Why do you get diabetes when you are pregnant, and how to treat it? Imagine an expectant future mother who is told that her blood sugar levels are abnormal during a routine check-up in the second trimester, and the doctor diagnoses her with gestational diabetes. The news not only caused her great psychological stress, but also made her worry about her safety in the coming months and even during childbirth. This is not an isolated case, in fact, more and more pregnant women are facing similar challenges during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes not only affects the health of the mother, but can also have long-term effects on the development of the fetus. Why do some pregnant women develop gestational diabetes, what are the signs of this condition, and how can we detect and manage it at an early stage? This article will explain in detail the causes, diagnostic process and treatment of gestational diabetes, and provide practical prevention and management strategies to help pregnant women and their families cope with this challenge and ensure the health of mothers and babies. Our goal is to eliminate the fear of gestational diabetes and to empower every pregnant woman to have a safe and healthy pregnancy through the power of knowledge.
Abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnancy: definition and status
Definition: What is abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy?
Abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnancy (GDM), commonly known as gestational diabetes, is when abnormal blood sugar levels are first diagnosed during pregnancy. This condition is usually detected in the second trimester, especially in the second to third trimester of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes does not mean that a woman has diabetes before she becomes pregnant, or that she will continue to have diabetes after giving birth, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. Epidemiology: How common is gestational diabetes?According to the latest research, about 1 to 2 out of every 10 pregnant women will develop gestational diabetes. This proportion varies depending on geographical location, genetic background and lifestyle. Diabetes not only affects the health of the pregnant woman, but can also have long-term effects on the fetus, such as oversized and hypoglycemia after birth.
Pathogenesis: Why do pregnant women have abnormal glucose metabolism?
Hormonal changes and insulin resistance: During pregnancy, there are significant changes in hormone levels in a woman's body, especially placental hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin, which affect the action of insulin. Insulin is a key hormone that helps the body's cells absorb and utilize blood sugar. Increased insulin resistance during pregnancy means that the body's cells respond less to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise. Lifestyle and genetic factors play a key role in the development of gestational diabetes in addition to physiological changes. Unhealthy eating habits, lack of exercise and being overweight can all increase the risk of gestational diabetes. In addition, women with a family history of diabetes are more likely to develop gestational diabetes. The purpose of this section is to provide readers with a basic understanding of gestational diabetes and an estimate of the risk of developing it, to help pregnant women take preventive measures, and to seek timely medical intervention if necessary. Through an in-depth interpretation of these key messages, pregnant women and their families can better understand and manage the risks and challenges of diabetes metabolism during pregnancy.
Diagnosing gestational diabetes: timely detection to ensure safe pregnancy Abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy is usually detected in the second trimester. Diagnosis is based on two main blood glucose tests: fasting blood glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). First of all, all pregnant women undergo OGTT at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, without fasting. This test involves measuring fasting blood sugar levels first, then taking a drink containing 75 grams of glucose, continuing to test blood sugar levels after 1 hour and 2 hours. If blood glucose is exceeded at any point in time, the diagnosis of gestational glucose metabolism is abnormal. Treatment of gestational diabetes: a practical guide: dietary managementThe primary strategy for managing gestational diabetes is dietary modification. A low-sugar, high-fiber diet is recommended, with an increase in vegetables, whole grains, and foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish. Avoiding foods high in sugar and processed foods is a basic principle. In addition, a dispersed diet, which involves eating small meals at different times a day, can help keep blood sugar stable.
Physical activity: Moderate physical activity is very beneficial for blood sugar control. Safe activities, such as walking and yoga, are recommended for most pregnant women. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week can significantly help control blood sugar levels. However, every pregnant woman should consult with a doctor before starting any exercise routine to ensure that the activity is safe. Medications: Medications may be needed when diet and exercise are not effective in controlling blood sugar. The most commonly used is insulin therapy because it safely crosses the placenta and does not affect the fetus. In some cases, oral hypoglycemic drugs may also be considered, but this needs to be done under strict supervision by a physician. Blood glucose monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar is key to treating gestational diabetes. Pregnant women should follow their doctor's instructions to monitor and record their daily blood glucose levels using a home blood glucose monitor. These data are essential for adjusting diet, activity, and medication treatment plans. Through the above measures, gestational diabetes can be effectively managed and the safety of pregnancy and childbirth can be guaranteed. It's important to communicate closely with your healthcare provider and adjust your treatment plan based on your individual situation.