Abstract:In recent years, the overall output of rapeseed in mainland China has shown a trend of increasing year by year. According to statistics, the planting area of rapeseed in mainland China will be about 110 million mu in 2022, an increase of nearly 4 million mu over 2021, achieving a restorative increase for five consecutive years. The annual output of rapeseed in 2022 will be 15.5314 million tons, an increase of 817,900 tons from the output of 14.7135 million tons in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 5.56%, and an increase in output for six consecutive years.
1. Definitions and Classification
Rapeseed, also known as brassica, is a small, spherical seed of a long-horned canola fruit, each of which generally has 10-20 canola seeds. The oil content in rapeseed is 37.5%~46.3%, and each ton of rapeseed can produce about 600 kg of rapeseed meal and about 400 kg of rapeseed oil. According to the botanical morphological characteristics and agronomic traits, rapeseed can be divided into four categories: cabbage rapeseed, cabbage rape, mustard rape and Ethiopian mustard, but most countries in the world only grow the first three types of rapeseed.
Second, industry policies
In recent years, the mainland has continued to increase policy subsidies for the rapeseed industry, driving the expansion of rapeseed planting. In October 2023, the General Office of the Hunan Provincial People's Government issued the "Several Measures to Make Up for the Shortcomings of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment to Build a Highland for the Development of Smart and Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Industry Chain", proposing that by 2025, the operating income of the agricultural machinery and equipment industry will reach 33 billion yuan, and intelligent agricultural machinery will account for more than 50%, and the mechanization rate of crops, rice, rape and other cultivation and harvesting in the province will reach more than 63%, 86% and 72% respectively. In February 2024, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Learning and Using the Experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration and Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project to Effectively and Effectively Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of Villages", proposing to explore the establishment of an inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas and deepen multi-channel production and marketing cooperation. Expand the area of rapeseed and support the development of Camellia oleifera and other special oilseeds.
Third, the development process
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, rapeseed production, as a part of traditional agriculture, began to be gradually restored and developed. At this stage, the planting area and output of rapeseed gradually increased, but the growth was relatively slow, mainly limited by the level of agricultural production technology and market demand. With the advancement of reform and opening up, agricultural production has received more attention and support, and the rapeseed industry has ushered in a period of rapid development. Technological advances and variety improvements have improved the yield and quality of rapeseed to meet the growing market demand. At the same time, the expansion of domestic and foreign markets has also brought more development opportunities for the rapeseed industry. After entering the 21st century, with the intensification of competition in domestic and foreign markets and the diversification of consumer demand, the rapeseed industry began to carry out structural adjustment and industrial upgrading. At the same time, optimizing the planting structure, improving production efficiency, and strengthening brand building have become important directions for the development of rapeseed industry.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Brand barriers
The brand barriers of the rapeseed industry are mainly reflected in market perception and consumer trust. At present, there is a lack of well-known brands with wide influence in the rapeseed cultivation market. As a result, rapeseed processing companies often find it difficult to make decisions based on brand when purchasing rapeseed products, and instead rely more on traditional factors such as price and origin. The lack of brand building makes it difficult for new rapeseed planting enterprises to form a brand effect, which limits the market expansion and competitiveness of rapeseed planting industry.
2. Technical barriers
The technical barriers of the rapeseed industry are mainly reflected in planting technology, processing technology and R&D capabilities. First of all, the backwardness of planting technology limits the yield and quality of rapeseed. Many areas still use traditional planting methods, and lack of advanced planting technology and equipment, resulting in low yield and unstable quality of rapeseed. Secondly, the backwardness of processing technology also affects the quality and added value of rapeseed products. At present, there are problems such as outdated equipment and backward technology in the rapeseed processing industry, resulting in low oil yield and unstable oil quality. Therefore, there are certain technical barriers for new enterprises entering the rapeseed industry.
3. Financial barriers
The capital barriers of the rapeseed industry are mainly reflected in the scale of investment and the difficulty of financing. Rapeseed planting and processing require large capital investment, including land lease, seed purchase, fertilizer and pesticide input, equipment purchase, etc. However, due to the relatively low returns and risks associated with the rapeseed industry. Therefore, financial barriers are also an important barrier for new entrants into the rapeseed industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the rapeseed industry chain is mainly rapeseed planting and rapeseed acquisition, the middle of the industrial chain is the purchase of rapeseed, and processing into rapeseed cake, rapeseed meal, rapeseed oil, etc., and the downstream of the industrial chain is mainly the application fields, including catering, feed, chemical industry, etc.
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