As a Sunday to work, today has been especially painful for many.
Thanks to the holiday, although there is a Qingming Festival before April and May Day after it, many people's schedules have also been adjusted.
Why is it so unpleasant to take a day off, and why does it seem like an extra day of work this week, but people feel so tired?
Adjusting for rest makes people feel bitter
The mode of taking a long vacation after the adjustment has a feeling of slapping a sweet date, which seems to be a long vacation, but in fact it is not.
Take this year's May Day as an example, April 28 and May 11 have been moved to working days, and two of the five days of holiday are Saturdays and Sundays. In this way, although May Day seems to have a five-day holiday, it is actually only one day, and "it turns out that May Day has a one-day holiday" has also appeared on Weibo hot search.
May Day Holiday Calendar|Source: Chinese Government Network
This feeling of "being deceived" has caused dissatisfaction among the majority of netizens. Many netizens said that even if there are fewer holidays, it is better than this "make up for holidays" mode of transferring around. The poll released by China News Weekly on Weibo also showed that everyone would prefer "not to take a long holiday" than to take a long holiday.
Of course, the best thing is to have both a non-compensatory holiday and a long vacation|Source: Weibo Actually, I can't blame netizens if I don't want to take a holiday. In the eyes of many people, holidays should be unconditional and cost-free, but compensatory holidays make holidays a costly "pay-back" behavior - the so-called vacations are what we get in exchange for overtime, which will damage people's original expectations and affect the satisfaction gained. Optimism about the future is a beneficial psychological process – it is associated with high levels of life satisfaction and self-esteem, which helps individuals cope effectively with stress and promotes the development of mental functioning. Correspondingly, once this optimistic expectation is disappointed, the individual's self-efficacy will also be attrition to a higher degree than usual, and the individual will have a stronger sense of loss, and negative emotions will follow. Moreover, this year's May Day, not only before the holiday, but also after the holiday, there is also a day off, this kind of make-up shift after the holiday, will make people feel worse, feel that they obviously did not have a good holiday, "loss". The reason why people have this emotion is related to loss aversion. The so-called loss aversion refers to the fact that people are more sensitive to "loss" than "gain", and when people are faced with the same gains and losses, the losses are more unbearable for them, and the psychological stimulation of losses is twice that of the same gains. Cognitive psychologist Daniel Kahneman once experimented that if the coin landed heads, the participant would get $150, and if the coin landed on the tail, the participant would lose $100. Most of the participants rejected the gamble because for most people, the pain of losing $100 was far greater than the joy of getting $150. To some extent, the compensatory rest triggers this psychology in us. Although we have been given a holiday, the compensatory holiday has made us lose our expectation of Friday - without the compensatory holiday, it will be a happy weekend after Friday, and we will also lose the weekend, and the psychological stimulation that people feel under the double "loss" has also multiplied. Luo Qingjun, deputy dean of the National Mental Health Research Institute and the School of Social Psychological Service Industry, told Yiyu that we are more concerned about the occupied weekends and continuous work, and our inner feelings are "my weekends are lost" and "my time is gone". "Although we have been given a holiday, we are still concerned about our 'taken', 'occupied', 'originally mine' rest days, and this pain and loss will overshadow the pleasure of the holiday. Of course, according to the theory of loss aversion, it is not unacceptable if we can get twice as much as we lose (such as double or even triple pay for both working days off). In addition to loss aversion, compensatory leave and self-depletion are also related. The so-called self-depletion refers to the phenomenon that the ability and willingness of an individual to perform subsequent volitional activities are temporarily reduced due to the execution of previous volitional activities. The first few days of normal work have already consumed our self-control, and if we take another day off work, that is, carry out "follow-up volitional activities", our ability and willingness will decrease. So, wouldn't it feel better if you changed the order and took consecutive vacations and then went to work continuously? Luo Qingjun said that resting first and then going to work may make people more tired. "Even if the holiday is compensated, the holiday still exists, and we will retain a certain sense of expectation in our hearts, and this kind of mental support helps us to rebuild the inner order and help relieve the fatigue of continuous work. However, for the continuous rest first, and then continuous work, there is no hope for the rest of life, and people are only left with the fatigue of continuous work, so the fatigue level is higher. In the face of compensatory leave, the first thing to bear the brunt of is our biological clock. The "biological clock" is actually the internal rhythm of human life activities. It has four functions: prompt time, prompt event, maintain state, and terminate state. The fact that we are able to work for a few hours a day depends on the "state maintenance" function of the biological clock.
Source: Picture Worm Creative Under the normal work arrangement, our biological clock is used to maintaining the state and rhythm of the five-day work week. However, this rhythm changes suddenly, which causes the biological clock to be disturbed, which leads to the body's adjustment disorder. Some scholars have used zebrafish as experiments to investigate the effects of circadian clock disorders by artificially intervening in their circadian clock genes. The results of the experiment showed that mutations in the biological clock gene led to a decrease in dopamine levels and increased aggression in zebrafish.
Changes in aggression in zebrafish|Source: Effect of Perlb mutation of circadian clock gene on motor behavior and cognitive function in zebrafish At the same time, the melatonin content in zebrafish increased during the daytime, which inhibited the learning and memory ability during the day.
Memory changes in zebrafish|Source: Study on the effect of Perlb mutation of circadian clock gene on zebrafish motor behavior and cognitive function Although the above study was based on zebrafish, the mechanism of action of the circadian clock is similar in different organisms. The disorder of the body's biological clock will also cause us to have problems such as decreased learning ability, memory loss, and dopamine decrease. Therefore, when we work overtime and take time off, we often feel that our brains cannot turn, our emotions are irritable, and our bodies are especially tired, which is precisely because of the physiological dysfunction caused by the disorder of the biological clock. In addition, an extra day may not seem like much, but people are not suitable for working too long a week, and working beyond a certain time limit can reduce people's physical health. According to a study by a scholar at the Faculty of Economics at Kyoto Sangyo University, there is a non-linear relationship between working hours and human health. The optimal working hours per week are about 25~30 hours, and exceeding this limit may lead to a decline in health. Among them, the optimal working hours for white-collar workers are shorter, about 20~25 hours per week.
Inverted U-shaped relationship|Source: "Use It Too Much and Lose It? The Effect of Working Hours on Cognitive Ability Even according to research from the Universities of Cambridge and Salford, working only eight hours a week is the most healthy option. If the number of hours worked per week can be controlled within this range, the risk of mental illness can be reduced by 30%. The compensatory time off has undoubtedly increased people's weekly working hours (although the 5-day work week and 8 hours a day are also "overtime" when the non-compensatory time off is not compensated), affecting people's mental health. And, if you're always overworked, it can also lead to "do one job, hate one line" burnout. Burnout refers to symptoms of emotional exhaustion that occur at work. The higher the level of burnout, the worse the level of mental health. In a survey of nurses, for example, working more than 50 hours per week increased the percentage of severe burnout from 39.9% to 61.4%. There is a similar distribution of hours worked and burnout data for other occupations.
The relationship between nurses' weekly working hours and burnout|Source: Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of nurses' burnout》 In addition, in terms of specific physical health risks, according to the research report released by the World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization, working more than 55 hours per week can increase the risk of stroke by 35% and the risk of dying from ischemic heart disease by 17% compared with working 35-40 hours per week.
工作≥55小时/周的缺血性心脏病和中风的死亡人数和死亡率|图源：Environment International 尽管这种风险的增加可能依赖于长期的超时工作，偶尔一次的调休不会直接造成如此严重的影响，但实验结果也足以说明连续的长时间工作对人体的有害影响。 所以说，调休上班不但真会让人心情不好，身体上也是真的干不动。 不过，今天也有一个“好消息”：一共两个调休日，已经度过一天了！ 参考文献[1]芦婷.工作时长与员工满意度的曲线关系-工作自主性的调节作用[D].浙江财经大学,2020.DOI:10.27766/d.cnki.gzjcj.2020.000315. [2] Frank P ,Bálint N ,C. N M , et al. Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury[J]. Environment International,2021,(prepublish):106595-. [3] Colin M ,Kei S ,Shinya K . USE IT TOO MUCH AND LOSE EVERYTHING? THE EFFECTS OF HOURS OF WORK ON HEALTH[J]. Innovation in Aging,2019,3(Supplement1):S940-S940. [3]张倩,张秀军,胡成洋,等.护士职业倦怠现状及其影响因素分析[J].蚌埠医学院学报,2021,46(02):232-236.DOI:10.13898/j.cnki.issn.1000-2200.2021.02.025. [4]李明苹,卢家楣.累觉不爱？基于自我损耗降低未来乐观期望的研究证据[J].心理研究,2022,15(02):126-131+159.DOI:10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2022.02.006. [5]何雄.生物钟基因perlb突变对斑马鱼运动行为及认知功能的影响研究[D].苏州大学,2012.
Author: Min Min Song Qiyu Editor: Chen Yanni Duty Editor: Min Min
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