometers. If you include the area of the other Mongol khanates, it is about 36 million square kilometers.
These data are too exaggerated, so the Yuan Dynasty is the largest territory among all the feudal dynasties on the mainland, and it can be described in eight words: "There is no one before and no one after him." ”
Later, although the territory of the Qing Dynasty was not too small, compared with the Yuan Dynasty at its peak, it was really a little man who saw a big giant.
From the size of the country, it can be seen that the strength of the Yuan Dynasty was terrifying, and it was the Mongols who contributed to all this.
Therefore, the Ming Dynasty paid great attention to the defense of the north at that time, and they were always on guard against the Mongol tribes in the north, for fear that they would come back one day.
However, they did not wait for the Mongols to make a comeback, but waited for the Manchus who rose again, that is, the Jurchens before them.
The role of typos
For the Mongolians with a glorious history, Emperor Kangxi is also very familiar, so in his eyes, the biggest threat is not the Han Chinese, but the Mongols, which is a great disaster if it rebels!
So at that time, Kangxi often went to Mongolia to inspect the territory in order to personally monitor and prevent them from rebelling.
Therefore, the establishment of a summer resort also has this meaning, so some people speculate that the word "avoid" should be an additional horizontal to warn the Mongols and other ethnic minorities not to act recklessly.
Our Qing Dynasty is doing well now, it is a very strong time, so don't think about it too much, work hard!
In addition to the military aspect, let's talk about the political aspect.
In ancient times, the word "avoid" was actually not very good, for example, at that time, the name should avoid the emperor's name, referred to as "avoidance".
Therefore, the word "avoid" was not welcomed in ancient times at that time, perhaps because of this reason, Kangxi wrote the word "avoid" wrongly.
Adding this horizontal is not "avoiding", so in this way you can successfully avoid the bad influence of the original word.
Although there is some basis for this statement, it is not too reliable.
And then another reason has to do with the ministers. After the summer resort was built, Kangxi would often summon some ministers there.
These ministers generally have important positions in the court, and this can also show that Kangxi attaches great importance to them.
They are all in power, and when they go in, they will see the four big characters written by Kangxi himself, so Kangxi is reminding them that you must also work hard, don't think about rebellion or something all day long.
Whether it was the Ao Bai at the beginning or the rebellion of the three feudatories, weren't they all pacified later? Therefore, some people speculate that Kangxi's writing also had the effect of admonishing the ministers.
Looking at it this way, no matter what the reason is, in fact, Kangxi deliberately wrote the wrong word "avoid". There is nothing new about typos.
Friends who have often studied calligraphy know that there are often typos in the works of the ancients, but most of them are not really written wrong, but deliberately.
Take Kangxi as an example, doesn't he know if he wrote correctly? That's absolutely impossible, even if he really doesn't know, someone will remind him.
So if Kangxi really made a mistake, the plaque in the summer resort would have been replaced a long time ago, instead of being kept until now.
Besides, Kangxi is the emperor, if the scandal of his typo is spread out, won't he be laughed at by the whole world and future generations?
In fact, not only Kangxi, there was a calligrapher who also wrote the word "avoid" in this way.
This calligrapher is Ouyang Xun from the Tang Dynasty, presumably everyone should not be unfamiliar, he also once wrote the "Xin" in the word "avoid" in his own works.
Later, some historians said that in a calligraphy work in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the word "avoid" was also written like that.
Typo Emperor
So later, some people wondered: "Could it be that there is another way to write the word 'avoid', that is, to add an extra horizontal?"
In fact, it is normal to have this kind of doubt, after all, there are many strange phenomena, and some people will feel that it is becoming more and more normal.
But there is definitely no such way of writing, and it is deliberately done by those calligraphers.
As for why they wrote it like that, they naturally have their meaning. However, as for the reason, there is no definite answer, and we can only rely on hard guessing.
Take the typo written by Kangxi as an example, no one still knows what he really thinks, so later generations have given their own guesses, and this issue is still being discussed today.
Of course, Kangxi didn't just write such a typo.
It is said that the four characters on a stone tablet in the garden were written by Emperor Kangxi himself, and there is also a typo on it.
Kangxi wrote the four words "Flower Port Watching Fish" at that time, and the typo was "fish".
Presumably, someone will ask at this time: "What kind of emperor is this, who can even write such a simple word as 'fish' wrong?"
The words written in different fonts are also different, if you write normally, there is a horizontal below the "fish", but what Kangxi wrote at that time was dots.
According to normal speaking, there are four dots below the word "fish", but Kangxi wrote three.
There is less water than four waters, and I don't know what Emperor Kangxi wants.
In addition to this, Kangxi also wrote the word "net", which was an inscription for Jingyun Temple, that is, a plaque to hang up.
After Kangxi finished writing, all the monks were puzzled: "Why is there three points of water on the left side of the word 'net'? Shouldn't it be two points of water?"
As for why it was written like this, Kangxi didn't say. The monks were afraid of causing death, so no one dared to say anything.
Later, the abbot of Jingyun Temple explained: "More water is pure, so the emperor is encouraging us to be good." ”
In fact, in ancient times, sometimes it was not a shame to make a typo. On the contrary, everyone praised it again and again.
Friends who have been to Shanhaiguan know that the plaque on the city tower that reads "The First Pass in the World" actually has a typo on it, and there are two.
Of course, this was not written by Emperor Kangxi.
One is the word "day". The plaque says that the top one is a little longer than the bottom one, and now we write it so that the bottom one is longer, so many people think it's a typo.
The other is the word "first". Nowadays it has a bamboo prefix on it, but the plaque has a cursive prefix, which is very different.
As for why the author wrote it like this, it is said that it is to make these five big characters put together very imposing. We do not deny this effect, but it has been achieved.
There is also a saying that the plaque is too small, and if it is written as a bamboo prefix, it may not be able to hold it, so that the word "first" can only be written smaller.
But if you write it smaller, the overall look and feel will not be saturated, and there will be no such momentum, and it will be written in cursive, so it is written.
No matter how the ancients made a typo, their works are treasured to this day. And their typos will also be linked to politics and other reasons, but maybe they are sloppy and write wrong!
Although Emperor Kangxi was nicknamed the "Emperor of Typos" by everyone, to be fair, people's calligraphy works are still very valuable today.
Speaking of the soul of Kangxi's calligraphy, maybe it is that he sometimes knows how to skillfully use typos.
In the era of the Qing Dynasty, maybe the ministers would have to praise him as a "master of calligraphy"!