Trade-offs, weight-weighing.
After the unification of Qin, the weights and measures were unified,
So, how was "weight and capacity" weighed and calculated in ancient times?
How was "capacity and weight" calculated in ancient times?
Millet Rice: The most basic
"Millet" refers to sticky rhubarb rice,
Millet is a grain that can be counted,
This is the most basic unit for calculating capacity and weight.
黍-甲骨文
Mill - Jinwen
黍-小篆
Let's take a look at how much "millet" was originally used
To measure the weight and the size of the container—
Millet rice, commonly known as rhubarb rice.
How is the "capacity" calculated?
【龠】
An ancient unit of capacity, equal to a half-combined
The measurer, in accordance with the order of "Gong, He, Sheng, Dou, Hu",
Container capacity from less to more,
The shape of the container is small to large.
According to the Hanshu Chronicles:
(1) 龠: 1,200 millet
This refers to a wind instrument, pronounced yuè.
As an ancient unit of capacity, it is equal to a half-combined.
One piece can hold 1,200 grains of millet.
(2) Combination: Combination is combination;
As an ancient unit of volume, pronounced gě sound,
One is equal to two.
Ichigo,
This is equivalent to the capacity of 2400 grains of millet that can be accommodated.
(3) liters: ten in liters;
(4) Bucket: Ten liters for bucket;
(5) Hu: Ten buckets for Hu.
litre
Doo
Hu
How is the "weight" calculated?
According to the records of the Hanshu and the Chronicles of the Law:
The right refers to the five rights. Weighing hammers
"Five rights" refers to "baht, two, jin, jun, and stone (䄷)".
Qin Tongquan
(1) Thread, the weight of ten millets.
(2) Baht, the weight of the weight of ten threads.
(3) Two and twenty-four baht are one tael.
(4) catties, sixteen taels. (There is no word in the catty, and the catty of the wood is chopped.) ）
(5) Jun, thirty catties.
(6) Stone (䄷), one hundred and twenty pounds.
Right - called the hammer
What this means here is:
(1) 絫(léi),十黍之重
[黍] - millet - millet is the weight of a millet ;
[絫] - 絫, the weight of ten millet
"絫", the same as "tired", refers to accumulation.
"Silk", the weight of ten grains, refers to the weight of "accumulating ten grains of millet".
Ten threads are the thread, and ten threads are the baht.
Those who say "ten threads" mean "one hundred millet".
It must be said that the weight of the ten is the first word.
It also makes "baht, two, jin, jun, and stone (䄷)", and the number of millet can be counted.
One 龠 (yuè) holds 1,200 millet and 12 baht.
(2) Baht: The weight of the weight.
"One Baht",
Equivalent to the weight of "ten threads of millet rice",
It is also equivalent to the weight of "100 grains of millet".
Han five baht, equivalent to the weight of "five hundred grains of millet rice";
It is also equivalent to the weight of 5/24 taels
Han five baht
The "two" of "half a tael" in Qin, the "baht" of "five baht" in the Han Dynasty
are all expressed in the weight of each bronze coin,
(3) Two: Two 龠 is two.
It refers to "two pounds, twenty-four baht for two".
"One tael" is equivalent to the weight of "twenty-four baht".
"Liang" refers to the weight of millet (yuè).
"One 龠" has a capacity of 1,200 grains of millet and refers to the capacity of "1,200 grains of millet rice";
and "two grains" is the capacity of "2,400 grains of millet";
一龠 is semi-combined (gě),
Two 龠 for one 合 (gě),
"Two" is "two of them",
"One hop millet rice" is "one tael" weight.
"One tael" is equivalent to the weight of "one combination" of millet rice;
It is equivalent to "two thousand four hundred millet rice."
"One tael" is also equivalent to the weight of "twenty-four baht".
"Qin half tael" money,
refers to the "half tael" weight of each coin;
"Qin half tael" is also equivalent to the weight of "twelve baht" per coin.
Qin half two dollars
(4) Jin: Sixteen taels is Jin.
"One catty" is equivalent to "sixteen taels";
Notes: [Jin]
Pictographic. The oracle bone glyph is a horizontal blade on the top and a crank on the bottom, like an axe.
Original meaning: a tool such as an axe.
"Jin" is mostly used in modern times as a weight unit name,
One catty is equal to ten taels, and the old system was sixteen taels, or one-half of a kilogram.
The "jin" that represents the unit of weight comes from "釿".
"釿" is a unit of metal weight, also known as the name of the currency.
During the Warring States Period, the Yan State, the Jin State, and the Chu State were mostly based on "釿".
Sometimes the abbreviation is written as "jin".
After Qin Shi Huang unified the country, he formulated a unified standard of weights and measures:
Twenty-four baht is one tael, and sixteen taels is one catty.
Since then, until the Ming and Qing dynasties, it has been sixteen taels for a catty,
Until 1959,
Unified measurement system of the People's Republic of China,
It was changed to ten taels for a catty.
According to the old system, half a catty is eight taels,
Therefore, "half a catty and eight taels" is often used as a metaphor for two people who are roughly equal, regardless of whether they are up or down.
(5) Jun: Thirty catties is Jun.
One "jun" is equivalent to thirty "catties".
Idiom: a thousand shots
(6) Stone (䄷): Sijun is a stone.
"Stone" is used as a unit of weight, pronounced dàn, and the original character is "䄷dàn".
"One Stone (䄷)",
It is equivalent to the weight of "four jun",
It is equivalent to the weight of "one hundred and twenty catties".