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Excessive homework, too difficult, and too biased lead to students' boredom in school, teacher burnout, and parents' anxiety······" After the "double reduction", homework construction has become an important starting point for teaching reform, and many schools have actively explored homework construction. Combined with the existing experience, we have summarized the "seven skills" of operation construction.
Tip 1: Layered design
The principle of teaching students according to their aptitude should run through the whole process of education and teaching, not only in the classroom teaching process, but also in the homework design link, and the hierarchical design is the key to promote the "flexibility" and "personalization" of the homework. Whether it is based on a knowledge point, a lesson, or a unit or module, teachers must accurately grasp the learning situation when designing assignments, and study the six levels of students' cognition - memory, understanding, application, analysis, evaluation, and creation, and the corresponding theories include multiple intelligences, recent development areas, constructive learning, learning scaffolding, ability transfer, learning evaluation, etc. According to the actual situation of students at different levels, teachers can divide homework into different levels, covering basic questions, extended questions, challenge questions and other types, so that students at all levels can "eat and eat enough". For potential students, teachers should guide students to complete small goals in stages, and then gradually achieve big goals, so that students can gain a sense of accomplishment and self-confidence. It is especially important for teachers to consciously build a thinking scaffold for students when designing assignments, so that students at different levels can progress and grow through completing assignments.
Tip 2: Grading grading
For the top students, teachers should not be satisfied with the students "doing everything right", but should guide the students to think further about other ways to solve the problem, so as to find a better solution. For secondary students, teachers should not be satisfied with students "correcting mistakes", but should urge students to find the cause of mistakes and prevent similar mistakes from happening again. For potential students, the teacher's homework comments should be written in as much detail as possible, and it is best to "face to face and correct", point out the specific mistakes of students, and help students figure out whether their problems are conceptual errors, knowledge errors, problem solving method errors, and normative answers to questions. Teachers should also urge students to correct their mistakes and find some questions with similar difficulty to help students strengthen and consolidate.
Tip 3: Practice in class
One of the functions of homework is to consolidate the knowledge learned by completing specific tasks, which is a typical ability training and an effective way to form core literacy. In the context of "double reduction", it is necessary to reconstruct the classroom teaching structure, and the teacher's "lecture" and students' "practice" are closely integrated, so that classroom teaching and homework practice form a deep connection. Students' homework should be "done in class and cleared in class" as much as possible, which is also convenient for teachers to correct and give feedback in a timely manner.
Tip 4: Ask students to assign homework
Different from the traditional homework mode in which teachers write questions and students do questions, through homework reform, teachers can guide students to assign homework by themselves or choose their own homework in the "homework supermarket", so as to enhance the suitability of homework and avoid students' "no homework" and "plagiarism homework" to a large extent. Teachers can allow students to assign homework to themselves, assign homework to each other and check and correct it, and organize students to develop project-based homework through group discussions. Writing questions is more challenging than answering them, and some potential students may not be able to do so, so teachers can guide students to make simple adaptations to existing exercises.
Tip 5: Gamify your homework
Many teachers are worried about students' addiction to games, in fact, it is worth analysing why students love games. Teachers can draw on the characteristics of games such as "situational immersion" and "participatory experience" to redesign learning methods and homework styles, and launch various gamified assignments that students are interested in.
Tip 6: Big data empowerment
If the teacher's grasp of the learning situation is mainly based on experience rather than precise data, it will often lead to the problem of insufficient individuality in the design of assignments. Schools can rely on the data intelligence platform to build a "homework center", in which the intelligent question bank not only covers all kinds of exercises, example questions and test mock questions, but also can provide functions such as quick topic selection, intelligent paper grouping, homework assignment, online question book, online examination, homework review and so on. The valuable intelligent question bank should have basic functions such as teachers assigning homework online, students submitting homework online, homework data analysis, etc., and should also allow intelligent documents to match answer sheets with one click to meet the needs of teacher-student interaction. In addition, online assignments and online exams should also have functions such as automatic correction, generation of online error books, generation of analysis reports, redoing of wrong questions, and push of similar questions. It should be emphasized that students' online homework cannot completely replace offline homework, and the organic integration of the two is the right choice for homework construction.
Tip 7: Grasp the principle of systematics
In order to reduce unnecessary repetition and ineffective work, teachers must grasp the systematic principles of homework construction. The first is to integrate the design of homework and teaching, closely focus on the curriculum standards and teaching objectives, make the homework content consistent with the teaching content, and eliminate homework that exceeds the teaching objectives. Second, the homework is adapted to the student's existing foundation, and the growth record is made according to the student's homework completion, so as to evaluate the full-time development of the student's learning situation and knowledge and ability level. The third is to grasp the correlation between homework and learning before, during and after class, as well as the internal logical connection between learning tasks. Fourth, homework is linked to the examination, and what is learned and practiced is tested, so as to maintain the consistency of the direction of the examination proposition and the direction of homework reform. Fifth, the daily homework assignment should be integrated with the unit homework, weekend homework, and holiday homework, and the teacher should carefully design the homework content through comprehensive consideration and overall arrangement, and pay attention to the transformation from the knowledge-based to the ability-based literacy-based.
"Double reduction" has opened up a new idea for the construction of homework, and we must redefine homework and give full play to the educational effect of homework. Teachers should fully understand and firmly grasp the connecting function of homework between "teaching" and "evaluation", and continuously improve their professional ability in homework construction. It should be pointed out that we should not overemphasize "seeking novelty" and "seeking differences" in the construction of operations, otherwise, it is very likely that we will re-embark on the old road of "deviating from the topic" and "strange topic."
This article comes from "Guangming Society Educator", and some of the content has been deleted.
The author is the vice president of Henan Provincial Institute of Educational Sciences
WeChat editor|leaxyi
Supervisor: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China Sponsored: Beijing Normal University Publishing: Beijing Normal University Publishing Group Editor: "Chinese Teacher" Editorial Department Submission E-mail: [email protected] Email Subject: Name + Author's Affiliation + Submission Column + Manuscript Title Domestic Unified Serial Number: CN 11-4801/Z International Standard Serial Number: ISSN 1672-2051▌ Cooperative Database