The following article comes from Dr. Youlai, the author Xiaoyi
Hyperglycemia is one of the main features of diabetes, and long-term hyperglycemia can lead to insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion, which can lead to diabetes.
Although many people have no obvious symptoms when their blood sugar rises, it is possible that we do not see some details well. Among them, abnormal urination is a very important signal that requires special vigilance.
Frequent urination, increased nocturia
Most patients often have no obvious symptoms in the early stage of diabetes, and some patients may have symptoms of "three more and one less", among which the typical symptoms of urination are frequent urination and increased nocturia.
Diabetic patients will experience symptoms of increased urine output and frequent urination due to the increase in blood sugar and water intake in the body.
In general, the higher the blood sugar in people with diabetes, the more glucose they contain in their urine, and the greater the urine output.
When the patient is in a state of high blood sugar content for a long time, the renal tubules cannot completely absorb the glucose filtered by the glomeruli, and eventually osmotic diuresis appears, resulting in frequent urination and increased nocturia, and many patients often have to get up 3~4 times at night.
Therefore, if this situation occurs, you should be alert to the symptoms of diabetes and seek medical attention in time.
Foamy urine
Normally, a small amount of foam is produced during urination, but it disappears quickly.
If there is an abnormality in some components of the urine, the foam in the urine may increase, and the foam will not disappear for a long time.
When diabetic patients have poor blood sugar control, if the content of glucose or ketones or protein in the urine increases, the surface tension of the urine increases, which leads to excessive excretion of protein in the urine, that is, more foam will be found in the urine.
In addition, if a diabetic patient is complicated by a urinary tract infection, the content of red blood cells and white blood cells in the urine is significantly increased, and foam may appear in the urine.
In addition, when diabetic patients have a long course of disease, they are prone to microangiopathy, and in more severe cases, it is easy to lead to diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy can lead to an increase in urine foam in diabetic patients, which is one of the typical symptoms of diabetic nephropathy.
Urine has an unusual odor
Odorous urine is one of the common symptoms of diabetes, and it can smell worse if blood sugar control is not ideal.
If the patient's blood sugar is not well controlled for a long time, when the insulin action is severely insufficient, there will be an increase in the breakdown of its own tissues caused by hyperglycemia, and the metabolite ketone body will be produced.
Ketoacidosis in diabetic patients will have the smell of rotten apples when ketones are excreted in the urine, and when the patient exhales, the smell of breath will also volatilize the smell of rotten apples.
Such patients should go to the hospital in time to check urine routine, blood glucose, ketone, etc., and carry out symptomatic treatment after a clear diagnosis.
If you want to stay away from complications of diabetes, keep in mind the 3 "9s"
①第一个9：血糖要低于13.9mmol/L
If the blood sugar of diabetic patients continues to exceed 13.9, accompanied by dry mouth, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss or the smell of rotten apples, it is necessary to be highly vigilant and seek medical attention in time.
②第二个9：血糖要高于3.9mmol/L
This is a sign of low blood sugar, which is more serious than high blood sugar for people with diabetes.
糖尿病患者空腹血糖要求控制在6.5~7.5mmol/L，餐后两小时血糖数值控制在7.5~8.5mmol/L。
Diabetic patients are different from normal people, normal people's blood sugar drops, and the secretion of insulin will also decrease, which is very sensitive.
The secretion value of insulin in diabetic patients does not match the blood glucose value, and when the blood sugar drops, insulin may be resecreted, which is very prone to hypoglycemia, inducing symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, sweating, and even coma and convulsions in severe cases.
(3) The third 9: glycosylated hemoglobin should be less than 9.0%
Glycosylated hemoglobin is the product of glycosylation of glucose in blood and hemoglobin in red blood cells, and the normal control standard of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients is 4%~5.9%, which means that the recent blood sugar is within the normal range.
When the value is in the range of 6%~7%, it proves that the blood glucose control is ideal, and if it is in the range of 7%~8%, it means that the blood sugar control is average.
When the glycosylated hemoglobin value is 8%~9%, it proves that the blood sugar control is not up to standard.
When the glycosylated hemoglobin value is high, it means that the blood sugar level is poorly controlled, and it is necessary to go to the hospital in time to readjust the medication, diet, exercise and other aspects according to the cause under the guidance of the doctor to avoid serious complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, ketoacidosis, etc.
A table to solve the problem of eating for patients with high blood sugar
For pre-diabetic patients, it is important to follow the principle of "keep your mouth shut and open your legs" to reverse the risk of diabetics.
In terms of eating, first of all, we must quit "eating and drinking freely", we can't eat whatever we want, eat as much as we want, and we need to properly control calorie intake.
According to their age, gender, height, weight and other factors, determine the total daily calorie requirements, and reasonably distribute them to three meals a day, and highly implement the principle of eating less and eating more often.
Secondly, we should pay attention to the rational collocation, try to choose foods with low glycemic index, and the staple food is mainly coarse grains and miscellaneous grains, such as millet, black rice, buckwheat, etc.; you can also choose corn, potatoes, yams, etc. to replace the staple grains, and at the same time, we should also make the food as diverse as possible to avoid being too monotonous, and you can eat more green vegetables.
When eating, it is recommended to eat vegetables first and then eat to delay the digestion of starch and slow down the rate of glucose entering the blood, which is more conducive to blood sugar stability.
It is recommended that "hyperglycemic patients" can eat like this:
Note: The GI value is the glycemic index value
Warm reminder, try not to sit down within half an hour after eating, you can do some low-intensity exercises, such as walking, washing dishes, cleaning, etc., which is not only beneficial to postprandial blood sugar control, but also helps digestion.
Recommended daily aerobic exercises: jogging, climbing, climbing, swimming, rowing, ball games, running, etc.