Daguan County is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, in the heart of Wumeng Mountain, and was originally one of the 592 key counties of poverty alleviation and development in China and one of the 27 deeply impoverished counties in Yunnan Province. The county covers an area of 1,721 square kilometers, has jurisdiction over 9 towns and 1 township, has a total population of 290,000, and has 21 ethnic minorities such as Miao, Yi and Hui. The mountain is high and steep, the mountain is broken, and it is located in the Daguan-Mabian earthquake zone, the county seat is located on the ancient landslide body, and there are 41 geological disasters mainly landslides in the urban area, and "mountainous areas, poverty, nationalities, and many disasters" are the basic county conditions of Daguan. At the beginning of poverty alleviation, there were 82 poverty-stricken villages in the county, 48 deeply impoverished villages, and 26,023 poverty-stricken households with 114137 people, with a poverty incidence rate of 46.5%.
Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, the Daguan County Party Committee and County Government conscientiously implemented the work arrangements of the central, provincial and municipal governments on winning the battle against poverty, united and led the people of Daguan to work hard rather than endure hardship, insisted on doing their best to fight and targeted poverty alleviation, and finally lifted themselves out of poverty in May 2020, realizing the butterfly change in the mountain township and entering a new journey of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. In six years, the incidence of poverty has been reduced from 46.5 percent to less than 3 percent, and Daguan County has truly practiced the spirit of gnawing down even the hardest bones, and has shaken off the absolute poverty that has plagued the millennium with hard work and hard work.
If one side is poor, all sides will help
Declare war on poverty, the whole country is united, work together to tackle tough problems, the party, government, military and civilian learning efforts are made in one place, and the east, west, north, south, and middle are twisted into a rope. Under the "three-in-one" poverty alleviation pattern, since 2013, when the first secretary and village-based team were selected to poor villages, by the end of 2020, a total of 255,000 village-based work teams, more than 3 million first secretaries and village-based cadres had been selected and dispatched across the country, and nearly 1 million people were on the job every year to carry out village-based assistance, and nearly 2 million township and town cadres and millions of village cadres were fighting on the front line of poverty alleviation. Poverty alleviation cadres are the "new force" of poverty alleviation, and together with local cadres and masses, they have gathered a majestic force to overcome poverty.
In Daguan County, this "new force" has been organized into a total of 82 teams in the form of village-based poverty alleviation teams, with 350 village-based team members (including 1 team leader and 1 deputy team leader). In Dazhai Village, Shanggaoqiao Township, there are 2,379 laborers, of which 980 are migrant workers, and more than half of the land has been abandoned. Similar to many mountainous villages, the left-behind people are mainly women, children, and the elderly. Looking at the large tracts of abandoned land and the lack of more jobs for those left at home, the village-based poverty alleviation team decided to mobilize the masses to set up professional farmer cooperatives for group development. Initially the masses did not understand and did not support it. The village-based poverty alleviation team, together with the township and village cadres, visited and talked with a number of villager groups, but some people did not support the cooperatives. Some older people mistakenly believe that the cooperatives are the cooperatives of the People's Commune period a few decades ago, believing that at that time, there was a big pot of rice, egalitarianism, and there was not enough food and clothing, and now they are going to follow the old path and do not support it. Some younger masses think that cooperatives are just a few people benefiting, and that the masses have a name on their backs, and if they have benefits, they also go into the pockets of a few people, and they do not believe in the cadres, and they are more resistant. Some people say that if we want to do cooperatives, the government has to give money, and if we don't have money, we won't do it.
In the face of various difficulties, the poverty alleviation team stationed in the village did not discourage, and more firmly used the "133" poverty alleviation work idea of the Zhaotong Municipal Party Committee (that is, adhere to the people-centered, mass work as the main line, grasp the three keys of precision, overall planning, and pragmatism, and strive to achieve the three identities of thought, work, and emotion) to guide the work, insist on doing patient and meticulous mass work, repeatedly run, strive to deal with the masses, repeatedly hold meetings, and communicate repeatedly. From disagreement to identification. The poverty alleviation team stationed in the village mobilized the masses to form professional farmer cooperatives in the three villager groups of Tile Factory, Sihetou and Miaozibian, which have a good mass foundation, introduced improved varieties and good methods, and transferred more than 1,500 acres of abandoned land to develop industries. The first is to vigorously develop the cultivation of seed potatoes in accordance with local conditions; the second is to implement the concept of ecological development, persist in treating ecological construction as industrial development, and plant more than 50 million green trees on the desolate land of Dazhai Village; and third, plant green corn storage and build a 1,800-square-meter cattle pen to vigorously develop cattle breeding. These poverty alleviation measures have helped Dazhai Village enter the fast lane of poverty alleviation, and have also won the support and recognition of the masses.
In Daguan County, poverty alleviation cadres from central units and provincial, municipal, and county-level departments have given up their small homes to take care of everyone, braved the scorching heat and the bitter cold, entered villages and households, and verified the poverty situation. In-depth propaganda of poverty alleviation policies, solid implementation of the "three stresses and three evaluations" (that is, the members of the village-based work team talk about the assistance measures, the village cadres and the poor households with the registration card evaluate the effectiveness of their assistance; the village cadres talk about the performance of their duties, and the members of the village-based work team and the poor households with the registration card evaluate the effectiveness of their work; the poor households with the registration card talk about the poverty alleviation situation, and the village-based work team members and village cadres evaluate their endogenous motivation), strive to strive for resources, unite and lead the masses to get rich.
Do your best to fight and organize efficiently
Poverty alleviation is an all-round, high-intensity, and deep-seated battle for people's livelihood that has never been seen in the history of New China, the history of our party, the history of the Chinese nation, and even the history of mankind, and it is a major challenge to the existing organizational system and organizational capacity of our party and country (that is, the governance system and governance capacity). In order to win the battle of poverty alleviation, all types of local assistance units at all levels have actively selected and strengthened cadres for poverty alleviation, selected outstanding cadres with high political quality, strong professional ability, and love for poverty alleviation work to the front line of poverty alleviation, and at the same time innovated the organizational system to organize and mobilize assistance forces to the greatest extent.
Daguan County's poverty alleviation is to do its best, when the work is the most intense, holidays are canceled, party members and cadres sink to the maximum extent, county-level units only leave people who send and receive documents and keep the phone, many cadres have not returned home for several months, and some female comrades work with children on their backs.
In terms of organizational system, a "five-joint household" system has been established, that is, county-level leaders and township joint households, county-level departments and village joint households, township and town cadres stationed in villages, village cadres by piece joint households, and ordinary party members grouped into joint households, so as to promote party members and cadres to go directly to the grassroots level and sink to the front line of poverty alleviation. At the same time, the "first party branch" system was established, that is, the first party branch of the village was established, and the village-based work team, the cadres linked to the township and township, the cadres of the village "three committees", and the supervisors of some villages were assigned to the first party branch. This party branch does not change the original organizational relationship and subordination of party members, it is temporary, or functional, and actually plays the role of the village poverty alleviation headquarters in its work. In the case that the county has determined the first person responsible for poverty alleviation in each village, in accordance with the principle of matching rights and responsibilities, the township party committee shall appoint the first responsible person to serve as the secretary of the first party branch of the village and the commander of the village poverty alleviation headquarters, and comprehensively lead and coordinate the work of the first party branch and the whole village in poverty alleviation. The first secretary and commander is responsible for convening and presiding over the meeting, and has the authority to arrange, adjust, assess and evaluate the work of the party members of the first branch and the members of the poverty alleviation headquarters. The establishment of the first party branch and the poverty alleviation headquarters around the first responsible person has changed the original governance system that is not fully adapted to the task of poverty alleviation. By adjusting the structure, concentrating forces, and straightening out relations, we will effectively pool the strength and wisdom of all parties to effectively win the battle against poverty.
Doing a good job in party building and promoting poverty alleviation is an important experience for poverty alleviation and prosperity in poor areas. In view of the organizational problems existing in the construction of the rural poverty alleviation team, Daguan County has established a party building leadership system, optimized the organizational settings, innovated the way of activities, focused on improving the organizational strength, highlighted the political function, and truly built the grassroots party organizations into a strong fighting fortress for publicizing the party's ideas, implementing the party's decisions, leading grassroots governance, uniting and mobilizing the masses, and winning the battle against poverty.
Adapt measures to local conditions and implement precise policies
Whether it is the county party committee and county government, or the party, government, military organs, enterprises and institutions that have designated poverty alleviation, the eastern regions and departments of the east-west poverty alleviation cooperation and counterpart support, as well as the provincial, municipal and county-level affiliated units, all regard precision as the core work concept.
Ganding Village, which is linked to the Central Party School (National Academy of Administration), has more than 3,000 acres of natural bamboo forests belonging to the village collective, which is rich in bamboo shoots, bamboo materials, fungi and Chinese medicinal materials in the forest, and are all best-selling products in the market. However, due to the fact that there are only small roads connected and muddy, narrow and rugged, "mud on rainy days and soil on sunny days", a large number of bamboo products, fungi and medicinal materials cannot be transported out and rot into the soil, resulting in the difficulty of turning resources into assets, and the phenomenon of "begging for food with a golden rice bowl and sitting on a cornucopia to live a poor life" appears.
After many on-the-spot inspections and discussions, the school (college) poverty alleviation cadres and the village "three committees" found that the crux of the problem was the road. To this end, the poverty alleviation cadres of the school (college) actively strive for poverty alleviation funds to help Ganding Village build a "poverty alleviation industrial road" leading to the bamboo forest. In June 2019, the construction of the "Poverty Alleviation Industrial Road" in Ganding Village, which has "nine bends and eighteen bends", began. Under the guidance of the precise concept, the construction party uses low-digging slopes as much as possible in accordance with the design idea of "rather filling than digging", and the fill uses medium and low heights as much as possible to minimize the occupation of cultivated land and forest land and less damage to the ecological environment. In order not to miss the construction period, the fuel of the excavator is supplied by the horse every day, after the excavation of the road foundation, the local geological weaker part that occurs, do not backfill at will, and the resulting wedge body is filled with the slurry sheet stone of the corresponding mark, which ensures the engineering quality of the excavation roadbed and lays a good foundation for the paving of the road.
In March 2020, the "Poverty Alleviation Industrial Road" was finally completed. This has greatly improved the efficiency of the masses to go up the mountain to pick bamboo shoots, and the masses have changed from bringing their own dry food to the mountains to pick bamboo shoots in the early morning every day to driving various means of transportation, going up the mountain to pick bamboo shoots in the morning, selling bamboo shoots at noon and going home for dinner, and going up the mountain again in the afternoon to pick bamboo shoots. From the previous bamboo shoot picking once a day to twice a day, up to three times, the efficiency has been improved and the income has been increased. Due to the convenient transportation, nearly 1,000 people go up the mountain to pick bamboo shoots on a day, which is an unprecedented phenomenon in Ganding Village. Carrying the freshly picked bamboo shoots on their backs, the people who picked bamboo shoots were tired, but the smiles on their faces were bright. In 2020, the output of 3,000 acres of natural bamboo forests in Ganding Village was 84.26 tons, with an output value of about 4.0448 million yuan. The construction of this "poverty alleviation industrial road" has promoted the organic unity of economic, social and environmental benefits, so that the collective economy of Ganding Village has not only achieved income growth in the short term, but also achieved sustainable development in a long period of time, laying a solid foundation for Ganding Village to achieve poverty alleviation as scheduled and fully implement the rural revitalization strategy.
China's poverty alleviation is targeted poverty alleviation, and the implementation of the "six precisions" is the target of support, project arrangement, use of funds, measures to households, dispatch of people to villages, and poverty alleviation results. Targeted poverty alleviation is to use full embroidery skills, prescribe the right medicine, precise drip irrigation, and targeted treatment, so as to play a set of targeted poverty alleviation "combination punch", and truly realize the root of poverty and the hat of poverty.
Not afraid of sacrifice, hard work
In the process of poverty alleviation, the vast number of poverty alleviation cadres and the masses in Daguan moved when they heard the order, tried their best, charged ahead, and composed songs of selfless dedication.
Wang Wengui was born in 1980 and has been the chairman of the People's Congress of Yuwan Town, Daguan County since February 2016. During the period of poverty alleviation, he has always been on the front line. Before, he and his wife were just a "weekend couple", and as the attack deepened, they could not see each other for more than a month, and their child had just turned 1 year old. His wife complained to him, but more often than not, she could only support him on weekend after weekend call. On November 10, 2016, just as the town's poverty alleviation entered a difficult stage, their second child was born. As a husband and a father, he couldn't stay with his wife and daughter when his family needed him the most, but went to the countryside in the remote Spider Bay area. When he rushed back to the town covered in mud, it was already dark, and he didn't even have time to eat a bite of food, so he hurriedly reported to the secretary of the town party committee: "Secretary, my wife gave birth to a child today, I want to go back tonight to see, and I will rush back early tomorrow morning." For the family, this iron-clad man is full of guilt, but he has no regrets and throws himself into this tough battle that cannot be lost.
At 4:16 p.m. on June 29, 2018, there were 3 ordinary but precious photos in the WeChat group of cadres and workers in Yuwan Town, which were sent by Wang Wengui. The first is a photo of road construction in Yuwan Town, and the second and third photos are photos of him visiting the people who have been lifted out of poverty in Laojie Village, Yuwan Town. Shortly after the photo was sent, the bad news came that the vehicle he was riding in had been involved in an accident on the way back and had fallen hundreds of meters down the hill. After emergency treatment, Wang Wengui was still injured and the rescue was ineffective, and his life was forever fixed at the age of 38.
"Only when it is difficult can it be more courageous, and only when it is done can it be precious. In the process of poverty alleviation, a number of outstanding poverty alleviation cadres such as Li Baoguo, Zhang Guimei, Huang Wenxiu, and Huang Shiyan have emerged across the country, and more than 1,800 poverty alleviation cadres have sacrificed their precious lives, vividly interpreting the mission of the Communists who are not afraid of sacrifice and benefit the people.
How much dirt is under your feet, how much truth will be precipitated in your heart. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "whether the task of poverty alleviation can be completed depends on the people and the style of the cadre team". In the face of the harsh environment of frequent natural disasters, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee's concept of targeted poverty alleviation, the cadres and masses carried forward the spirit of "preferring hard work rather than hard work", and finally gnawed the hard bones of poverty alleviation and embarked on the happy road of becoming rich and well-off. Daguan's road to poverty alleviation is a vivid practice of the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics, which embodies the institutional advantages of poverty in one party and assistance from all sides, the organizational advantages of efficient organization, the conceptual advantages of adapting measures to local conditions and precise policies, and the spiritual advantages of not being afraid of sacrifice and hard work. The superposition of these advantages has led to touching stories like Daguan County's poverty alleviation and prosperity.
[Author's Affiliation: Teaching and Research Department of Party Building, Party School of the Central Committee (National Academy of Administration)]