Abstract:Organic agriculture pays attention to the balance of the ecosystem and the natural cycle, reduces the pollution and damage to the environment, and meets the needs of consumers for healthy and safe food. In recent years, organic agriculture production methods have been widely promoted around the world, covering more than 100 countries, the area of organic agriculture and the number of growers are increasing year by year, and the industry is showing a good development trend. In 2023, the scale of the mainland organic food market will achieve rapid growth, reaching a scale of about 107 billion yuan, successfully ranking among the ranks of the market size of 100 billion yuan.
1. Definitions and Classification
Organic agriculture refers to the planting industry that completely or basically does not use synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and livestock and poultry feed additives in production, and uses organic fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of crops, or the breeding industry that uses organic feed to meet the nutritional needs of livestock and poultry. There are various ways to classify organic agriculture, among which, according to the mode of production, organic agriculture can be divided into organic agriculture in planting industry and organic agriculture in breeding industry.
Second, industry policies
Organic agriculture focuses on the balance of ecosystems and natural cycles, reduces pollution and damage to the environment, and meets consumers' needs for healthy and safe food. In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of organic agriculture and has introduced a series of supportive policies. These policies not only strengthen the certification and management of green food, organic agricultural products and agricultural products with geographical indications, but also promote the standardization and standardization of the organic agriculture industry. For example, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly require strengthening the certification and management of relevant agricultural products in the "Implementation Opinions on the Deployment of Key Agricultural and Rural Work in 2020", and actively explore the establishment of technology, standards, industries, operations, policies, digital and other systems for green agriculture. This provides comprehensive guidance and support for the development of organic agriculture. In June 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Development of Modern Facility Agriculture", which further emphasizes the principles of green development and ecological priority, promotes the intensive and economical use of resources, strengthens environmental protection in production areas, and actively promotes the construction of national agricultural green development pilot zones. Overall, with the implementation of policies and measures such as strengthening certification and management, establishing a green agricultural system, and promoting intensive and economical use of resources and environmental protection, it will provide a strong guarantee for the healthy and orderly development of the organic agriculture industry.
Third, the development process
The development of organic agriculture in China can be traced back to the 80s of the 20th century, and the significant sign of this period is the entry of foreign certification bodies, marking the initial start of China's organic food certification and trade. In addition, in 1984, China Agricultural University took the lead in the research and development of ecological agriculture and organic food in the country, laying a preliminary foundation for the development of organic agriculture in China. In the early to mid-90s, with the deepening of the understanding of organic agriculture, China began to set up its own certification body, and based on foreign standards to formulate recommended standards for industries or departments, opening the road of localized development of organic agriculture. It is worth mentioning that the export of organic tea from Zhejiang in 1990 marked the official launch of organic agriculture in China. At this stage, China's organic products are mainly oriented to overseas markets, and the domestic market is still in its infancy. After 2000, with the increase in demand for foreign organic products, the domestic organic market has gradually developed, especially in 2005, China promulgated the national standard for organic products (GB/T 19630), which provides clear specifications for the production and market operation of organic products and promotes the healthy development of the industry. At present, with the continuous promotion of the concept of "green" and "organic", organic agriculture has gradually become an important direction for the development of China's agricultural modernization.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
Organic agricultural production requires the mastery of specific planting, breeding and management techniques to ensure that agricultural products meet organic standards. These technologies include soil improvement, pest control, and the use of organic fertilizers, which require companies to have the corresponding professional knowledge and practical experience. For enterprises that lack relevant technology and experience, entering the organic agriculture market will face greater technical challenges.
2. Capital barriers
Organic agriculture usually requires a high initial investment, including land lease, infrastructure construction, equipment purchase, etc. In addition, due to the long cycle of organic agricultural production, the capital recovery cycle is also relatively long, which requires enterprises to have sufficient financial strength and stable cash flow. For enterprises with limited funds, entering the organic agriculture market will face greater financial pressure.
3. Certification barriers
Organic farming products need to be certified by the relevant certification bodies to prove that they meet organic standards and requirements. These certification processes usually involve rigorous review and inspection, requiring companies to provide detailed production records, product testing reports, etc. The certification process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also requires a certain amount of certification fees. For companies that lack certification experience or are unwilling to invest in certification, entering the organic agriculture market will face certification barriers.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
After years of development, the mainland organic agriculture industry chain has taken shape. Among them, the upstream link mainly includes the supply of organic seeds, organic fertilizers and organic pesticides and other means of production. The midstream link is mainly the production and processing process of organic agriculture. The downstream link mainly involves the sales and marketing of organic agricultural products. Organic agricultural products need to enter the market through various sales channels, including organic food specialty stores, supermarkets, e-commerce platforms, etc. During the sales process, the relevant certification and labeling requirements need to be adhered to so that consumers can identify and purchase genuine organic products.
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