Peach tree leaf shrinkage disease has entered the peak period, and the incidence of peach leaf shrinkage disease in some orchards is very serious, so that there is early defoliation of peach trees, which weakens the tree strength in the field.
According to the experience of peach tree planting management over the years, from late April to early to mid-May is the "incubation period" of peach gum disease pathogens invading peach trees, fruit farmers should choose chemical agents in a timely manner according to the actual situation of field production, and carry out a comprehensive drug prevention and control of peach gum disease, so as to inhibit or avoid, reduce the harm of peach gum disease to peach trees, and ensure the high-quality and high yield of peach fruits and the planting benefits of fruit farmers.
Picture 01~02): Field symptoms of peach gum disease
Peach gum disease, also known as verrucous dermatosis or tumor dermosis, is a disease that seriously endangers the growth and development of peach trees and the quality of fruits. In the previous pictures and texts of Qingjiang Crane, there are "In March, the peach does a good job of "wart skin" protection, but the flowers are beautiful and beautiful, and the enchanting and charming people" and "What kind of medicine is used to prevent and control peach tree leaf shrinkage disease?7 types of "special drugs" for you to choose from" and other articles, interested friends can climb the building to read.
In this issue, Qingjiang Crane will focus on and chat with all the teachers about the relevant knowledge of peach tree gum disease, aiming to introduce in detail the symptoms and pathogenesis of peach gum disease in the field, and put forward effective prevention and control strategies and precautions, in order to provide practical reference for the majority of peach tree growers. I hope it will be helpful to you, and actively participate in the interactive comments, forward and share the pictures and texts of this issue.
Picture 03~04): high-quality and high-yield peach fruit
Identification and diagnosis of the pathogenesis of peach gum disease in the field:
According to the cause of the disease, "peach tree gum disease" can be divided into "infectious peach gum disease" and "non-infectious peach gum disease".
"Infectious peach gum disease" is a fungal disease that harms the branches and fruits of peach trees caused by the invasion of "semi-known fungi and fungi" into the peach tree plant after the incubation period, which is called "verrucous disease" or "tumor skin disease" of peach trees. Peach gum disease that requires fungal agents to correct.
The "non-infected peach gum disease" is caused by non-fungal disease, such as the "discomfort" of the growth and development environment of peach trees, which is a physiological "gum flow", which does not need to be corrected with fungal agents, but can be corrected by adjusting the planting environment.
For example, measures such as "adjustment of land poverty", "adjustment of load capacity", "adjustment of soil moisture", "change of varieties" and so on.
Picture 05~06): Peach cultivated in open field and facilities
The main manifestations of peach gum disease in the field are damage to peach branches and fruits.
On the branches, the affected area is initially swollen and forms nodulous protrusions, and as the disease progresses, the skin gradually cracks, overflowing with colorless, transparent or brown-colored gelatinous fluid.
These gelatinous liquids become hard lumps that adhere to the epidermis of the branches after they are dried. When the damage is severe, the bark will become swollen and rough, the cortex and xylem will turn brown, the tissue will die, and ulcers will form.
In terms of fruits, the damaged fruits are brown and rotten at the beginning, and with the development of the disease, the surface of the fruit is gradually densely populated with punctate matter, and when the humidity is high, the pit mouth will overflow with white gelatinous matter, resulting in a serious decline in fruit quality and inedible.
Picture 07~08): Physiological fruit drop period of peach trees
The occurrence of peach gum disease is related to the temperature and the growth and development environment of peach trees:
The incidence of peach gum disease in the field is closely related to the influence of a variety of adverse factors.
The pathogenic bacteria of "infectious peach tree flow gum disease" overwinters in the damaged branches and other diseased residues with mycelium and conidia, and spreads through wind and rain in March ~ April of the following spring, invades from the skin pores, wounds and side buds of peach trees, and "lurks" in the branches. When the temperature rises to 15 °C and above, the peach tree begins to develop the disease, and the faster and higher the temperature rises, the more parts of the peach tree flow gum, and the more serious the disease.
"Non-infective peach tree flow gum" is related to many "external" objective factors, such as "age of peach trees", "number of peach trees bearing fruit", "differences between peach tree varieties", "soil fertility environment of peach tree planting" and "amount of rainfall during the growth and development period of peach trees".
Picture 09~10): "Incubation Period" of Peach Tree Gum Disease
For example, white peach varieties are not as resistant to "peach gum disease" as yellow peach varieties, "the incidence of old peach trees is higher than that of young trees", and the incidence of "peach gum disease" of peach trees planted on clay and fertile soil is higher than that of peach trees planted on "sandy soil" and "gravel soil". The peach trees that were "overloaded" in the previous year basically could not escape the "circle" of the "peach flow gum tree" in the following year. At the turn of spring and summer, under the background of heavy rainfall, the occurrence and flourishing of peach gelatinous disease are all in our "expectations".
From the perspective of the pathogenesis process, there are two peak periods of the disease during the annual growth and development of peach trees, which are from late May to early June and early August to early September. However, the "first peak" of obvious incidence is stronger than the "second peak of onset". Regardless of the onset period, the prevention and treatment of peach gum disease should not be underestimated. Do not lag in the process of daily management, there is a lag and dislocation management, otherwise, the peach gum disease is flourishing, and you will not be able to "clean up".
Picture 11~12): Peach tree disease is dead
The "critical temperature" for the onset of peach gum disease is about 15°C. May ~ September is the peak period, which is related to high temperature and precipitation. After the temperature dropped in mid to late September, the incidence of peach gum disease gradually weakened until it stopped.
When the peach tree gum disease occurs, the gum can be exuded from the affected area, and the incidence gradually increases with the increase of temperature. From the perspective of actual production, there are "three parts" of the disease of the flow gum disease is more serious: first, the base of the erect branch of the peach tree is seriously affected. The second is that the side of the lateral branch to the ground is seriously affected. The third is that the parts of the peach tree branches that are prone to water accumulation are seriously ill.
In addition, poor soil, large fruiting volume, and water accumulation at branch branches can induce gum disease. There were also differences in the resistance of peach trees to convective gum disease among different strains, and the white peach strains were relatively resistant to the disease.
Picture 13~14): The "incubation period" of peach gum disease in the field
Comprehensive prevention and control measures of peach tree gum disease in the field:
For the effective prevention and control of peach gum disease, it is necessary to start from two aspects: agricultural control and chemical control.
In terms of agricultural control, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and management of orchards, maintain fertile soil, control the amount of peach trees that bear fruit, apply fertilizer and water regularly, enhance tree strength and improve the resistance of peach trees.
At the same time, reasonable pruning of branches, reasonable fruit thinning to maintain the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree, reduce the occurrence of "bugs" and other pests and diseases.
In addition, whitening the trunk in winter and spring is also an effective preventive measure, and the main trunk can be whitened twice in winter and summer to reduce the damage of pest and disease infestation and radiant heat "sunburn".
In low-lying peach orchards, it is recommended to harvest high compartments for cultivation to reduce the groundwater level and avoid the occurrence of peach root diseases. Try to prune the peach tree during the dormant period to reduce the wounds on the peach branches. Farming practices are standardized, and no mechanical damage is caused to peach trees.
Picture 15~16): Peach gum disease begins to "flow gum"
In terms of chemical control, Zhongshengmycin, allicin chloramphenicol, antibacterial agent 402, carbendazim methyl thiophanate, octycamamine acetate and other agents can be sprayed or brushed to inhibit and control the development of the disease.
Before the peach tree germinates, spraying stone sulfur mixture and other agents can kill the germs after overwintering and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
3 precautions for the prevention and control of peach tree gum disease:
In the process of prevention and control of peach tree gum disease, it is necessary to pay attention to the following three aspects:
First of all, it is necessary to regularly check the growth of peach trees, and take timely prevention and control measures to find that the diseased plants in the center of pests and diseases should be prevented and controlled, so as not to delay the best time for prevention and control.
Picture 17~18): Manifestation of peach gum disease on branches
Secondly, when using chemical pesticides, it is necessary to pay attention to the safe interval of pesticide use to avoid adverse effects on peach trees and the environment. Sometimes the agent is sensitive to peach trees and it is best not to use it. There are many common chemical agents for peach tree gum disease, which can be seen in limited space, so Qingjiang Crane will not repeat it here, and further share it in the future picture and text sharing.
In addition, for peach trees that are susceptible to gum disease caused by mechanical damage and frost damage, orchard management should be strengthened, and measures such as soil cultivation, fumigation, and canopy cover should be taken to prevent freezing.
Finally, it is necessary to pay attention to comprehensive measures and comprehensively use a variety of methods to prevent and control in order to achieve the best prevention and control effect.
Picture 19~20): microbial agents are used for peach gelatinosis
Words written at the end:
Peach gum disease is a serious disease in the growth process of peach trees, which has a serious impact on the growth and development of peach trees and fruit quality. By understanding the field symptoms, incidence patterns and effective prevention and control strategies of peach gum disease, we can better prevent and control the occurrence of peach gum disease.
At the same time, measures such as strengthening the management of peach orchards, improving the comprehensive resistance of peach trees, and rationally using chemical pesticides are also important means to prevent and control peach gum disease. I hope this article can provide some practical reference and help for the majority of peach tree growers.
Picture 21~22): Peach orchard without peach gum disease