The quantum technology industry has become a key commanding heights of global competition, and it is also the forefront of scientific and technological innovation. In addition, quantum computing has broken the traditional computing framework and become a key force to break through the limitations of computing power and lead the rapid development of new qualitative productivity.
In recent years, national policies have vigorously supported the field of quantum science. In March this year, the State Council once again emphasized the strategic layout of emerging fields such as quantum information, which will accelerate the rapid development of the quantum industry.
According to ICV's research data, the quantum computing industry is expected to enter a rapid growth trajectory by 2027, and is expected to reach a market size of more than $800 billion by 2035, and is expected to be the first to be applied in fields such as finance, chemicals, and life sciences.
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Overview of the quantum computing industry
Relying on the principle of quantum mechanics, quantum information technology realizes the perception, calculation and transmission of information by accurately preparing, regulating and measuring the physical state in microscopic quantum systems.
The two core properties of quantum information are the "superposition" of quantum and the "entanglement" of quantum.
The former allows a quantum system to exist in multiple states at the same time, opening up new possibilities for parallel computing and information storage, while the latter reveals deep correlations between quantum particles, opening up new avenues for applications such as unconditional secure communication and ultra-high-precision measurements.
Quantum information includes the three core fields of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum measurement, and has the potential to surpass classical information technology.
Quantum Information Diagram:
Source: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Among them, quantum computing is the core component of quantum information technology, and it is a new computing mode that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to manipulate quantum information units.
Quantum computing has significant advantages in solving problems that are difficult to reach by classical computing, such as macromolecule simulation and large-number prime factor factorization, mainly focusing on quantum simulation, quantum combinatorial optimization and quantum linear algebra. At present, it has been widely used in many industries such as chemical, financial and pharmaceutical.
Compared with traditional computing, quantum computing provides more powerful parallel computing power and low energy consumption, and its computing power increases exponentially with the increase in the number of qubits.
It is estimated that the R&D cost of a 400-bit quantum computer, including software and hardware, algorithm development, and subsequent maintenance and operating costs, will cost about $15.45 million, and the market price can reach about $51.5 million.
In terms of hardware technology, quantum computing has shown a diversified development trend, which is mainly divided into artificial particle routes such as superconducting and silicon semiconductors, and natural particle routes such as ion traps, optical quanta and neutral atoms. At present, it is in the stage of open competition, and there is no obvious comprehensive advantage of a certain technical route, but superconducting technology is considered to be one of the "seed players" who are expected to take the lead in breaking through the application, and the neutral atomic route has also sprung up. #量子##量子计算##量子科技##科技##财经##量子通信#
From the perspective of technical architecture, hybrid quantum computing or mass hyperconvergence has become the future development trend.
Quantum computing industry chain combing
At present, many quantum computing ecosystems around the world are booming, and many enterprises are participating in them, and the ecological chain of the quantum computing industry has been initially formed from upstream research and development to midstream technology application and finally to the downstream market.
Diagram of the quantum computing industry chain and some representative manufacturers:
Source: China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
With the gradual advancement of the R&D routes of quantum computers, the selection of upstream hardware equipment and devices required for the whole machine is gradually clear
In the middle of the industrial chain, there are complete machines, system software and application software, and quantum computing prototypes and related software have become the focus of this link. At present, rapid progress has been made in the technical routes of superconductivity, ion traps, optical quantum, silicon semiconductors and neutral atoms.
Including downstream links, it covers the quantum cloud platform and application cooperation in multiple fields. The quantum computing cloud platform combines quantum computer hardware with classical cloud computing software tools, communication equipment, and IT infrastructure, and users can remotely call the computing power of quantum computers through quantum cloud services. At present, the quantum cloud platform is gradually becoming the mainstream way of quantum computing computing power output, and many companies including international giants IBM, Google and Amazon are participating in it.
Quantum computing market competition pattern and leading combing
From the perspective of industrial development, the quantum computing industry is still in the early stage of exploration, and there are few core participants.
From the perspective of the current competitive landscape, IBM, Google, IONQ and other companies are leading the industry in superconducting technology and ion trap technology. In addition, NVIDIA has also launched the CUDA Quantum layout quantum computing system, and companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and Google have also released their own quantum computing roadmaps.
In recent years, the mainland has also made a number of breakthroughs in the field of quantum computing. On January 16, 2024, the third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Origin Wukong" independently developed by the mainland was successfully put into operation, and the "Origin Wukong" can issue and execute up to 200 quantum lines of computing tasks at one time, showing a significant speed advantage compared with similar quantum computers in the world.
Leading domestic quantum production companies are also accelerating the development of the industry, and the leading military enterprises in China mainly include Guodun Quantum, Origin Quantum, Guoyi Quantum, Qike Quantum, Science and Technology National Innovation, etc., as well as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Telecom Quantum Information Technology Group, etc.
In addition, there are many upstream and downstream manufacturers in the quantum industry, including scientific data, China Information Technology, China Great Wall, Fudan Microelectronics, Accelink, Hengtong Optoelectronics, as well as encrypted communication links such as Dianke Network Security, Jida Zhengyuan, Geer Software, Guoxin Technology, Zhejiang Dongfang, etc.
epilogue
At present, global quantum technology is still in the early stage of development, and there is still a need for breakthroughs in industrial technology upgrading and application. In the long run, with the gradual development of innovation in the combination of technology and industry, quantum information technology is expected to drive the industrial chain and empower industry applications, and usher in a broad market space.
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